1,720,960 research outputs found
: an overhaul of the last 5-years patents
No full textIntroduction: Human African Trypanosomiasis is a neglected disease caused by infection from parasites belonging to the Trypanosoma brucei species. Only six drugs are currently available and employed depending on the stage of the infection: pentamidine, suramin, melarsoprol, eflornithine, nifurtimox, and fexinidazole. Joint research projects were launched in an attempt to find new therapeutic options for this severe and often lethal disease. Areas covered: After a brief description of the recent literature on the parasite and the disease, we searched for patents dealing with the proposal of new antitrypanosomiasis agents and, following the PRISMA guidelines, we filtered the results to those published from 2018 onwards returning suitable entries, which represent the contemporary landscape of compounds/strategies against Trypanosoma brucei. In addition, some relevant publications from the overall scientific literature were also discussed. Expert opinion: This review comprehensively covers and analyzes the most recent advances not only in the discovery of new inhibitors and their structure-activity relationships but also in the assessment of innovative biological targets opening new scenarios in the MedChem field. Finally, also new vaccines and formulations recently patented were described. However, natural and synthetic compounds were analyzed in terms of inhibitory activity and selective toxicity against human cells
Identificazione, Quantificazione, Formulazione e Valutazione di attività biologiche di oli essenziali dall’Albania
No full textEssential oils are complex mixtures of biologically active substances used since a long time as flavouring agents and constituents of number of commercial products. Currently, their importance is more highlighted due to their increasing demand for food,
cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries. Recent scientific literature revealed the antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant potential of essential oils. In view of the multiple applications of essential oils, their characterization based on their chemical profiles, is of great importance.
On the other hand Albania is a very important country for Maps and their essential oils due to their high quality. Because of the lack of an accredited laboratory in the country the exporters trade them with low prices which are affected in the economy of the country. That’s why we analysed and validated a Gas/Fid method for Satureja Montana essential oil, in order to be able to analyze their chemical contents.
In the present study, some of most important MAPS of Albania were screened for the isolation of essential oils. The hydro-distilled essential oils were characterized for their physico-chemical and biological activities. GC and GC-MS analysis of the chemical constituents of the isolated oils mainly revealed the presence of monoterpene hydrocarbons, sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, oxygenated monoterpenes, and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. Satureja montana
The investigated essential oils exhibited good antioxidant, antifungal and antimicrobial activities as measured by different in-vitro assays and experimental models
THE EVALUATION OF RATIONAL USE OF SOME DRUGS IN ALBANIA
Full text linkObjective: The irrational use of medicines is a major problem worldwide. The irrational antibiotics are one of the causes of mortality and morbidityaround the world and the increasing of antimicrobial resistance too. The objective is to study the consumption of some reimbursement drugs, thestudy of consumption of main antibiotics in a few pharmacies in Tirana, Albania and at the same time, to study the knowledge of the random antibioticuse of patients in Tirana.Methods: Part I. There are five pharmacies randomly selected in Tirana, which are part this study. They accepted us to have access to a considerablenumber (2910) of reimbursement prescriptions, consumed in a total of 5 months. The medical prescriptions were analyzed for: (1) The average totalnumber of drugs prescribed; (2) The percentage of drug prescribed with the right generic name; (3) The percentage of antibiotics prescribed; (4) Thepercentage of injectable pharmaceutical forms prescribed; (5) The average cost of every reimbursement prescription. Part II. There are taken intoconsideration ten pharmacies located in the city of Tirana. The consumption and the knowledge of the patients about antibiotics were analyzed. Thedata are collected for a single month (May 2014). We took into consideration the entries of antibiotics and antimicrobials subtracting the presentstock of these drugs.Results: As we see from the results in there are 91.6% of reimbursement prescription prescribed in accordance with low Albanian Drug Regulation.The average number of drugs prescription is about 2 which means we have not overprescribed of drugs in reimbursement ones. The average ofthe percentage of injectable forms is 3.18, which is not very high too. Azithromycin has the highest consume, followed by amoxicillin, and thechloramphenicol has the lowest one. A high number of patients interviewed (in total 148 or 59.2%) are answered that they take antibiotics only witha medical prescription, and there were not a significant difference between female and males.Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that the drugs given in reimbursement prescription are generally in accordance with diagnosis andrational prescription. Further investigation is needed to analyze non-reimbursement prescription which do not have the some monitoring systemwhich means that may have more problems that reimbursement ones. The authorities must have under control the enforcement of regulation low fordrug purchasing process. On the other hand, we should sensibilize all the age groups to avoid self-medication especially with antibiotics which causethe resistance problems. The doctors should be careful not to prescribe the drugs by trade name respecting the proper protocols.Keywords: Rational use, Reimbursement drugs, Antibioti
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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