217 research outputs found
Study of metal magnetic memory (MMM) technique using permanently installed magnetic sensor arrays
No full textThe Metal magnetic memory (MMM) technique is marketed as a non-destructive testing method to evaluate stress concentration for ferromagnetic materials by measuring variations of the self-magnetic leakage field (SMLF) distribution on the specimen surface. This method has been implemented as a periodic screening inspection tool by several companies, and has been reported to be capable of detecting stress concentration in some instances. However, recent literature has suggested that the performance can be unreliable, with many false-calls; however, the reason for the false calls has not been satisfactorily investigated. In this paper, the normal and tangential components of the stress induced SMLF on the surface of specimens made from L80 steel, which is commonly used for pipes in the petrochemical industry, were measured by two permanently installed magnetic sensor arrays under the earth’s magnetic field. The results show that the SMLF changes are very small (about 10 ~ 30 A/m) in all cases for the material tested and occur mainly in first elastic load cycle. A Finite Element (FE) model has been used to predict the spatial distribution of the magnetic field due to localized MMM. The FE studies show that the defect size and the applied background magnetic field will influence the SMLF signal; however, the signal due to MMM could be swamped by any ferromagnetic material near to the magnetic sensors. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate the high probability of false calls with the MMM technique even if there were a significant MMM effect in the material used.</p
Crisis management: The case of the MMM financial pyramid
No full textThe paper considers MMM, one of the world?s most famous financial pyramids that worked during the last decade of the 20th century. The author shows that financial pyramids were not the result of the transition process. They have been a regular phenomenon in the most developed economies (The Netherlands France, England etc) during the earlier periods. The short history of the pyramid MMM is given, and then in the key part of the article the functioning of the Crisis Management Group that help MMM to survive the crisis period in the middle of the year 1994. At this manner, MMM became perhaps the only pyramid in history that continues to work successfully after the financial collapse.</jats:p
Management of immune-related myocarditis, myositis and myasthenia gravis (MMM) overlap syndrome: a single institution case series and literature review
No full text[Background] Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of various malignancies, particularly melanoma. However, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) pose significant challenges, particularly in cases of severe toxicity syndromes. One such life-threatening irAE is the myocarditis, myositis, and myasthenia gravis (MMM) overlap syndrome, which occurs in less than 1% of patients but has in-hospital mortality rates ranging from 40 to 60%. Due to its rarity and complexity, early recognition and a multidisciplinary approach are critical to improving outcomes.[Methods] We present a single-institution case series of four patients diagnosed with MMM overlap syndrome following ICI therapy. Clinical presentation, laboratory findings, imaging, and electrophysiological tests were analyzed to confirm the diagnosis. Therapeutic interventions-including corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG), plasma exchange (PLEX), tocilizumab, and rituximab- were evaluated in terms of efficacy and clinical outcomes.[Results] The onset of MMM syndrome varied from 2 to 4 weeks after initiating ICI therapy. Patients presented with rapidly progressive symptoms, including ptosis, bulbar dysfunction, respiratory distress, myopathy, and cardiac conduction abnormalities. Immunosuppressive therapy with high-dose corticosteroids was initiated in all cases. Additional immunomodulatory treatments (IVIG, tocilizumab, PLEX, and rituximab) were administered based on clinical deterioration and autoimmune profile. Two patients achieved complete recovery, one remains on maintenance immunosuppression, and one died due to respiratory failure despite aggressive treatment.[Conclusion] MMM overlap syndrome is a severe and often fatal irAE associated with ICI therapy. Early identification, aggressive immunosuppressive treatment, and individualized therapeutic strategies are essential to optimize patient outcomes. Further research is needed to refine diagnostic criteria, identify predictive biomarkers, and establish standardized treatment protocols.The author(s) declare that no financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article. This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.Peer reviewe
Estimation of multiple male mating frequency using paternity skew: An example from a grey‐sided vole (Myodes rufocanus) population
No full textMultiple male mating (MMM) causes sperm competition, which may play an important role in the evolution of reproductive traits. The frequency of multiple paternity (MP), where multiple males sire offspring within a single litter, has been used as an index of MMM frequency. However, MP frequency is necessarily lower than MMM frequency. The magnitude of the difference between MMM and MP frequency depends on litter size (LS) and fertilization probability skew (FPS), and this difference may be meaningfully large in animals with small LSs. In this study, we propose a method to estimate MMM frequency using an individual‐based model with three variables (MP frequency, LS and FPS). We incorporated observed paternity skew data to infer a possible range of FPS that cannot be measured in free‐living populations and tested the validity of our method using a data set from a grey‐sided vole (Myodes rufocanus ) population and from hypothetical populations. MP was found in 50 out of 215 litters (23.3%) in the grey‐sided vole population, while MMM frequency was estimated in 67 of 215 litters (31.2%), with a certainty range of 59–88 (27.4%–40.9%). The point estimation of MMM frequency was realized, and the certainty range was limited within the practical range. The use of observed paternity skew was very effective at narrowing the certainty range of the estimate. Our method could contribute to a deeper understanding of the ecology of MMM in free‐living populations
The 7th Joint MMM-INTERMAG Conference : abstracts, San Francisco, California, January 6-9, 1998.
No full text"IEEE Catalog Number 98CH36275"--Title page verso"Sponsored jointly by the American Institute of Physics and Magnetics Society of the IEEE"--General InformationIncludes author index.Includes bibliographical reference and author index
Relationship of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics to mechanical restraint used in a psychiatric hospital in Spain
No full textMCR, IAF, CLI and MMM: Made substantial contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation
of data; MCR, IAF and GHC: Involved in drafting the manuscript or
revising it critically for important intellectual content; MCR, IAF,
MMM, ABD, CLI and GHC: Given final approval of the version to
be published. Each author should have participated sufficiently in
the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the
content; MCR, IAF and GHC: Agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy
or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated
and resolved.The objective of this study was to analyse the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics most likely associated with the use of mechanical restraints (MRs)
in psychiatric hospital settings.All the authors acknowledge financial support received for this work
from Cardenal Herrera University—CEU, CEU Universities (pre-
competitive projects 2019–2020).Enfermerí
Executive order number 7MMM; Executive order number seven MMM.
No full text1 online resource (4 unnumbered pages)At head of title: State of Connecticut; Dated at Hartford, Connecticut, this 10th day of August, 2020"-- 4th unnumbered page.Takes several emergency actions in response to the COVID-19 outbreak and the governor's civil preparedness and public health declaration
A compact FPGA-based montgomery modular multiplier
No full textThis paper presents a compact design of Montgomery modular multiplier (MMM). MMM serves as a building block commonly required in security protocols relying on public key encryption. The proposed design is intended for hardware applications of lightweight cryptographic modules that is utilized for the system on chip (SoC) and internet of things (IoT) devices. The proposed design is an enhancement of the original MMM without any multiplication or subtraction processes. The main target of the new modification is enhancing the performance and reducing the area of the MMM hardware module. The operands and internal variables of the proposed hardware circuit is optimized to be bounded to the smallest efficient size to minimize the area and the critical path delay. The proposed design was coded in VHDL, implemented on the Virtex-6 FPGA, and its performance was analyzed utilizing XILINX ISE tools. Our design occupies the smallest area comparing with other implementations on the same FPGA type. The proposed design saves in a range between 60.0% and 99.0% of the resources compared with other relevant designs
Evaluation of High Spatial Resolution Imaging of Magnetic Stray Fields for Early Damage Detection
No full textMetal magnetic memory (MMM) technique with associated ISO 24497-1:3 [1] is gaining considerable interest in the magnetic NDT community. In contrast to traditional Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) testing, the inspection objects are not intentionally magnetized by an external magnetic field [1,2]. Due to the physical coupling between mechanical stress and magnetization of ferromagnetic materials [3], it is assumed that the distribution of the residual MFL correspond to the internal stress of the specimen [2,4], or in the most general sense, to a degradation of the material [1,2].
Usually, MMM measurements are performed by relatively bulky magnetic inspection sensors [2]. The evaluation of local magnetic field distribution is limited thereby. High precision GMR (Giant Magneto Resistance) measurements in the micrometer regime can provide a higher degree of information due to better spatial resolution [5].
We present a concise summary of studies on the correlation of magnetic structure and microstructure of steels. In particular, we compare residual stress measurements in S235JRC steel welds by means of neutron diffraction with high resolution magnetic field mappings. Results indicate a qualitative correlation between residual stresses and local stray field variation. In addition, stray field measurements of plastically deformed specimens for quasi- static and cyclic loading cases are discussed. The present study concludes that GMR sensors can detect inhomogeneous plastic deformations of S235JR steel in a very early stage, without specific signal processing according to the ISO 24497-1:3.</p
Famous Aesop Fables: The Fisherman and a Little Fish & other stories
No full textOne in a set of seven 7½ x 10¼ pamphlets, each including seven fables. For each fable, there is a full page of text on the left and a full-page colored illustration on the right. The cartoon illustrations are simple and lively. The donkey in The Donkey's Shadow is purple! The eager fisherman who has caught a little fish (both at the center and on the cover) has a remarkable face with open mouth and bulging eyes. I would not want to be that little fish! Unfortunately, the fisherman's statement to the fish is Mmm, I don't like I'll let you go. The last text has quite for quiet.Val Biro
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