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Annomus Halstead 2020, new genus
No full textAnnomus Halstead, new genus Type species. Annomus bolivianus Halstead, new species, here designated. Discussion. Two specimens (male and female) of a new, small Bolivian beetle belonging to the Silvaninae were kindly sent to the author by Dr. M. C. Thomas for study and description. The relationship with other genera within the subfamily is not clear. However, this new genus has head and pronotal puncturation that is reminiscent of the widespread Monanus (Monanus) concinnulus (Walker) and also several other members of this subgenus. Of course, the pronotum of Monanus species (both those of Monanus (Monanus) and Monanus (Monanops)) differs from that of the new genus in many characters including for example in having lateral marginal denticles, about 8–14, not 5 large teeth, and having quite different genitalia with a long and thin median strut (Halstead 1993), unlike the broad and relatively short one of Annomus. Diagnosis. Characters which, apart from the general facies probably have significance for recognition of other members of Annomus, include the following: male genitalia of similar form to that illustrated (Fig. 121–122); a pair of setae on each pronotal lateral tooth; large punctures producing reticulation on pronotum; eyes large and prominent, equally exposed above and below; tarsal formula 5-5-5, with tarsomeres 1–3 each produced below to form an obvious lobe (Fig. 120).Published as part of Halstead, David G. H., 2020, New and little known Coleoptera (Silvanidae: Silvaninae) from Central and South America, pp. 1-37 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (842) on page 33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.535410
The standard of excellence as adopted by the American Poultry Society,
No full textCover date, 1870."Compiled ... by A.M. Halstead."Mode of access: Internet.McGrew Collection
Annomus bolivianus Halstead 2020, new species
No full textAnnomus bolivianus Halstead, new species (Fig. 120–122, 126) Description. This description is based on two specimens, one of each sex, from the same locality and exhibiting very little variation in body measurements. Nevertheless, measurements are included for both, those for the holotype (male) first. Length 2.18 mm (both types the same length) length to breadth ratios, 28:10, 26:10; pubescence obvious; color dark brown. Head. Breadth (across eyes) to length ratio of both specimens, 10:15; sides in front of eyes gradually converging to rounded apex; margins slightly raised above antennal insertions; eyes extremely large and very prominent; temples virtually absent; pubescence semi-recumbent directed towards middle from each side, particularly on vertex; vertex densely punctured with large, shallow punctures each with central seta, as on pronotum; antennal length to total body length ratios, 10:30, 10:25, apical antennomeres 9–11 forming a club, antennomere 8 smaller than 7 and 9, 4 shorter than 3, scape moderately robust, base hidden; maxillary and labial palps as in Silvanus spp. (Halstead 1973). Pronotum. (Fig. 120) Broader than long, greatest breadth excluding teeth to length ratios, 11.7:10.0, 12.6: 10.0; sides with 5 teeth, those at anterior and posterior angles not as prominent as others, each tooth with two long apical setae; densely punctured as on vertex of head; transverse somewhat oval depression present medially at basal quarter. Scutellar shield. Broad. Elytra. Length (both types) 1.7× maximum breadth; sides gradually tapered to apices, outer margins with a row of fringing setae, coarser, more erect and prominent than others, becoming shorter towards apices; strial punctures deep with area around each shallowly depressed, forming 9 rows of strial punctures on each elytron, 7 visible in dorsal view plus 2 before the lateral margin, punctures gradually becoming smaller after basal third and becoming indistinct towards apices (part of rows on basal third illustrated on Fig. 120, for details see Fig. 126). Thoracic sterna. All parts densely punctured (particularly the mesosternal process) consisting of large punctures separated by less than one diameter. Legs. Tarsomeres 1–3, produced below, each forming a conspicuous lobe; protibiae abruptly expanded on apical half (Fig. 120). Procoxal cavites. Closed behind. First abdominal ventrite. Without femoral lines. Male genitalia. (Fig. 121–122) Parameres at outer side of apical half bent over towards middle and consequently apices appear pointed, each paramere with 3 setae on margin; median lobe large, shallowly emarginate at apex; median strut broad, parallel sided to rounded apex; internal sac with spines as illustrated, pair of pointed sclerites near apex before ejaculatory duct, without an armature of rods; sternite 8 bearing a few short setae at sides (Fig. 122). Material examined. Holotype (male) and paratype (female) both with same locality and collecting data, “ BOLIVIA: El Beni Beni Stn, Palm Camp NE San Borja, 25–30 July 1988. T. Erwin ex: Fogging canopy”. The holotype is deposited in the USNM; the paratype in the FSCA. The holotype also has the following determination label, “new genus new species Silvaninae det M. C. Thomas 2010”. Etymology. The generic name Annomus is an anagram of Monanus.Published as part of Halstead, David G. H., 2020, New and little known Coleoptera (Silvanidae: Silvaninae) from Central and South America, pp. 1-37 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (842) on pages 33-35, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.535410
Silvanolomus depressus Halstead 2012, sp. nov.
No full textSilvanolomus depressus sp. nov. (Figs. 2, 8–11) Type locality. Yemen, Socotra Island, Dixam plateau, Firmihin (Dracaena forest), 12°28.6′N, 54°01.1′E, 490 m. Type material. HOLOTYPE: dissected J (NMPC): ‘ YEMEN, SOCOTRA Island / Dixam plateau Firmihin (Dracaena forest) / 12°28.6′N, 54°01.1′E, 490m. / J. Bezděk leg., 15-16.xi.2010 ’. PARATYPE: 1 dissected ♀, with the same data as holotype (NMPC). Description (measurements/ratios given for holotype first): Body. Brown, vertex of head and disc of pronotum appearing flat. Length 2.0 mm, 2.2 mm; length: maximum elytral breadth ratios, 30.74: 10, 29.7: 10. Pubescence golden. Head. Length: breadth across eyes ratios, 10: 13.75, 10: 14.37; eyes very large and protuberant (as usual in the genus), separated across mid-line by ×4.8, ×5.0 breadth, length: breadth ratio 23.1: 10, 24.62: 10; antennal length about 1/3 body length; vertex almost flat, with puncturation coarsely reticulate. Pronotum. Length: maximum breadth ratio, 11.81: 10, 11.02: 10 i.e., slightly more elongate in male than in female seen (although possibly significant, similar sexual difference has not been observed in other Silvanolomus – more material is required for confirmation); puncturation as on vertex of head, coarsely reticulate; disc overall shallowly depressed (appearing almost flat at low magnification), depression deepest toward base; lateral margins with teeth obsolete, represented by six very small prominences (anterior and posterior angles included), most obvious in larger (female) specimen, coarse punctures at pronotal edge producing an uneven margin between prominences. Elytra. Slightly less than ×2 as long as broad, length: maximum breadth ratios, 18.4: 10, 18.1: 10; interstriae with setae arranged in alternate single and double rows, one row on 1 st (sutural) interstriae, two on 2 nd etc. Male genitalia (Figs. 10–11). Internal sac as in Fig. 10, usual form in Silvanolomus, rows of 11–13 obvious rods on each side towards ostium; median lobe somewhat triangular, apex rounded, row of setae across basal half; parameres, at about apical third tapered from distal margin to apex, bearing 5–6 long setae along apical margin, longest more than half as long as parameres, few short setae on distal half at beginning of taper. Differential diagnosis. This species differs from other described and new ones known to the author in having the pronotal disc shallowly depressed and appearing rather flat, and the head with the vertex comparatively flat. Other species have the pronotum and head obviously, transversely, moderately convex. Poorly developed pronotal teeth, although somewhat variable, are also a characteristic of S. inermis (Japan, China and Korea). In addition, this species has similar genitalia but they differ from those of the new species as follows: the median lobe appears more triangular (sides straighter) and the parameres more widely separated, more parallel sided and with the point of taper a little closer to the apex (cf. Figs. 11–12). Relatively poorly developed teeth are also present on the pronotum of S. pullus (distribution Africa and South Yemen) but teeth in this species are generally more easily distinguished from the smaller prominences between them. The male genitalia of S. depressus sp. nov. and S. pullus do not appear to differ in any significant way, suggesting that they are very closely related. However, separate species status has been given to the taxon based principally on the rather unique character provided by the shallowly depressed pronotal disc. Etymology. The name refers to the pronotal disc. Distribution. So far known only from the type locality in Socotra Island.Published as part of Halstead, David G. H., 2012, New species of Oryzaephilus and Silvanolomus from Socotra Island (Coleoptera: Silvanidae: Silvaninae), pp. 223-231 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 52 on pages 228-230, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.535429
Coccidotrophus wheeleri Halstead 2020, new combination
No full textCoccidotrophus wheeleri (Schwarz and Barber), new combination (Fig. 58–63, 67–69) Eunausibius wheeleri Schwarz and Barber 1921: 192 (paratypes examined). Description. This redescription is based on two paratypes, one of each sex. Measurements, ratios etc., are given for the male specimen first. Length 3.32 mm (male), 3.30 mm (female), length to breadth ratios, 53 and 51:10, Schwarz and Barber (1921) give length as 3.5 – 3.0 mm, breadth 0.75 – 0.60 mm (i.e., presumably ratios of 47 – 50:10); general appearance sub-cylindrical, color yellowish brown, shining, appearing glabrous. Head. Slightly longer than broad, margins in front of eyes sub-parallel before converging to front of head at midway; front of head weakly emarginate; obvious depressions present above insertion of antennae; eyes prominent, large with large facets, dorsal eye separation 6× breadth of eye in dorsal view; antennae robust, funicular segments transverse, club well developed with large segments; antennal grooves (beneath head) relatively long in comparison with head (Fig. 63); puncturation, moderately dense, less so between depressions, punctures include some paired ones also some arranged in short curved lines. Pronotum. Elongate, length to breadth ratio 14.5–15.0:10.0, sides almost straight from base of anterior angles to just before obtuse posterior angles, all margins with rim; disc with shallow longitudinal depressions on each side, deepest towards base; anterior angles weakly developed, very slightly produced forward, a very small depression encompassed by them (Fig. 58); median longitudinal line impunctate, elsewhere puncturation moderately dense, in general similar to that of C. socialis with punctures elongate, tending to be arranged in short lines some of them curved. Elytra. About 3 × as long as broad with narrow rim along suture and sides (Fig. 61). Legs. Male metafemora with small prominence on inner (proximal) margin and metatibiae with a small apical spine on proximal margin (Fig. 62); female without these characters. Abdomen. Femoral lines on first abdominal ventrite extending to about posterior quarter of ventrite; last abdominal ventrite convex medially, without a ridge along the edge. Male genitalia. (Fig. 67–69) Parameres rounded apically, 3 or 4 long setae at apex, group of very short setae along apical half of inner margins, many minute setae on surface as illustrated; median lobe with sides convergent to apex from basal half (it seems that apex has become bent over in preparation), irregular group of setae across middle; about 20 rods on each side of area towards ostium (Fig. 67); internal sac with various modified setae, as illustrated (Fig. 68); sternite 8 with a few short setae (Fig. 69). Material examined. One male and one female paratype, both with the same data labels: “Kartabo, Bartica Distr. Brit. Guiana W M Wheeler 1920 # 442 Aug 9 / wheeleri U. S. N. M. Paratype 24071 [red label]” (USNM). Additional types are in the USNM.Published as part of Halstead, David G. H., 2020, New and little known Coleoptera (Silvanidae: Silvaninae) from Central and South America, pp. 1-37 in Insecta Mundi 2020 (842) on pages 19-20, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.535410
Halstead Band, October 1875 Framed
No full textThis black and white photograph features Halstead in October 1875. Copy of old photo. Eleven men, wearing hats and suits, hold a variety of horns and one man holds a drum. Photo is labeled on front matte: Halstead Band - organized Summer 1875 - taken Oct. 1875. Names are listed on back of photo. Lewis Bush - leader; J. E. Ruth, E. V. Tyler, W. H. Black, L. D. Brewer, LeRoy Sweeny, Frank J. Mathies, Geo. A. Heinkle, James Ryan, M. D. Dugalls, W. O. Hinkle, D. Mathies.https://scholars.fhsu.edu/harvey/2707/thumbnail.jp
Long-term starvation and ageing induce AGE-1/PI 3-kinase-dependent translocation of DAF-16/FOXO to the cytoplasm
No full textBackground
The provision of stress resistance diverts resources from development and reproduction and must therefore be tightly regulated. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the switch to increased stress resistance to promote survival through periods of starvation is regulated by the DAF-16/FOXO transcription factor. Reduction-of-function mutations in AGE-1, the C. elegans Class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), increase lifespan and stress resistance in a daf-16 dependent manner. Class IA PI3Ks downregulate FOXOs by inducing their translocation to the cytoplasm. However, the circumstances under which AGE-1 is normally activated are unclear. To address this question we used C. elegans first stage larvae (L1s), which when starved enter a developmentally-arrested diapause stage until food is encountered.
Results
We find that in L1s both starvation and daf-16 are necessary to confer resistance to oxidative stress in the form of hydrogen peroxide. Accordingly, DAF-16 is localised to cell nuclei after short-term starvation. However, after long-term starvation, DAF-16 unexpectedly translocates to the cytoplasm. This translocation requires functional age-1. H2O2 treatment can replicate the translocation and induce generation of the AGE-1 product PIP3. Because feeding reduces to zero in ageing adult C. elegans, these animals may also undergo long-term starvation. Consistent with our observation in L1s, DAF-16 also translocates to the cytoplasm in old adult worms in an age-1-dependent manner.
Conclusion
DAF-16 is activated in the starved L1 diapause. The translocation of DAF-16 to the cytoplasm after long-term starvation may be a feedback mechanism that prevents excessive expenditure on stress resistance. H2O2 is a candidate second messenger in this feedback mechanism. The lack of this response in age-1(hx546) mutants suggests a novel mechanism by which this mutation increases longevity
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