104,754 research outputs found
Characterization of {2(q+1)+2,2;t,q}-minihypers in PG(t,q) (t⩾3,qϵ{3,4})
No full textAbstractA set F of f points in a finite projective geometry PG(t,q) is an (f,m; t,q};-minihyper if m (⩾0) is the largest integer such that all hyperplanes in PG(t,q) contain at least m points in F. Hamada and Deza (1988) characterized all {2(q+1)+2,2; t,q}-minihypers for t⩾3, q⩾5. Hamada (1987, 1989) also determined the cases of t=2, q⩾3. In this paper we characterize {2(q+1)+2,2;t,q}-minihypers for t⩾3, qϵ{3,4}. In addition to the previously known constructions, we describe a new {10, 2; 3,3}-minihyper
Detection of localized UIS failure on IGBTs with the aid of lock-in thermography
No full textIGBTs with embedded current monitors, i.e. realized by separating a small part of the main device emitter
and using it as the current sense terminal, are currently used to integrate intelligent power modules
(IPMs). In a previous paper [Breglio G, Irace A, Napoli E, Spirito P, Hamada K, Nishijima T, et al. Study
of a failure mechanism during UIS switching of planar PT-IGBT with current sense cell. Microelectron
Reliab 2007;47(9–11):1756–60] we have demonstrated how, during UIS switching in particular circuit
configurations, the interplay between the sense-emitter cell and the rest of the device can lead to
latch-up of the lateral p–n–p bipolar transistor and current focalization in the sense-emitter cell which
finally causes device failure. In this paper, we show how the location of this very localized failure spot
can be very accurately determined with the aid of a very sensitive lock-in thermography setup. The main
advantage of this approach is the direct applicability to the failed device without the need of time consuming
sample preparation as in other failure analysis (FA) techniques
A characterization of {2vα+1 + 2vβ+1, 2vα + 2vβ; t, q}- minihypers in PG(t, q) (t ⩾ 2, q ⩾ 5 and 0 ⩽ α < β < t) and its applications to error-correcting codes
No full textAbstractLet F be a set of f points in a finite projective geometry PG(t, q) of t dimensions where t ⩾ 2, f ⩾ 1 and q is a prime power. If (a) |F ∩ H| ⩾ m for any hyperplane H in PG(t, q) and (b) |F ∩ H| = m for some hyperplane H in PG(t, q), then F is said to be an {f, m; t, q}-minihyper where m ⩾ 0 and |A| denotes the number of points in the set A.Recently, all {2(q + 1) + 2, 2; 2, q}-minihypers in PG(2, q) have been characterized by Hamada [5−6] for any prime power q ⩾ 3 and all {2(q + 1) + 2, 2; t, q}-minihypers in PG(t, q) have been characterized by Hamada and Deza [9] for any integer t ⩾ 3 and any prime power q ⩾ 5. The purpose of this paper is to extend the above results, i.e., to characterize all {2vα+1 + 2vβ+1, 2vα + 2vβ; t, q}-minihypers in PG(t, q) for any integers α and β such that 0 ⩽ α < β < t where t ⩾ 2, q ⩾ 5 and vl = (ql − 1)(q − 1) for any integer l ⩾ 0. Using those results, all (n, k, d; q)-codes meeting the Griesmer bound are characterized for the case k ⩾ 3, q ⩾ 5 and d = qk−1 − (2qα + 2qβ). Note that v0 = 0, vl = 1 and v2 = q + 1
Characterization of {2(q+1)+2,2;t,q}- min·hypers in PG(t, q) (t⩾3,q⩾5) and its applications to error-correcting codes
No full textAbstractLet F be a set of ƒ points in a finite projective geometry PG(t,q) of t dimensions (cf. Appendix I) where t⩾2,f⩾1 and q is a prime power. If (a)|F ∩ H| ⩾m for any hyperplane H in PG(t,q) and (b) |F ∩ H | = m for some hyperplane H in PG(t,q), then F is said to be an {f,m;t,q}-min·hyper (or an {f,m;t,q}-minihyper) where m ⩾ 0 and |A| denotes the number of elements in the set A.Recently, all {2(q+1)+2,2;2,q}− min·hypers in PG(2, q) have been characterized by Hamada [10, 12] for any prime power q ⩾ 3. The purpose of this paper is to characterize all {2(q+1)+2,2;t,q}−min·hypers in PG(t,q) for any integer t ⩾ 3 and any prime power q ⩾ 5 using the results in Hamada [6−11]. Using those results, all (n,k,d;q)-codes meeting the Griesmer bound (1.1) are characterized for the case k⩾3, d=qk–1 –(2 + 2q) and q⩾5. Those results are a generalization of the results (due to Tamari) which have been published in Discrete Mathematics 49 (1984) 179–191
Apobaetis pasternakae De Lima & Cruz & Hamada 2023, sp. nov.
No full textApobaetis pasternakae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CA9DDFA5-45BE-44FC-9EC5-A92B09F133B8 Figs 1, 3–5 Apobaetis fiuzai – Cruz et al. 2011: 89. –– Falcão et al. 2011: 519. –– Boldrini et al. 2012: 92. Diagnosis MALE IMAGO (adapted from Cruz et al. 2011). Wing (Cruz et al. 2011: fig. 8). hyaline, veins light brown; stigmatic area with eight veins not touching Sc vein; marginal intercalary veins paired, except single between veins IMP2 and CuA, absent between CuA and A; length of each intercalary vein 0.6× distance between adjacent longitudinal vein; length of forewing about 2.5 × width. External genitalia (Cruz et al. 2011: fig. 10a–b). Area between unistyligers with a deep V emargination. Internal genitalia (Fig. 5H). A pair of sclerotized gonovectes V-shaped, broad apex (gv); retractor muscle of the gonovectes fixed in the angle region of the gonovectes (m.gv); sclerotized penial bridge (pb); a pair of styligeral muscle (ms). NYMPH. Characterized by a combination of the following characters: 1) labrum rectangular, distal medial margin with one protuberance; dorsal surface with 3 to 5 elongated and blunt medial setae near distal margin (Fig. 4A–B); 2) hypopharynx with lingua subcircular, with apical tuft of setae, length subequal to superlingua (Fig. 4E); 3) maxillary palp long, greater than or equal to 2.0× the length of galea-lacinia; segment II tapering abruptly from the apical half to the apex, without apical constriction (Fig. 4F); 4) labial palp segment II with triangular pointed distomedial projection, apically directed; segment III rectangular, distal margin slightly concave (Fig. 4G); 5) foreleg with dorsal margin of femur with one row of 11 to 13 concave and blunt long setae; claw 0.6–0.8× length of tarsus, without row of denticles (Fig. 5A); 6) posterior margin of tergum IV with triangular and pointed spines in irregular sizes (Fig. 5C); 7) paraproct with several marginal spines, posterolateral extension without spines (Fig. 5E). Etymology The species name is a tribute to Dr Natália Pasternak, founder of the Instituto Questão de Ciências in São Paulo. During the Coronavirus Pandemic, she acted fighting fake news. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • nymph on slide; Amazonas State, Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, stream Barro Branco; 02º53′ S, 59º58′ W; 10 Mar. 2009; R. Boldrini and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA. Paratypes BRAZIL – Amazonas • 2 nymphs on slide; same collection data as for holotype; INPA • 5 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for holotype; INPA. Additional material BRAZIL – Amazonas • 12 ♂♂ imagoes in 80% alcohol; Manaus, Reserva Florestal Adolpho Ducke, stream Barro Branco; 02º53′ S, 59º58′ W; 8Apr. 2009; R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 5 males imagoes genitalia on slide; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 6 nymphs on slide; Presidente Figueiredo, Corredeira da Pantera; 02º02′ S, 59º50′ W; 8 Nov. 2009; R. Boldrini and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; same collection data as for preceding; 12 Nov. 2009; INPA • 3 nymphs on slide; Presidente Figueiredo, Cachoeira do Santuário; 02º03′ S, 59º55′ W; 13 Nov. 2009; R. Boldrini and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Apuí; 07º11′ S, 59º53′ W; 2 Jul. 2018; P. V. Cruz, G. Desidério and N. Hamada leg.; INPA. – Roraima • 2 nymphs on slide; Caroebe, Rio Caroebe, ramal 37, Cachoeirinha farms; 00º57′09.2″ N, 59º37′00.5″ W; 23 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 12 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 1 nymph in alcohol 80%; Caroebe, Lago Jacundá, Vicinal 02; 00º50′59.8″ N, 59º40′48.2″ W; 29 Nov. 2006; J.N. Falcão leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; São João da Baliza, sítio do igarapé; 01º00′59.7″ N, 59º55′53.1″ W; 24 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 3 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 3 nymphs on slide; Caroebe, Igarapé do Jacaré, vicinal 05; 01º03′58.2″ N, 59º3′06.8″ W; 19 Mar. 2013; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 4 nymphs on slide; Caroebe, Rio Caroebe, vicinal 05; 01º03′58.2″ N, 59º3′06.8″ W; 12 Mar. 2018; P. V. Cruz and I.O. Fernandes leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Pacaraima, Rio Ereu; 01º56′01.3″ N, 61º01′38.4″ W; 26 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Boa Vista, Rio Murupu; 03º01′16.3″ N, 60º46′32.9″ W; 19 Dec. 2004; N. Hamada and F.F. Salles leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Bonfim, Rio Arraia; 03º21′01.6″ N, 59º54′14.5″ W; 5 Nov. 2006; J.N. Falcão leg.; INPA • 1 nymph in alcohol 80%; Caroebe, Lago Jacundá, first bridge, Vicinal 2; 00º50′59.8″ N, 59º40′48.2″ W; 29 Nov. 2008; J.N. Falcão leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; Bonfim, Rio Arraia; 03º21′04.0″ N, 59º54′13.5″ W; 27 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs in alcohol 80%; same collection data as for preceding; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; Cantá, Rio do Cachorro bridge; 02º25′20.2″ N, 60º40′00.9″ W; 28 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; BR 170; 02º08′59.9″ N, 60º40′39.9″ W; 28 Mar. 2012; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA. – Rondônia • 3 nymphs on slide; Candeias do Jamarí, Igarapé da Onça; 08º52′40.0″ S, 63º38′02.2″ W; 9 Jul. 2016; N. Hamada and P. V. Cruz leg.; INPA. – Maranhão • 2 nymphs on slide; Estreito, BR 010, near the bridge, Rio Farinha; 06º31′47.3″ S, 47º28′11.4″ W; 22 Jul. 2010; N. Hamada, P. V. Cruz, G. Dantas and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA. Description Nymph LENGTH. Body: 2.9–3.1 mm. HEAD. Antenna. Flagellum with minute spines at apex of each flagellomere. Labrum (Fig. 4A–B). Length about 0.5 × maximum width; distal medial margin with one protuberance; dorsal surface with 3 to 5 elongated and blunt medial setae near distal margin; medially with one row of long and thin setae near distal margin; long, thin and simple setae covering dorsal surface; ventral surface with spine-like setae on distolateral and distal margins. Left mandible (Fig. 4C). Incisors not fused; outer and inner set of incisors with 4 and 3 denticles, respectively; prostheca robust, bifurcated at apex, outer lobe robust, inner lobe slender with medial tuft of setae; margin between prostheca and mola concave; subtriangular process wide with short protuberance on distal margin; tuft of setae at base of subtriangular process; denticles of mola not constricted; lateral margin convex. Right mandible (Fig. 4D). Incisors not fused; outer and inner set of incisors each with 3 denticles; prostheca slender, bifurcated at apex; margin between prostheca and mola concave; tuft of setae at base of mola absent; denticles of mola not constricted; lateral margin convex. Hypopharynx (Fig. 4E). Lingua subcircular, with apical tuft of setae, length subequal to superlingua; superlingua not expanded, with short, fine and simple setae scattered over distolateral and distal margin. Maxilla (Fig. 4F). Maxillary palp long, greater than or equal to 2.0 × length of galea-lacinia; segment I 0.7× length of galea-lacinia; segment II tapering abruptly from apical half to apex, with fine and simple setae scattered over surface, without apical constriction. Labium (Fig. 4G). Glossa subquadrangular, medially broad, subequal to paraglossa; dorsal surface with one longitudinal row of 4 short spine-like setae near inner margin; apex with 3 short spine-like setae; longitudinal row of 9 robust spine-like setae near outer margin; ventral surface covered with long, thin and simple setae. Paraglossa curved inward; dorsal surface with long and robust setae on apex; outer margin with one longitudinal row of 16 long spine-like setae to base and one longitudinal row of 6 long and robust spine-like setae to base near inner margin; ventral surface with one longitudinal row of 7 long and robust spine-like setae at middle, at apical half. Labial palp with segment I 0.8 × length of segments II and III combined, covered with micropores (not illustrated); segment II with outer margin covered with thin, long and simple setae, inner margin bare; segment II with triangular pointed distomedial projection apically directed; ventral surface of distomedial projection with tuft thin, long and simple setae; segment III rectangular, distal margin slightly concave, length 0.6× width, covered with fine, long and simple setae on outer margin, dorsally with a row of 11 to 14 robust setae in different sizes near distal margin, ventrally with 10 to 12 robust spine-like setae in different sizes near distal margin. THORAX. Holotype pigment (Fig. 3A–C). Light yellow; femur with rounded brown mark on apical third. Foreleg (Fig. 5A–B). Femur: dorsal margin with one row of 11 to 13 concave and blunt long setae; apex with 2 concave and blunt long setae; ventral margin with one row of 6 to 8 elongated spine-like setae; posterior surface with one row of 8 to 10 elongated spine-like setae near ventral margin. Tibia: dorsal margin bare, ventral margin with one row of 8 to 10 spine-like setae. Patella-tibial suture present, from dorsal to ventral margin. Tarsus: dorsal margin bare, ventral margin with one row of 12 to 15 spine-like setae. Claw: 0.6–0.8× length of tarsus, row of denticules absent. Middle and hindleg similar to foreleg. ABDOMEN. Holotype pigment (Fig. 3A–C). Light yellow; terga I and II with medial brown mark; tergum V with lateral brown mark; tergum IX with brown mark on anterior margin; sterna VI–VIII with anterolateral light brown mark almost imperceptible; sternum IX with brown mark on lateral and anterior margin. Tergum IV (Fig. 5C). Terga surface covered by triangular scale-like projections and by micropores; posterior margin of tergum IV with triangular and pointed spines, in irregular sizes. Gill (Fig. 5D) apex rounded, trachea conspicuous; median length, extending to half of second subsequent tergum. Paraproct (Fig. 5E) with several marginal spines; posterolateral extension without spines. Cerci (Fig. 5F) short lateral spines on all segments. Paracercus (Fig. 5G) short lateral spines on all segments. Male imago INTERNAL GENITALIA (Fig. 5H). A pair of unistyligers cylindrical, completely separated one from another (us); sclerotized penial bridge articulated with the gonovectes and the X tergum abdominal (pb); pair of sclerotized gonovectes V-shaped, broad apex (gv) with an attached membrane on lateral parts (mb); a pair of gonovectal muscle goes from gonovectes apex to lateral parts of IX sternum (m.gv); a pair of median styligeral muscle goes from lateral parts of membrane to posterior margin of IX sternum (ms). Intraspecific variation of Apobaetis pasternakae sp. nov. Pigment variation THORAX. Light yellow, with short brown spots (Fig. 3D, F, 3J, M); brown mark covering almost completely the thorax (Fig. 3H); femur without marks (Fig. 3G); forewing pads with brown mark on basal third (Fig. 3H). ABDOMEN. Terga I–III with brown spots (Fig. 3D, F); terga I–X with short light brown marks (Fig. 3J); tergum I with medial brown mark, terga II and III with brown marks, terga IV–X with light brown spots (Fig. 3M); sterna VII and VIII with anterolateral brown mark (Fig. 3G); sterna I–VIII with anterolateral brown mark, sterna I–VIII with lateral brown mark (Fig. 3L, N); cerci e paracercus with light brown trio marks, alternating over of length (Fig. 3D, J, M). Morphological variation LENGTH. Body 2.2–3.1 mm.Published as part of De Lima, Cláudia R. T., Cruz, Paulo Vilela & Hamada, Neusa, 2023, Additions and corrections to taxonomy of Apobaetis fiuzai Salles & Lugo-Ortiz, 2002 and Apobaetis kallawaya Nieto, 2006 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), pp. 136-161 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1) on pages 143-145, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2167, http://zenodo.org/record/815539
A Characterization of Some Minihypers in a Finite Projective Geometry PG(t, 4)
No full textRecently, Hamada and Deza [8] gave a complete characterization of all {vα + 1 + vβ + 1 + vγ + 1, vα + vβ + vγ; t, q}-minihypers for any integers α, β, γ, t and any prime power q such that q ⩾ 5 and either 0 ⩽ α = β < γ < t or 0 ⩽ α < β = γ < t where vl = (ql− 1)/(q − 1) for any integer l ⩾ 0. The purpose of this paper is to characterize all {vα + 1 + vβ + 1 + vγ + 1, vα + vβ + vγ; t, q}-minihypers for any integers t, q, α, β and γ such that q = 4 and either (a) 0 ⩽ α < β = γ < t or (b) 0 ⩽ α = β < γ < t and γ ≠ α + 1. Using those results, all (n, k, d ; 4)-codes meeting the Griesmer bound are characterized for the case k ⩾ 3 and d = 4k−1 − 4α − 4β − 4γ
Apobaetis jaquelinae De Lima & Cruz & Hamada 2023, sp. nov.
No full textApobaetis jaquelinae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 806D9CCD-9AB3-402E-9D58-FA64C2C1DEF4 Figs 1, 6–8 Apobaetis fiuzai – Boldrini & Cruz 2014: 4. Diagnosis NYMPH. Characterized by a combination of the following characters: 1) labrum rectangular, distal medial margin with one protuberance; dorsal surface with 3 elongated and blunt medial setae near distal margin (Fig. 7A–B); 2) hypopharynx with lingua subcircular, with apical tuft of setae, length subequal to superlingua (Fig. 7E); 3) maxillary palp long 1.7× length of galea-lacinia; segment II without apical constriction (Fig. 7F); 4) labial palp with segment II with triangular distomedial projection with rounded apex, laterally directed; segment III rectangular, distal margin concave (Fig. 7G); 5) foreleg with anterior surface of femur with one row of 8 to 9 short concave setae slightly pectinated on apex; apex with 2 short concave setae slightly pectinated on apex; claw 0.6–0.7 × length of tarsus, with two row of denticles restricted to middle portion (Fig. 8A–C); 6) posterior margin of tergum IV with triangular and pointed spines in regular sizes (Fig. 8D); 7) paraproct with several marginal spines, posterolateral extension with blunt spines (Fig. 8F). Etymology The species name is a tribute to Dr Jaqueline Góes, from the Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, who was part of the team that developed and improved the viral genome sequencing protocols for the rapid sequencing of the coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • nymph on slide; Rondônia, Teixeirópolis, Vale das Cachoeiras; 10º55′20.4″ S, 62º22′34.7″ W; 10 Jul. 2018; P. V. Cruz, N. Hamada and G. Desidério leg.; INPA. Paratypes BRAZIL • 2 nymphs on slide; same collection data as for holotype; INPA. Additional material BRAZIL – Rondonia • 1 nymph on slide; Colorado do Oeste, Rio Cabixi; 13º15′31.8″ S, 60º20′04.8″ W; 3 Sep. 2012; N. Hamada and R. Boldrini leg.; INPA • 1 nymph on slide; Nova Londrina, Rio Urupá; 11º02′05.8″ S, 62º08′34.1″ W; 9 Jul. 2018; P. V. Cruz, N. Hamada and G. Desidério leg.; INPA. Description Nymph LENGTH. Body: 2.5–2.8 mm. HEAD. Antenna: flagellum with minute spines on apex of each flagellomere. Labrum (Fig. 7A–B): length about 0.6× of maximum width; distal medial margin with one protuberance, distolateral margin rounded; dorsal surface with 3 elongated and blunt medial setae near distal margin; medially with one row of long and thin setae near distal margin; long, thin and simple setae covering dorsal surface; ventral surface with one row of spine-like setae on distolateral and distal margins. Left mandible (Fig. 7C): incisors not fused; outer and inner set of incisors with 4 and 3 denticles, respectively; prostheca robust, bifurcated at apex, outer lobe robust, inner lobe slender with medial tuft of setae; margin between prostheca and mola concave; subtriangular process wide with short protuberance on distal margin; tuft of setae at base of subtriangular process; denticles of mola not constricted; lateral margin convex. Right mandible ( Fig. 7D): incisors not fused; outer and inner set of incisors each with 3 denticles; prostheca slender, bifurcated at apex, tuft medial of minute setae; margin between prostheca and mola concave; tuft of setae at base of mola absent; denticles of mola not constricted; lateral margin convex. Hypopharynx (Fig. 7E): lingua subcircular, apex covered with short setae, subequal to superlingua; superlingua not expanded, with short, thin, simple setae over distolateral and distal margin. Maxilla (Fig. 7F): maxillary palp long, 1.7× length of galea-lacinia; segment I 0.6× length of galea-lacinia; segment II tapering slightly from base to apex, with thin and simple setae scattered on surface, without apical constriction; medial margin of galea-lacinia with 2 to 3 spine-like setae. Labium (Fig. 7G): glossa subcircular, robust, narrowing apically, subequal to paraglossa; dorsal surface with one longitudinal row of 4 short spine-like setae near inner margin; 2 short spine-like setae near internal margin, thin and simple setae and one robust spine-like setae on apex; longitudinal row of 9 robust spine-like setae on apical ⅔ near outer margin; ventral surface covered with long, thin and simple setae. Paraglossa curved inward; dorsal surface with long and robust spine-like setae on apex; longitudinal row of 15 long spine-like setae on apical ⅔ near outer margin and one longitudinal row of 5 long and robust spine-like setae on apical ⅔ near inner margin; ventral surface with one longitudinal row of 5 robust and long spine-like setae on apical ⅔. Labial palp with segment I 0.7 × length of segments II and III combined, covered with micropores (not illustrated); segment II with outer margin covered with thin, long and simple setae, inner margin bare; segment II with triangular distomedial projection, with rounded apex, laterally directed; ventral surface of distomedial projection with thin, long and simple tuft of setae; segment III rectangular, with concave distal margin, length 0.6× width, covered with thin, long and simple setae on outer margin, dorsally with one row of 11 to 13 spine-like setae in different sizes near distal margin, ventrally with 8 to 10 spine-like setae in different sizes near distal margin. THORAX. Holotype pigment (Fig. 6A–B): light yellow, with brown marks; forewing pads with basal brown mark. Paratype pigment, nymph female (Fig. 6C): light yellow, with lateral brown mark. Foreleg (Fig. 8A–C). Femur: anterior surface with one row with 8 to 9 short concave setae slightly pectinated on apex near dorsal margin; apex of femur with 2 short concave setae slightly pectinated on apex; ventral margin with one row of 10 to 12 spine-like setae of different sizes. Tibia: dorsal margin bare; ventral margin with one row of 10 to 11 spine-like setae. Patella-tibial suture present, from dorsal margin to ventral margin. Tarsus: dorsal margin bare; ventral margin with one row of 11 to 12 spine-like setae. Claw: 0.6–0.7× length of tarsus, with two rows of denticles restricted to middle portion. Middle and hindleg similar to foreleg. ABDOMEN. Holotype pigment, nymph male (Fig. 6A–B): tergum V with lateral brown mark; posterior margin of tergum V with medial brown mark and sublateral brown spots; tergum VI with central brown mark; anterior margin of tergum VII with medial brown mark and short spots; terga VIII and IX with lateral brown mark and short spots; sterna II–VII with anterolateral brown mark and with lateral brown mark; sternum VIII brown; sternum IX with anterior margin brown mark. Paratype pigment. Nymph female (Fig. 6C). Tergum II with medial brown mark; terga III and V with lateral brown mark; terga II– IV covered by reddish brown pigmentation. Tergum IV (Fig. 8D): surface covered by triangular scale-like projections and micropores; posterior margin with triangular and pointed spines, in regular sizes. Gill (Fig. 8E): triangular apex, trachea conspicuous; long length, extending to half of third subsequent tergum. Paraproct (Fig. 8F) with several marginal spines. Posterolateral extension with blunt spines. Cerci (Fig. 8G) with spines in all segments. Paracercus (Fig. 8H) with prominent spines in all segments.Published as part of De Lima, Cláudia R. T., Cruz, Paulo Vilela & Hamada, Neusa, 2023, Additions and corrections to taxonomy of Apobaetis fiuzai Salles & Lugo-Ortiz, 2002 and Apobaetis kallawaya Nieto, 2006 (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae), pp. 136-161 in European Journal of Taxonomy 879 (1) on pages 149-153, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2023.879.2167, http://zenodo.org/record/815539
Rivudiva amazona Cruz & Boldrini & De Lima & Hamada 2022, sp. nov.
No full textRivudiva amazona sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 595B6165-BC4E-4AFB-BF4F-CD6FB5C22432 Figs 4–7 Rivudiva trichobasis – Falcão et al. 2011: 539. Diagnosis NYMPH. The combination of the characters: 1) labrum with distal margin straight (Fig. 4A); 2) labrum ventral surface with robust, distally bifid, eventually pectinated, setae on distal margin (Fig. 4A); 3) left mandible with incisors fused at basal third (Fig. 4B); 4) maxillary palp segment II with reduced apical lobe (Fig. 4D); 5) hypopharynx without distomedial projection (Fig. 4F); 6) glossa oval with inner and outer arcs of setae not sinuous and close to margins (Fig. 4G–H); 7) labial palp segment III robust, conical and apically pointed (Fig. 4G); 8) dorsal margin of forefemur with one row of long setae from middle length to apex (Fig. 5A); 9) forefemur on anterior surface with long blunt setae at middle (Fig. 5A); 10) patella-tibial suture present; 11) distal margin of terga with elongated triangular spines (Fig. 6A). Etymology The name ʻ Amazonas ʼ was given to native South American women after they attacked a conquest expedition. This species is named in honor of these brave native women. Name in apposition. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL • nymph on slide; Roraima, Caroebe, River Caroebe, vicinal 05; 00°54′47.3″ N, 59°34′19.9″ W; 19 Mar. 2013; P.V. Cruz, N. Hamada, R. Boldrini and G. Petronilo leg.; sand; INPA. Paratypes BRAZIL • 14 nymphs; same collection data as for holotype; INPA • 2 nymphs on slide; same locality as for holotype; 12 Mar. 2018; P.V. Cruz and I.O. Fernandes leg.; sand; INPA. Additional material BRAZIL • 4 nymphs; Roraima, BR-170, 41 Km turn to BR-432, old bridge, right from Vila de Santa Rita; 02°08′59.9″ N, 60°40′39.9″ W; 28 Mar. 2012; P.V. Cruz, N. Hamada, R. Boldrini and G. Petronilo leg.; sand; INPA • 3 nymphs; Roraima, Pacaraima, River Ereu; 04°02′02.9″ N, 61°23′09.5″ W; 26 Mar. 2012; P.V. Cruz, N. Hamada, R. Boldrini and G. Petronilo leg.; INPA • 3 nymphs; Roraima, São João da Baliza, Ramal 27, stream Lajinha; 01°00′59.7″ N, 59°55′53.1″ W; 24 Mar. 2012; P.V. Cruz, N. Hamada, R. Boldrini and G. Petronilo leg.; INPA • 1 nymph; Roraima, Caroebe, Ramal 37, River Caroebe, Cachoeirinha farm; 00°57′09.2″ N, 59°37′00.5″ W; 23 Mar. 2012; P.V. Cruz, N. Hamada, R. Boldrini and G. Petronilo leg.; INPA. Description Nymph LENGTH. Body, 3.3–3.5 mm. HEAD. Antenna. Scape and pedicel with spine-like setae; flagellum with minute spines on apex of each segment. Labrum (Fig. 4A). Rectangular, length about 0.6× maximum width; distal margin straight, one row of robust, distally bifid, eventually pectinated, setae from lateral to middle of distal margin; one row of thin bifid setae on distal margin not reaching distolateral margin; dorsal surface, near distal margin, with one row of thin setae, and many thin setae over surface (not illustrated). Left mandible (Fig. 4B). Incisors partially cleft in two sets (fused at basal third); outer and inner sets of incisors respectively with 4 + 3 denticles, outer incisor with spine-like process; prostheca robust and pectinated; margin between prostheca and mola straight; tuft of spine-like setae at base of mola present; subtriangular process wide; denticles of mola constricted; mola with one large denticle; outer margin convex. Right mandible (Fig. 4C). Incisors fused at base; outer and inner sets of incisors respectively with 3 + 3 denticles, outer incisor with spinelike process; prostheca stout, bifurcated at apex, inner lobe longer; margin between prostheca and mola almost straight; tuft of spine-like setae at base of mola present; denticles of mola not constricted; apex of mola with one simple setae; first process of mola rounded, second expanded and straight; outer margin convex. Maxilla (Fig. 4D–E). Maxillary palp 1.7× length of galea-lacinia; segment II 1.1× length of segment I; segment II inner margin straight, outer margin on apex straight, reduced apical lobe; ventral canine enlarged, not laterally expanded; set of distal setae of inner-ventral row rounded. Hypopharynx (Fig. 4F). Lingua longer than superlingua, sub-quadrangular without distomedial projection covered by tuft of simple setae; superlingua with rounded outer margin; short, thin, simple setae scattered over distal margin of lingua and superlingua. Labium (Fig. 4G–H). Glossa oval, slightly broad at base, distally rounded, shorter than paraglossa; inner margin without row of setae; ventral surface covered by thin setae; dorsal surface with inner arc close to inner margin, and outer arc not sinuous and close to outer margin; one small robust blunt seta on apex. Paraglossa curved inward; apex with one row of robust and long spine-like setae; outer margin without setae; dorsal surface with two longitudinal rows of setae, one near to inner margin, one near to outer margin, distally with long robust setae; ventral surface with one row of five setae near to ventral margin. Labial palp with segment I 0.8× length of segments II and III combined; inner distal protuberance of segment II rounded, with almost straight distal margin, covered with thin setae; segment III robust, conical, and apically pointed; outer margin with short thin setae, dorsal surface with one row of short spine-like setae near inner margin, ventral surface with one row of setae. THORAX. Foreleg (Fig. 5A–C). Femur length about 2.6× maximum width; dorsal row of setae from distal half to apex; anterior surface with one medial row of long blunt setae, one row of short blunt setae near dorsal margin; posterior surface with one row of long spine-like setae near ventral margin from base to apex, and one medial row of long spine-like setae. Tibia. Dorsally bare; ventral margin with one row of long spine-like setae, patella-tibial suture present. Tarsus. Ventral margin with one row of spine-like setae. Tarsal claws 0.4× length of tarsus, with two rows of conical denticles not reaching apex. Hind leg (Fig. 5D–E). Femur anterior surface with one row of spine-like setae near dorsal margin reaching apex, one row of long spine-like setae near ventral margin reaching apex, one row of spine-like setae near middle; posterior surface with one row of spine-like setae near ventral margin from base to apical third. Tibia. Dorsally bare; ventral margin with one row of small blunt setae, patella-tibial suture present. Tarsus. Ventral margin with one row of small blunt setae. Tarsal claws 0.4× length of tarsus, with two rows of small conical denticles not reaching apex. ABDOMEN. Terga (Fig. 7) with all segments white (color lost in alcohol), terga I–IX with two small medial dots, sometimes dots absent; tergum I with one large dot on disto-lateral margin (rare); eventually tergum II, III and IX darker or with large brown pigmentation; terga III and VI with one large medial mark near distal margin; terga VI and VII with disto-lateral transversal brown mark (rare). Posterior margin of terga with elongated triangular spines (Fig. 6A). Gills oblong, longer than next segment, with one medial trachea pigmented. Paraproct (Fig. 6B) with nine to eleven marginal spines, posterolateral extension with spines (broken in holotype and illustrated). Cerci (Fig. 6C) with lateral spines on every segment. Paracercus (Fig. 6D) without spines. Comments The differences in deepness of the curvature of the distal lobe on the maxillary palp segment II is related to the slide artifact (Fig. 4E).Published as part of Cruz, Paulo Vilela, Boldrini, Rafael, De Lima, Cláudia R. T. & Hamada, Neusa, 2022, It is a mess! How many species are in Rivudiva trichobasis Lugo- Ortiz & McCafferty, 1998 (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)?, pp. 153-191 in European Journal of Taxonomy 789 (1) on pages 162-164, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2022.789.1639, http://zenodo.org/record/596540
Data for: Comparison of treatment indices associated with the correction and lengthening of deformities along various lower limb frontal plane directions
No full textBack ground and Teratment of external fixatio
Letter, [Author unclear] to Paulina T. Merritt
No full textHandwritten letter to Paulina Merritt from an unknown author, October 1, 1876.
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