1,720,953 research outputs found
Immune Response after COVID-19 Vaccination in Elite Athletes
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic led to the development of new and different types of vaccines. These vaccines differ in mechanism, immunogenicity and reactogenicity and have been widely used in the adult population. However, there were concerns about their efficacy and the acceptability of their side effects in athletes. Therefore, this study investigates the immunogenicity and reactogenicity in elite athletes after COVID-19 vaccination and compares the responses between a double-dosed mRNA and a single-dosed vector vaccine.
The immune response was analysed in 72 athletes (56 mRNA (BNT162b2/mRNA-1273), 16 vector (Ad26.COV2.S) vaccinations). Blood samples were taken before the first vaccination, 14 days after the second mRNA vaccination and 21 days after the single Ad26.COV2.S vaccination. The long-term immune response was analysed 6 months after the last vaccination. The vaccine-induced immunoglobulin G antibody response, its neutralizing activity, CD 4 T-cells and CD 8 T-cells were assessed. Side effects, including time loss in training, were self-reported by the athletes.
Overall, the induction of immunoglobulin G antibodies was significantly greater with the double-dosed mRNA vaccines (5702 BAU/ml, p<0.001) compared to a single dose of Ad26.COV2.S (61 BAU/ml). In addition, the median neutralizing activity after mRNA vaccination was significantly greater (99.7%, p<0.001) than after the single-dosed Ad26.COV2.S vaccination (11%). This was also observed for CD 4 T-cells, which were induced significantly stronger by the mRNA vaccines (0.13%, p<0.001) than by the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine (0.05%), while the opposite was true for CD 8 T-cells (mRNA: 0.02%, Ad26.COV2.S (0.15%, p<0.001).
After reviewing the initial results, a booster immunisation was indicated for the Ad26.COV2.S sample. This was done with the BNT162b2 vaccine in 11 athletes. Two weeks after this booster immunisation IgG antibodies increased significantly to 3456 BAU/ml (p<0.001), as did the neutralizing activity of the antibodies (100%, p<0.001), CD 4 T-cells (0.13%, p<0.001) and CD 8 T-cells (0.43%, p<0.001).
The cumulative median time loss in training after the double-dosed mRNA vaccines was 2 days. Initially, the single-dosed Ad26.COV2.S vaccine also resulted in a median time loss of 2 days. The cumulative median time loss after Ad26.COV2.S and mRNA boost vaccination was 3 days.
Our results indicate that the immune response in competitive athletes after vaccination with Ad26.COV2.S results in a poorer immune response than after vaccination with mRNA vaccines. A booster vaccination after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination leads to a significant increase in immune parameters comparable to the initial immune response after mRNA vaccination. The effects of vaccination on training, as measured by the duration of training restrictions and the incidence of side effects, were comparable.Die COVID-19 Pandemie hat zu einer schnellen Entwicklung von neuen Impfstoffen geführt, die sich in Bezug auf ihren Mechanismus, ihre Immunogenität und die Reaktogenität unterscheiden. Die verschiedenen Impfstoffe wurden in der Erwachsenenbevölkerung in großem Umfang eingesetzt. Dennoch gab es Bedenken hinsichtlich ihrer Wirksamkeit und der Akzeptanz ihrer Nebenwirkungen bei Sportlern. In der vorliegenden Studie werden daher die Immunogenität und die Reaktogenität bei Leistungssportlern nach einer COVID-19-Impfung untersucht und die Reaktionen zwischen einer doppeldosierten mRNA-Impfung und einer einfachdosierten Vektor-Impfung (Ad26.COV2.S -Impfung) verglichen.
Die Immunreaktion wurde bei 72 Sportlern (56 mRNA- (BNT162b2/ mRNA-1273), 16 Vektor- (Ad26.COV2.S) Impfungen) analysiert. Die Blutproben wurden vor der Impfung, 14 Tage nach der zweiten mRNA- und 21 Tage nach der einmaligen Ad26.COV2.S-Impfung genommen. Zur Beobachtung der Langzeitimmunität wurde 6 Monate nach der letzten Impfung erneut Blut abgenommen. Anhand der entnommenen Blutproben wurden die Immunglobulin G (IgG) Antikörperreaktion, die neutralisierende Aktivität der Antikörper, CD 4 T-Zellen und CD 8 T-Zellen analysiert. Die Nebenwirkungen, einschließlich des Zeitverlusts beim Training, wurden von den Sportlern in einem Tagebuch dokumentiert. Insgesamt war die Induktion von IgG-Antikörpern bei einer doppelten Dosis mRNA-Impfstoff signifikant größer (5702 BAU/ml, p<0.001) als bei einer einzelnen Dosis Ad26.COV2.S (61 BAU/ml). Darüber hinaus war die mediane neutralisierende Aktivität nach mRNA-Impfstoffen signifikant höher (99,7 %, p<0.001) als nach der Ad26.COV2.S-Einzelimpfung (11 %). Dies wurde auch für die CD 4 T-Zellen beobachtet, die durch die mRNA-Impfstoffe signifikant stärker induziert wurden (0.13%, p<0.001) als durch den Ad26.COV2.S-Impfstoff (0.05%). Die CD 8 T-Zellen wurden durch die Ad26.COV2.S Impfung signifikant mehr induziert (0.15%) als durch die mRNA-Impfung (0.02%, p<0.001).
Nach einer vorläufigen Analyse wurde eine Auffrischungsimpfung für die Ad26.COV2.S-Stichprobe empfohlen. Diese wurde mit dem BNT162b2-Impfstoff bei 11 Sportlern durchgeführt. 2 Wochen nach der Auffrischungsimpfung stiegen die IgG-Antikörper signifikant auf 3456 BAU/ml an (p<0.001), ebenso die neutralisierende Aktivität der Antikörper (100%, p<0.001), die CD 4 T-Zellen (0,13%, p<0.001) und die CD 8 T-Zellen (0.43%, p<0.001).
Der kumulative mediane Zeitverlust beim Training nach den mRNA-Impfungen betrug 2 Tage. Auch die Einzeldosis des Ad26.COV2.S -Impfstoffs führte zunächst zu einem medianen Zeitverlust von 2 Tagen. Der kumulierte mediane Zeitverlust durch die Nebenwirkungen der Impfung betrug nach der heterologen Ad26.COV2.S und mRNA-Impfung 3 Tage.
Unsere Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass die Immunantwort bei Leistungssportlern nach der Impfung mit Ad26.COV2.S schlechter ausfällt als nach der Impfung mit mRNA-Impfstoffen. Eine Auffrischungsimpfung nach der Ad26.COV2.S-Impfung führt zu einem signifikanten Anstieg der Immunparameter, der mit der anfänglichen Immunantwort nach der mRNA-Impfung vergleichbar ist. Die Auswirkungen der Impfung auf das Training, gemessen an der Dauer der Trainingseinschränkungen und dem Auftreten von Nebenwirkungen, waren vergleichbar.Bundesinstitut für Sportwissenschafte
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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