1,721,052 research outputs found
Killing, domesticating or feeding the snake: the implementation of the Europe 2020 anti-poverty component at the national level
No full textA social-friendly institutional re-articulation of the novel Europeanised space of interaction requires the construction of a EU “social space” in order to effectively “nest” national welfare states within the overall spatial architecture of the EU (Ferrera 2009). This has necessarily to be a gradual and complex process since it involves a great number of institutional, political and social actors in a multilevel framework. Moreover, potential tensions may arise along three main dimensions: 1) at the EU level, between economic and social objectives, 2) between supranational and national institutions, with particular reference to the potential conflict between Member States’ social sovereignty/discretion and EU’s regulation, and 3) among Member States regarding the size and mechanisms of cross-national transfers – i.e. “rich” vs “poor” countries.
At least to date and with regard to the “core” – that is, the statutory, public, first pillar - national social protection schemes – the emergence of a supranational social space has acknowledged and respected national sovereignty, relying on “soft” governance processes and being heavily dependent on MS’ willingness to comply with established procedures. The main exceptions have been the coordination regime for social security benefits for mobile EU citizens (Van der Mei 2003; Benton 2013) and the non-discrimination and equal treatment provisions in the EU legislation (e.g. Ellis 2005).
A realistic medium-term target for the consolidation of the EU’s social space might therefore be the introduction of some institutional wedges, forcing the Member States to align themselves loosely to a European “norm” regarding certain areas of social protection. We can see the setting of precise and measurable social targets within the Europe 2020 strategy as one of the first concrete steps in this direction. The novel European strategy does not only aim at fully integrating the social, especially anti-poverty, dimension within the governance architecture for economic coordination (the European Semester), but it also includes the fight against poverty among the highest policy and political priorities at supranational level with the setting of a common quantified anti-poverty target. On the negative side, however, the governance architecture of the Europe 2020 social dimension is relatively weak, though it is gradually becoming stronger (cf. Agostini et al. 2013, Jessoula et al. 2014a, 2014b, Zeitlin and Vanhercke 2014).
Against such backdrop, this chapter analyzes the implementation of the Europe 2020 anti-poverty strategy in five countries: Germany, Italy, Poland, Sweden, UK. It shows that relatively complex interactions along both the vertical (multi-level) and the horizontal (multi-stakeholder) axes unfolded in the four annual “cycles” (2011-14) after the launch of Europe2020. These interactions were mostly based on (more or less balanced) power relations, which imply both conflicts and cooperative behaviours aimed at some kind of exchange – either symbolic or material. Moreover, we may see the interactions as responses to EU’s attempt to introduce an institutional wedge in the field of anti-poverty policies: the target of lifting at least 20 million people out of poverty or social exclusion by 2020 – with the four related indicators of people “at risk of poverty or social exclusion” (AROPE), “at risk of poverty” (AROP), people in “severe material deprivation” (SMD) or leaving in “low work intensity households” (LWI)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Poverty and social inclusion as emerging policy arenas in the EU
No full textThe so-called ‘European Social Dimension’ has been the subject of a vast debate in the past couple of decades. The literature tends to be divided between cautious optimism and Euro-pessimism. The optimists point to the purposeful autonomy of key institutions in Europe’s ‘multilevel’ polity and the gradual ‘socialization’ of the EU regulatory order. The pessimists argue instead that economic integration has contributed to the ‘opening’ of the European economy and the breaking down of the borders of trade competition while contributing little to new institution building, especially in the social sphere. For a long time, pessimists have seen the asymmetry between market-making ‘negative integration’ and market-correcting ‘positive integration’ as conducive to perverse effects (Scharpf, 1999). They have often evoked such effects in the debate with the notions of ‘social dumping’, ‘social devaluations’ or a ‘race to the bottom’ between different member states in terms of welfare standards and corresponding tax levels
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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