1,721,125 research outputs found
Training for Defense:The Influence of Knowledge About Influencing Strategies on Phishing Email Recognition Accuracy
No full textPhishing can cause severe security breaches and its frequency and diversity has rapidly increased. Current countermeasures consist mostly of training users in identifying phishing emails by their appearance. However, we argue that in the long run the effect of such trainings will be limited because phishers rapidly evolve their email design and this makes phishing attacks unrecognizable. Still, phishing emails have a universal characteristic: They attempt to influence the users to perform certain behaviors using influencing strategies. Thus, we argue that training users in recognizing the influencing strategies used by technology helps them to defend themselves against (even very advanced, visually unrecognizable) phishing emails. In this study, we randomly assigned 151 participants to two groups (trained on influencing strategies vs. trained on the history of emails). Our learning material was a six-minute training video. After watching the video, participants were presented with a series of emails that contained influencing strategies. These emails were followed by questions about recognition of influencing strategies and the user’s behavioral intentions towards the email. Results provided no evidence that a participant’s intension of clicking on links was influenced by the influencing strategy training video. Importantly, results did show that participants who had watched the influencing strategy training video, correctly recognized more influencing strategies in emails. Also, participants who recognized the use of manipulation techniques in emails, intended to click on less links. These results open a new line of defense against persuasive technology: harnessing users by training them in influencing strategy recognition.</p
Credibility in Persuasive Systems:A Systematic Review
No full textCredibility of systems is important in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) and when designing persuasive systems. Still, the role of credibility in the design of persuasive systems remains unclear. To date, there has not been a systematic review examining the concept of credibility in persuasive systems. Therefore, this study presents a systematic literature review of primary empirical studies published from 2011 to 2020 that examined credibility within the context of persuasive systems. A total of 41 publications were reviewed. Overall, the results highlight the trends of credibility research, the theoretical frameworks that have been used to examine credibility, the research methods used in credibility studies, as well as the antecedents, and consequents of credibility in persuasive systems’ context. Majority of the reviewed studies pursued a correlational research approach as opposed to testing theories through experimental studies. While giving little attention to user characteristics and how they influence the relationship between credibility and its antecedents, existing studies have also barely examined the influence of system features as antecedents. Based on these findings, we argue that existing theoretical frameworks do not provide adequate directions for implementing credibility features in system design. Future research should therefore conduct more experimental studies and provide directions for how credibility features can be implemented in system design
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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