1,721,400 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Near-peer teaching in clinical neuroanatomy
No full textBackground:? Near-peer teaching involves students being taught by more senior students and draws on their similar knowledge base and shared experiences. It has been used previously for teaching gross anatomy, but has not yet been reported specifically for neuroanatomy. At the University of Southampton there is no formal neuroanatomy teaching during the clinical years, and so a near-peer teaching programme was developed to support students, learning in between attending their clinical attachments.Methods:? A series of seven sessions were organised and delivered by two medical students throughout the 2010/11 academic year, and each session was evaluated by using participant feedback forms.Results:? Sixty feedback forms were returned by the students, giving an average rating for the overall quality of the sessions of 4.3 out of 5.0. There was an 18 per cent increase in the student’s perceived level of knowledge (p < 0.0001) as a result of our near-peer teaching sessions. The most common feedback received from our students related to the availability of handouts and expressions of gratitude.Discussion:? The results from this teaching development support the use of near-peer teaching in neuroanatomy. In this article we provide some evidence to suggest that students feel more confident with neuroanatomy after attending these sessions, and describe some unique advantages of this teaching programme over sessions led by faculty staff. The wider benefits to both faculty staff and student teachers are also considered
Identifying elective treatment of unruptured intracranial aneurysms using the Hospital Episode Statistics database
No full textIntroduction: the Risk of Aneurysm Rupture (ROAR) study is a UK multicentre natural history study to determine the risk of rupture from a known unruptured intracranial aneurysm (UIA). It will use national healthcare databases for patient follow up which will need to identify events of UIA treatment for censoring patients. This study was to establish the sensitivity of different codes to identify these treatments.Method: patients were identified at a single neurosurgery unit from records dated 2006-2020 and linked to the Hospital Episode Statistics – Admitted Patient Care (HES-APC) database. All cases underwent case note review to identify UIA treatments during that time. All HES episodes containing an OPCS4 code for aneurysm treatment underwent further individual case note review, recalling records from external providers as required.Results: 318 instances of elective UIA treatment were identified, of which 310 were found in the HES-APC database. The sensitivity of HES-APC for identifying elective UIA treatment is 95.6%, and the estimated sensitivity of combining HES-APC with neurosurgery unit electronic patient records, as will be done in the ROAR Study, is 99.88%. The L33 or O01-4 OPCS4 codes were used for 93.8% of elective aneurysm treatments in HES-APC.Discussion: the HES-APC database is an effective source for identifying elective UIA treatments, and its high sensitivity makes it ideal for long-term follow-up in the ROAR Study
Risk of subarachnoid haemorrhage reduces with blood pressure values below hypertensive thresholds
No full textBACKGROUND: hypertension is a known risk factor for subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between blood pressure and SAH using a large cohort study and perform a meta-analysis of the published literature.METHODS: participants in the UK Biobank were followed up via electronic records until 31 March 2017. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyse the association between baseline blood pressure (systolic blood pressure [SBP], diastolic blood pressure [DBP] and MABP [mean arterial blood pressure]) and subsequent aneurysmal SAH. Linearity was assessed by comparing models including and excluding cubic splines. Electronic databases were searched from inception until 11 February 2022 for studies reporting on blood pressure and SAH.RESULTS: a total of 500,598 individuals were included with 539 (0.001%) suffering from aneurysmal SAH. Nonlinear models including cubic splines visually appeared linear between SBP of 110 and 180 mmHg and there was minimal difference in fit between linear and nonlinear models. When values were stratified, those with SBP 120-130 mmHg were at higher risk compared to those with SBP <120 mmHg (hazard ratio [HR] 1.41 [1.02, 1.95]). The meta-analysis demonstrated a similar increased risk of SAH in individuals with SBP 120-130 mmHg relative to those with <120 mmHg (HR 1.41 [1.17, 1.72]). A stepwise increase in risk was also seen at each subsequent threshold (130-140 mmHg: HR 1.85 [1.53, 2.24], 140-160 mmHg: HR 2.16 [1.57, 2.98], 160-180 mmHg: HR 2.81 [1.85, 4.29], >180 mmHg: HR 5.84 [1.94, 17.54]).CONCLUSIONS: the rate of SAH increases linearly with higher SBP in the general population and specifically appears lower in those with SBP <120 mmHg.</p
Follow-up of arachnoid cysts: brain plasticity following surgery for arachnoid cysts
No full textImaging for arachnoid cysts (ACs) after surgery focuses on assessing for changes in cyst volume. Changes in volume are traditionally considered a marker of surgical success. This chapter provides an overview of relevant literature demonstrating that cysto-peritoneal shunting may provide a greater degree of cyst volume reduction than fenestration. However, multiple studies have demonstrated poor correlation between volume change and symptom improvement. The chapter will also discuss the timing of volume change post-operatively in cases of symptomatic ACs
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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