171 research outputs found
Studying Economics as War Effort: The First Economic Treatise in the Ottoman Empire and its Militaristic Motivations
No full textThe introduction of post-Smithian economics into the Ottoman Empire in the early nineteenth century was primarily militaristically motivated. The first known treatise of economics in Ottoman-Turkish is a manuscript, entitled Risâle-i Tedbîr-i Ûmrân-ı Mülkî (A Treatise on the Administration of the Prosperity of the Country/State, c.1835), written exclusively for the Ottoman political-military elite. The manuscript is based mostly on Jean-Baptiste Say’s Cours complet d'économie politique pratique (1828-29). The anonymous author of this 84-page manuscript begins the text with the argument that military technologies and institutions got more sophisticated in modern times and the necessary institutional upgrading to catch up with these changes created a heavy burden on central state finances. This new discipline, i.e. economics, according to the author, provides statesmen with new scientific principles for organizing an effective war economy. Focusing on the militaristic objectives and content of the first known example of the Ottoman-Turkish economic literature, this paper examines the relationship between war and economics in the early nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire. It also sheds light on the linguistic and cultural dynamics of the transmission of economic ideas into the Ottoman Empire
Studying Economics as War Effort: The First Economic Treatise in the Ottoman Empire and its Militaristic Motivations
No full textThe introduction of post-Smithian economics into the Ottoman Empire in the early nineteenth century was primarily militaristically motivated. The first known treatise of economics in Ottoman-Turkish is a manuscript, entitled Risâle-i Tedbîr-i Ûmrân-ı Mülkî (A Treatise on the Administration of the Prosperity of the Country/State, c.1835), written exclusively for the Ottoman political-military elite. The manuscript is based mostly on Jean-Baptiste Say’s Cours complet d'économie politique pratique (1828-29). The anonymous author of this 84-page manuscript begins the text with the argument that military technologies and institutions got more sophisticated in modern times and the necessary institutional upgrading to catch up with these changes created a heavy burden on central state finances. This new discipline, i.e. economics, according to the author, provides statesmen with new scientific principles for organizing an effective war economy. Focusing on the militaristic objectives and content of the first known example of the Ottoman-Turkish economic literature, this paper examines the relationship between war and economics in the early nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire. It also sheds light on the linguistic and cultural dynamics of the transmission of economic ideas into the Ottoman Empire
Annotations : Dialogue français (role-play)
No full textAfin d'examiner la variabilité interlangue de pause silencieuse en situation de dialogue, nous avons constitué une base de données de dialogue. Ici il s'agit du dialogue simulé (role-play) se déroulant dans le cadre d'une requête-refus (request-refusal).Suite sur la page http://crdo.fr/wiki/crdo00073
Quantitative evaluation of radiation-induced metabolic changes in the ipsilateral breast by FDG-PET/CT
No full textLymph Node Oligometastasis from Rectal Cancer in Contact with the Bowel Treated with High-Dose Planned Adaptive Radiotherapy
Full text linkThe efficacy of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy for oligometastases has been reported. However, there are no reports of oligometastatic lymph nodes in contact with the bowel being successfully treated with high-dose adaptive radiotherapy. A 61-year-old woman with oligometastatic pelvic lymph node after resection of rectal cancer was treated with high-dose planned adaptive radiotherapy using helical tomotherapy. Because the lymph node was in contact with the bowel, high-dose conventionally fractionated planned adaptive radiotherapy was used instead of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy to avoid bowel side effects such as perforation. Five years after radiotherapy, there is no recurrence and no adverse events. High-dose adaptive planned radiotherapy may become an alternative curative treatment for oligometastases in lymph nodes in contact with the bowel
Ruby in a nutshell: a desktop quick reference
No full textRuby is an absolutely pure object-oriented scripting language written in C and designed with Perl and Python capabilities in mind. While its roots are in Japan, Ruby is slowly but surely gaining ground in the US. The goal of Yukihiro Matsumoto, creator of Ruby and author of this book, is to incorporate the strengths of languages like Perl, Python, Lisp and Smalltalk. Ruby is a genuine attempt to combine the best of everything in the scripting world. Since 1993, Ruby mailing lists have been established, Web pages have formed, and a community has grown around it. The language itself is very good at text processing and is notable for its broad object orientation. Ruby is portable and runs under GNU/Linux (and other Unices) as well as DOS, MS Windows and Mac. With Ruby in a Nutshell, Matsumoto offers a practical reference to the features of this new language including the command-line options, syntax, built-in variables, functions, and many commonly used classes and modules. This guide covers the current stable version of Ruby (1.6), yet is applicable to the development version 1.7 and the next planned stable version 1.8. You will find a thorough description of Ruby's language syntax, and a description of the core functionality built into the standard Ruby interpreter, which has more than 800 built-in methods in 42 classes and modules
Making a Network Orchard by Adding Leaves
Full text linkPhylogenetic networks are used to represent the evolutionary history of species. Recently, the new class of orchard networks was introduced, which were later shown to be interpretable as trees with additional horizontal arcs. This makes the network class ideal for capturing evolutionary histories that involve horizontal gene transfers. Here, we study the minimum number of additional leaves needed to make a network orchard. We demonstrate that computing this proximity measure for a given network is NP-hard and describe a tight upper bound. We also give an equivalent measure based on vertex labellings to construct a mixed integer linear programming formulation. Our experimental results, which include both real-world and synthetic data, illustrate the efficiency of our implementation
Linear Time Algorithm for Tree-Child Network Containment
No full textPhylogenetic networks are used to represent evolutionary scenarios in biology and linguistics. To find the most probable scenario, it may be necessary to compare candidate networks, to distinguish different networks, and to see when one network is embedded in another. Here, we consider the Network Containment problem, which asks whether a given network is contained in another network. We give a linear-time algorithm to this problem for the class of tree-child networks using the recently introduced tree-child sequences by Linz and Semple. We implement this algorithm in Python and show that the linear-time theoretical bound on the input size is achievable in practice.Accepted author manuscriptDiscrete Mathematics and Optimizatio
Dual-energy spectral CT for the evaluation of cancellous bone metastasis treated by stereotactic ablative radiotherapy
No full textDTI-Guided Hypofractionated IMRT for Large Brain Metastasis in Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Case Report
Full text linkBackground: The utilization of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-guided radiotherapy represents an innovative approach for detecting tumor invasion while minimizing radiation exposure to critical white matter tracts.
Objective Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a useful technique for visualizing white matter tracts adjacent to the tumor. The application of DTI in conjunction with radiotherapy for large brain metastases has not been reported. Therefore the current case report is discussing this health issue.
Method: This case report discussing a 62-year-old female patient underwent DTI-guided hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiation therapy for a metastasis measuring 4.5 centimeters from small-cell lung cancer in the left frontal lobe.
Results: The tumor showed complete radiological remission with no observed neurological sequelae or treatment-related toxicity.
Conclusion: DTI-guided radiotherapy has the potential to become a safe and effective treatment for large brain metastasis that are adjacent to matter tracts
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