1,720,994 research outputs found
The illustration of a rat large intestine: a model for the effect of carcinogens
Get PDFIntroduction: Rat large intestine is an established model to study the effect of carcinogens. There are several distinctive features among mammalian gastrointestinal tracts in gross anatomy but they share some basic similar structures. The variety in digestive system relies on its physiology. Rats rarely eat high fatty diets, thus the function of gall bladder become less significant in their digestive system and this is justified by the fact that rats have none. Rats have large caecum designated for their fermentation chamber to digest cellulose. Another notable difference is the size and length of colon itself, in which human colon is significantly bigger and longer. We aimed to demonstrate the gross anatomy and histology of rat digestive system particularly the large intestine. Materials and method: Abdominal cavity was opened and rat digestive system in situ was identified. The whole digestive tube was released from the mesentery. The length of large intestine was measured and flushed with phosphate buffered saline to remove its contents. Representative samples from the large intestine were taken and fixed with Carnoy’s solution and neutral buffered formalin for histological study. Results: The most obvious region in rat large intestine was the caecum and no obvious partitions of large intestine as in human. Nevertheless, the histology of rat large intestine resembled the human. Gall bladder and appendix were absent in rats. Conclusion: Besides smaller in size and length, rat large intestine has a larger caecum compared to human. There is similarity between the large intestinal wall in rat and human microscopically
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Uncommon pathways: a case of metastatic invasive lobular carcinoma presenting as colonic obstruction
Get PDFIntroduction: Breast cancer is a prevalent malignancy among women, with invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) comprising 10-15% of cases. ILC commonly metastasizes to the lungs, bones, liver, and central nervous system, but gastrointestinal (GI) tract involvement is rare. Colonic metastases from breast cancer are particularly uncommon. This report details a rare case of ILC metastasizing to the colon. Case Presentation: A 58-year-old Malay woman with hypertension and diabetes mellitus presented with abdominal distension and altered bowel habits. Colonoscopy revealed a constricting lesion 18 cm from the anal verge, with biopsies confirming metastatic carcinoma of breast origin. Histopathology showed strong CK7, weak CK20, and negative E-cadherin. A CT scan indicated bowel wall thickening and moderate ascites. Elevated carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels led to mammography, which identified suspicious lesions in the left breast. Histology confirmed ILC with strong estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) positivity, and HER2 negativity. Despite treatment, the patient later developed pleural effusions and succumbed to complications. Discussion: ILC, the second most common type of invasive breast carcinoma, rarely metastasizes to the GI tract. Diagnosis is challenging due to non-specific symptoms and the absence of a palpable breast mass. Comprehensive histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis, including markers like CK7 and E-cadherin, is essential for accurate diagnosis. Treatment often involves hormone therapy, such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors, due to ILC’s resistance to chemotherapy. Surgical intervention is reserved for urgent cases, such as bowel obstruction, and radiotherapy may be considered for local control of metastatic lesions. Regular follow-up is crucial for early detection and management of metastases. Conclusion: This case highlights the importance of considering GI metastasis in patients with a history of ILC and abdominal symptoms, emphasizing the need for accurate diagnosis and tailored management strategies
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
