1,050 research outputs found
Vernacular architecture inspires flood-proof housing
No full textUrbanisation in Southeast Asia has to cope with land subsidence, rain floods, clogged rivers, storm surges and typhoons. On particular locations, like in the deserted fish ponds in the Manila Bay Area in the Philippines, floating housing can be an attractive building style. PhD researcher Pieter Ham and Finch Floating Homes are inspired by centuries-old building technologies to design 21st century housing.Applied Mechanic
Pressure ulcers from spinal immobilization in trauma patients: a systematic review
No full textBACKGROUND: To protect the (possibly) injured spine, trauma patients are immobilized on backboard or vacuum mattress, with a cervical collar, lateral headblocks, and straps. Several studies identified pressure ulcer (PU) development from these devices. The aim of this literature study was to gain insight into the occurrence and development of PUs, the risk factors, and the possible interventions to prevent PUs related to spinal immobilization with devices in adult trauma patients.METHODS: We systematically searched PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, Cochrane, and CINAHL for the period 1970 to September 2011. Studies were included if participants were healthy volunteers under spinal immobilization or trauma patients under spinal immobilization until spine injuries were diagnosed or excluded. Outcomes of primary interest included occurrence, severity, and risk for PU development as well as prevention of PU development related to spinal immobilization devices.RESULTS: The results of included studies show an incidence of collar-related PUs ranging from 6.8% to 38%. Described locations are the occiput, chin, shoulders, and back. The severity of these PUs varies between Stages 1 and 3, and one study describes PUs requiring surgical debridement, indicating a Stage 4 PU. Described risk factors for PU development are high pressure and pain from immobilizing devices, the length of time in/on a device, intensive care unit admission, high Injury Severity Scores (ISSs), mechanical ventilation, and intracranial pressure monitoring. Preventive interventions for collar-related PUs include early replacement of the extrication collar and regular skin assessment, collar refit, and position change.CONCLUSION: The results from this systematic review show that immobilization with devices increases the risk for PU development. This risk is demonstrated in nine experimental studies with healthy volunteers and in four clinical studies
Recommendations for Improvement of the Building Design by Evaluating the Indoor Environmental Quality of the Pilot Floating House Project in Macabebe, the Philippines: floating house, the Philippines
No full textThis thesis aims to provide passive design recommendations to improve the design quality of low income houses in the Philippines, by evaluating the indoor environmental quality of the pilot floating house project. The pilot project is the result of researches carried out by Pieter Ham and Joran Van Schaik to find a solution for the housing backlog, poor living conditions and the seasonal natural disasters in the low lying areas of the Philippines. The thesis focuses on the indoor environmental quality, the thermal comfort of the pilot house. Prior to the field visit, the significant parameters for the in situ measurement and the comfort standards for the region are chosen by literature studies. A systematic measurement plan is made in order to perform in situ measurements and field study. The measurements are done for a period of nine days. In addition to this, one of the objectives of the research is to develop an economical measuring and remotely accessible monitoring device for the thermal comfort parameters. It is achieved by programming Raspberry Pi and DHT22 temperature and humidity sensor. Hypotheses are formulated after the field visit. Then the measured data is sorted systematically and analysed. This analysed data is further studied and the comfort performance of the house is compared with the comfort standards of the region. It is found that the performance is quite satisfactory for all the spaces in the house except the attic space, which has higher temperatures than the upper comfort level. Moreover the usability of the existing doors needs improvement in terms of controlling privacy and air velocity. For the improvements, it is envisioned to have minimal interventions to the existing design and construction. For this two options are put forward. Both the options are compared with the existing design by making DesignBuilder models. The simulation results of the models are compared to find the better performing strategy. Final design is made with the inference from the comparison of the simulation results, and visits to the local architecture. From the final design, the following design improvement recommendations are put forward for the housing type: “openings for ventilation at sleeping height in the attic floor” “openings at top of the roof to enhance stack effect” “collapsible doors with louvered shutters for providing users with more option in controlling air velocity and privacy”Finch Floating HomeArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Building Technology | Sustainable Desig
The Design, Construction and Evaluation of a Pilot Project of a Bahay Kubo Inspired Floating Home
No full textIn the overpopulated deltas of the Philippines people live in are-as that see floods regularly. The floods are being caused by a com-bination of tides, heavy rainfall and land subsidence. The demand for safe and affordable housing is immense, yet available dry land is scarce. By implementing floating homes in vacant former rice fields, demanded new building space is becoming available. To come to a sustainable design that fits in the Pampanga Delta, traditional building designs as the Bahay Kubo have been analysed. Many aspects of this design correspond with modern sustainable development goals. By means of parametric building simulations, key aspects of the Bahay Kubo have been used to provide the home with good performances in indoor climate and structural behavior. Now the first pilot building has been built, the home is being tested for validating the parametric models and to evaluate the building design. The first round of test results has led to proper insights in indoor climate, user friendliness, and affordability. Initial design improvements have been made and will be used in upcoming developments such as the construction of a floating neighborhood and the construction of floating classrooms.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Applied Mechanic
The design of a modular, amphibious structure for a flood and typhoon-prone municipality: Hagonoy, the Philippines
No full textIntroduction The daily life of inhabitants of Hagonoy, the Philippines, is affected by tidal and fluvial floods. Ground subsidence is the main cause of a worsening trend of these floods. Excessive uncontrolled groundwater subtraction creates a ground level decrease up to 5 cm per year. In combination with yearly six to nine typhoons raging over the country, this leads to unliveable conditions. In order to contribute to the improvement of living conditions of the inhabitants, a modular amphibious structure is designed to keep buildings above the water level. Part I -Background In order to design a suitable amphibious foundation for Hagonoy, a research is done into modular, circular building concepts. Hereby a desired translation of the Dutch building concept of Finch Buildings into a Filipino concept can be made. In combination with criteria concluded from research into floating behaviour of structures and from an analysis of the location, a number of criteria is listed, on which the design of the floating modules and the connections is based. Part II – Structural design By analysing and rating several floating construction types and connection types, a concept design for a modular prefabricated amphibious foundation is made. Timber frame, filled with recycled 200L barrels is the basis for a flexible building concept. Three scenarios in which the foundation must give a proper structural performance, are outlined. Due to change in water depth, the structure must be able to function in a dry, a just-floating and a floating position. Since this foundation must be able to carry varying configurations of buildings, multiple load cases can occur. The most unfavourable load cases occur during typhoons, due to high wind pressure and high and long wind generated waves. By creating a parametric visualization and calculation model, a first insight in dimensions, and width and length of the amphibious foundation is determined. This concept design for both foundation modules and connections between modules is elaborated more in detail. A timber structure of 1,20m x 2,40m holds eight 200L barrels in place. Due to brackish water, the timber structural elements must be protected against shipworm attack. In a brief research several possible solutions are described, of which wrapping structural elements with coir is determined to function best, according to previously stated criteria. In this design, barrels can be replaced in case of damages. Prefabricated foundation modules can be connected by a combination of a U-shaped bottom connection, and a relative fast fixable upper connection. By this connection a rigid wide body can be built in order to provide stability for all scenarios. Two case-studies, one being a foundation with a single building and the second being a foundation with a configuration of eight buildings, are tested by means of SCIA Engineer. For the foundation with a single building in floating position, deflections are too high due to extreme wind-generated wave loads. By increasing the width and length, deflections decreases. The largest bending moments and shear forces occur when the foundation with a configuration of eight buildings touches the soil on one side, due to a large heeling moment. These occurring bending moments and shear forces form an input for optimization of both the foundation module and the connection. In order to reduce the demand for groundwater, and thereby to contribute to reduce of ground subsidence, a design is made for making use of rainwater, and store it in the foundation. In addition waste water can be cleaned by integrated helophyte filters. Bamboo mooring piles create horizontal stability. By replanting bamboo, poles can be replaced over years. Part III - Conclusions A design for a prefabricated modular amphibious structure that is applicable in and adjusted to a flood and typhoon prone area, such as Hagonoy is delivered. Concluded from theory of floating behaviour and a rough cost estimation, a foundation for a single building is not recommended. In order to start building the pilot version, knowledge of actual behaviour of wind generated waves, optimization in the field of structural behaviour and costs are recommended.Building Engineering/Structural DesignStructural EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Stereoscopic PIV measurement in laminar rotating plane Couette flow
No full textPlane Couette flow with spanwise system rotation shows structures of streamwise-oriented roll cells that arise due to the instability by the Coriolis force when the system rotation is in the opposite direction to the mean flow vorticity. The momentum transport caused by such roll cell structures makes the flow tend to exhibit zero absolute vorticity. In the present study, stereoscopic PIV measurements in the rotating plane Couette flow were carried out in order to further illuminate the vortex structures and transport phenomena in this flow. The Reynolds stresses and some terms of its transport equation were evaluated to discuss the transport phenomena caused by the coherent structure. Furthermore, the wall shear stress was evaluated based on the measurement results of the Reynolds and viscous shear stresses and its variation with the system rotation rate is also presented
The design of a floating classroom for schools located in flood and typhoon-prone areas in South East Asia
No full textThis graduation thesis comprises a feasibility study and design of a floating classroom which can offer students a safe learning environment in typhoon and flood-prone areas by designing a classroom which is typhoon resilient with a floating foundation. This research is a follow-up study to the Finch Floating Homes project. One month of field research has provided more insight into the local problems in the schools, climate, materials and wishes from the school. These insights in combination with a literature study on school design, typhoon resiliency and indoor comfort are the basic principles for the design. Additional parameters are set up by analyzing the Finch Floating Home and the Makoko floating school and the design principles of the Finch’s buildings. In the design framework, there is a design analysis in which the choices for the design are explained followed by a structural analysis in which the design is tested for its resistance to high wind speeds that can occur with a typhoon and for its buoyancy by using the calculation software Technosoft and Axisvm. Also, passive design strategies which are implemented in the design are explained to make the classroom indoor comfortable. The result is a design of a floating classroom that is able to offer the students a safe and comfortable learning environment which is ready to be built.Finch Floating HomeArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Building Technolog
Pressure ulcers in trauma patients with suspected spine injury: a prospective cohort study with emphasis on device-related pressure ulcers
No full textOf all patients in a hospital environment, trauma patients may be particularly at risk for developing (device-related) pressure ulcers (PUs), because of their traumatic injuries, immobility, and exposure to immobilizing and medical devices. Studies on device-related PUs are scarce. With this study, the incidence and characteristics of PUs and the proportion of PUs that are related to devices in adult trauma patients with suspected spinal injury were described. From January–December 2013, 254 trauma patients were visited every 2 days for skin assessment. The overall incidence of PUs was 28·3% (n = 72/254 patients). The incidence of device-related PUs was 20·1% (n = 51), and 13% (n = 33) developed solely device-related PUs. We observed 145 PUs in total of which 60·7% were related to devices (88/145). Device-related PUs were detected 16 different locations on the front and back of the body. These results show that the incidence of PUs and the proportion of device-related PUs is very high in trauma patients
The Influence of Urban Design on the Micro-climate of the Floating Communities in the Hot-Tropical Region of Hagonoy in The Philippines
No full textAccording to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) ’s 2021 report, the recent sea level rate has nearly tripled in the last few decades compared with 1901-1971. It estimates that the sea levels may rise by 20 cm in the next thirty years or up to 80 cm by the end of 2100. The increase in sea levels poses serious questions and challenges to the housing infrastructure in flood-prone areas. Two locations that have been severely affected by the tidal and fluvial floods and typhoons are the provinces of Bulacan and Pampanga in the Philippines region. There is a ground level subsidence of up to 5cm per year because of the uncontrolled ground-water level conditions prevalent worsening the floods. The high levels of stagnant waters causes unsanitary conditions in these areas. In 2017, Pieter Ham, co-founder of Finch Floating Homes, developed a floating house model suitable for the Philippines’ climatic conditions. After the prototype construction was proven successful, they are now venturing into creating a floating neighborhood in Hagonany, located on the island of Luzon. This research topic aims to study the urban physics context of the floating homes neighborhood. Alazne Enchaniz Jurado, as part of her master thesis in 2021 at Delft University of Technology, designed resilient coastal neighborhoods for the city of Hagonoy, Philippines. After extensive research on the geographical, social, and cultural context, she designed floating neighborhood models suiting the needs and requirements of the people. However, the urban physics parameters of these concepts are to be further studied to determine the thermal and wind comfort of the occupants in the outdoor areas. This is because of the high-temperature tropical climate present in that region. Therefore, the primary focus of the present project, this MSc thesis, is to understand the role of urban physics in floating community development. It focuses on the influence of vegetation and urban form configurations on the outdoor thermal comfort and outdoor wind comfort of the open spaces, as they serve as the primary gathering locations for the residents. After analyzing the results, it concludes that increasing vegetation decreases the daytime temperatures, thereby improving the comfortability index. Additionally, the urban form also significantly plays a role in influencing the micro-climate of the region.Civil Engineering | Building Engineerin
Beperking schutwaterverlies door aangepast schutregime
No full textIn deze simulatie-studie is onderzocht in welke mate het schutwaterverlies beperkt kan worden door een aanpassing in de bediening van de sluis. Op kanalen en gekanaliseerde rivieren spelen steeds meer belangen een rol, met elk hun eigen waterbehoefte. Peilhandhaving, behoud van natte natuurwaarden, drinkwatervoorziening, water ten behoeve van de agrarische sector (bv. irrigatie) en industrie (bv. proces- en koelwater), water ten behoeve van het schutproces, aan al deze waterbelangen is in het landelijk beleid een prioriteit toegekend. Hierbij is o.a. de scheepvaart (i.c. het schutproces) een lage prioriteit toegekend. In droge perioden is het dus gewenst dat het schutverlies wordt gereduceerd. Het onderzoek heeft zich gericht op het toepassen van zogenaamde schutregimes met behulp van het simulatie-pakket SIVAK van de Rijkswaterstaat. Het doel van het instellen van een schutregime is de gemiddelde kolkbenutting te verhogen, zodat het zelfde aantal schepen in minder schuttingen wordt geschut. Als altematief zou een teveel aan schutverlies teruggepompt kunnen worden. Globaal wordt bekeken welk van de twee qua kosten de voorkeur heeft in verschillende situaties. Een schutregime is een pakket van voorwaarden waaraan voldaan moet worden, voordat een schutting uitgevoerd mag worden. De twee belangrijkste schutcriteria zijn het kolkbenuttings-criterium en het wachtcriterium. Het eerste stelt eisen aan het in te nemen kolkoppervlak door de wachtende schepen (indien dit te laag wordt bevonden, wordt een schutting vooralsnog uitgesteld), en het tweede verbind een maximum aan de wachttijd voor de schepen. Tijdens het beoordelen van de kolkbenutting wordt gebruik gemaakt van zogenaamde vergelijkings-types, die het aanbod van schepen aan beide zijden van de sluis wegen en samenstellen tot een kolkbenuttingsgraad. De drie typen zijn lineair, blok en ellips, en in deze studie werd eveneens bekeken of een van deze drie lijntypes als 'beste' systeem-parameter gekozen kon worden. Het spreekt voor zich dat het toepassen van een schutregime dus tot langere wachttijden leidt. De scheepskosten zullen dan ook stijgen. Het opgeven van een maximale wachttijd zorgt ervoor dat deze kostenstijging niet buiten proporties zal zijn. Verder kan 'voorkennis' een beperkende invloed op de kostenstijging hebben. In een schutregime moet opgegeven worden of een sluismeester wel of geen voorkennis omtrent de in aankomst zijnde schepen heeft. Indien dit het geval is, zal een schutting die aan beide criteria (kolkbenutting- en wacht-) niet voldoet toch plaatsvinden als er binnen de resterende wachttijd geen schepen meer zullen arriveren. In deze studie wordt onderzocht wat het effect van schutten met voorkennis is op het schutverlies en de scheepskosten. Voor de selectie van vaarwegklassen en type sluizen is eerst gekeken naar de Nederlandse situatie: welke delen in het land en welk type vaarwegen hebben te maken met droge periodes, waarin het toepassen van een schutregime zinvol of wenselijk kan zijn. Hieruit kwam naar voren dat met name bij de Midden Limburgse en Noord-Brabantse kanalen de problematiek van 'waterschaarste' en te reduceren schutverliezen actueel is. Het betrof klasse II en klasse V vaarwegen, zodat de keuze gemaakt is om voor deze vaarwegklassen simulaties uit te voeren. Hiertoe zijn twee model-sluizen gedefinieerd, respectievelijk klasse II en klasse V, die karakteristiek zijn voor de hierboven genoemde kanalen. Tevens zijn van deze kanalen twee netwerken gemodelleerd, die eveneens gesimuleerd werden.Hydraulic EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience
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