1,720,966 research outputs found
Understanding the Difference Between Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) to Better Inform Healing Approaches
No full textThis dissertation investigated the validity of Complex Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (CPTSD) as a separate diagnosis to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) specifically in the case of childhood interpersonal trauma. The current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) does not recognise CPTSD as a separate diagnosis to PTSD and the limitation to this exclusion is examined in this review. Specifically, this dissertation investigates the impact of exposure to early childhood interpersonal trauma in the context of deficiencies in the stress response systems, cognitive control, emotion regulation, and dissociation. Childhood trauma is shown to interrupt delicate neurosequential brain development, leading to developmental deficits in the neurobiology. Early adverse experiences are also regarded as the most dependable risk factor of adult psychopathology where the long-term impacts of adverse childhood experiences are closely linked to mental health and physical problems in adulthood. A traditional critical literature review was used to investigate the differences between CPTSD and PSTD and to explore the impacts of current practices. Current research supports the validity of the CPTSD diagnosis, where individuals who experienced adverse childhood experiences showed greater impairments compared to those with PTSD. This review includes 142 articles, books, reports and other pieces of literature, to gather current and seminal information about the topic. The limitations of PTSD interventions currently used on those with CPTSD have been analysed, where findings show that current PTSD treatments are not effective for addressing the extra interpersonal and emotion control issues seen in those with CPTSD. Working with complex trauma necessitates addressing the symptomology of CPTSD, which requires different approach methods to assist symptom reduction to facilitate recovery. Therefore, it is important to consider a CPTSD diagnosis to effectively evaluate and determine broader treatment interventions for adult survivors of childhood trauma
Best Practice for Historic Claims Staff: The Role of Professional Supervision
No full textThe Historic Claims process of the Ministry of Social Development in Aotearoa New Zealand aims to settle claims from adult survivors who experienced serious abuse whilst in State Care. The Historic Claims staff hear, support and assess the claims of claimants. Their roles involve listening to details of traumatic experiences of physical, mental, emotional, and sexual abuse. The purpose of this research was to explore the role of professional supervision in potentially preventing or mitigating vicarious trauma for Historic Claims staff. This research set out to answer the question of whether Historic Claims staff experience vicarious trauma as part of their professional duties. Additionally, this research explored the role of professional supervision as a support procedure to mitigate against vicarious trauma for Historic Claims staff.
A rapid narrative literature review was conducted to determine the potential impacts of consistent staff exposure to sensitive and disturbing historic claims of abuse. This research also investigated whether this impact could be defined as vicarious trauma, the benefits of professional supervision for Historic Claims staff as well as alternative and similar measures to mitigate the harms of vicarious trauma. A total of 86 articles were reviewed for this research with a condensed format that typically summarises the content of each article. Articles were inductively grouped together to present key findings.
Key findings included interchangeable definitions and use of vicarious trauma, secondary traumatic stress, and burnout. Findings from this research hypothesised that Historic Claims staff are more likely to experience vicarious trauma due to increased exposure to graphic details of traumatic experiences as reported by claimants. Empathic listening and witnessing claimant distress as they retell their experiences of emotional, mental, physical and/or sexual abuse can also have disturbing and upsetting impacts for Historic Claims staff. Several factors have been identified in this study that mitigate vicarious trauma along with the benefits of professional supervision to include cultural supervision.
Implications: The research has important implications for Māori and Pacifica people who are over-represented as claimants. Cultural supervision is an important factor in Aotearoa as well as areas to improve the effectiveness of professional supervision. Māori and Pacific models of trauma and health were also explored in the context of Aotearoa New Zealand. Traditional western focused approaches do not consider well enough Māori and Pacific ideologies of health and the historical context. Cultural competence and context are critical for trauma work, specifically for Historic Claims staff where the majority of claimants identify as Māori and/or Pacific Island descent. More research is needed to explore and protect trauma workers from undergoing psychological trauma that potentially affects client care.
Approaches to manage vicarious trauma included debriefing, accepting support from each other, engaging in more energy-fulfilling activities, eating well, staying hydrated and prioritizing sleep hygiene. Measures to guard against vicarious trauma included awareness and education, increasing self-awareness to prevent burnout, organisational support and professional supervision
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Supervision as cultural partnership: Contributions to dialogue
No full textThe term cultural supervision has been coined as part of a strategy that implicates supervision in the support and development of culturally appropriate therapeutic practice. In Aotearoa New Zealand particular focus has been given to supervision where the client is Māori and the practitioner is a member of the dominant Pākehā culture particularly, or of other non-Māori cultures. However, while the phrase cultural supervision has entered common professional parlance, the practice has had little research attention in counselling/psychotherapy in New Zealand. Cultural supervision appears to encompass a range of understandings, and there is no clear agreement about practice implications. It is unclear what alignment there is between aspirations, regulations, and practice. This article reports on an exploratory qualitative study that investigated how supervision might work in supporting culturally appropriate counselling practice in Aotearoa New Zealand. The study’s findings are presented as a multi-voiced dialogue. This arts-based representational practice enacts the uncertainties of post-colonial experience. Its intention is to make assumptions, ideas, and practices available for discussion. Its contribution is to join current dialogue about supervision and culture, and to raise further questions about how supervision and culturally appropriate practice come together
A Kaupapa Māori Study of Sibling and Whānau Relationships: A Pūrākau Approach
No full textSiblings share a unique and intricate relationship unlike any other that offers a link to the past and connection to the present. Typically raised alongside one another, individual roles within the shared experience naturally develop between siblings and may alternate between adversary and ally. This dissertation investigates aspects of sibling relationships and their whānau using Kaupapa Māori as a methodological approach, drawing on traditional pūrākau as a qualitative method of inquiry. The study suggests that as a lifelong connection the sibling relationship informs the emotional and cognitive development of tamariki (children) within a whānau context.
An examination of the pūrākau about Tangaroa atua (god) of the moana, his siblings and wider whānau informs this study. Important mātauranga reveals ancient themes which are relevant and applicable to understanding the dynamics of siblings through a contemporary lens.
Implications for child psychotherapy are considered and psychotherapists are encouraged to engage with traditional knowledge articulated in pūrākau. The inclusion of this mātauranga informs relevant and responsive healing practices for mokopuna and whānau Māori
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Mai i te Puna Whakaaro ki te Pūwaha o te Arawai
No full textThe Waikeria hapū groups the Mana Whenua-Ahi Kā faced two central crisis in the Ara Poutama Aotearoa Department of Corrections (APADoC) system. The high Māori reoffending rates and that nearly all prisoners had mental health or addictions disorders or both in their lifetime. APADoC responded with ‘Hōkai Rangi’, the five-year strategic plan to find new ways of doing things to achieve better outcomes with Māori and their whānau. Central to this plan is for APADoC to work in Crown-Māori partnership for the wellness and wellbeing of the people in their care and management and their whānau.
The aim of the research was to understand the foundational dimensions of the mental health and addiction service at Waikeria prison from the perspective of the local hapū people, the Mana Whenua-Ahi Kā, who led the co-design.
The research is qualitative using kaupapa Māori methods for collection and analysis of the principle of Āta, Pūrākau, Te-Āta-Tū Pūrākau and Thought Space Wānanga. The five Mana Whenua-Ahi Kā research participants pūrākau were rich and indepth of their lead of co-design for the Foundation Document with APADoC staff. The pūrākau provided understanding of the Mana Whenua-Ahi Kā partnership and relationship with APADoC.
Co-design with the Kaupapa Māori approach was led by the Mana Whenua-Ahi Kā as a APADoC partner. The co-design of the Foundation Document for the care of tāne incarcerated in Waikeria prison and their whānau is based on tikanga, mātauranga Māori, and Te Ao Māori which includes Te Ao Wairua.
The findings of this research are the foundational relationship for Mana Whenua-Ahi Kā with APADoC was their whakapapa to Waikeria whenua. The development of the Foundation Document has reaffirmed Mana Whenua-Ahi Kā self-determination over the Waikeria whenua that they have always held control over. The Mana Whenua-Ahi Kā expectations require APADoC to demonstrate a genuine commitment to maintain and sustain Te Ao Māori, tikanga and mātauranga Māori evident in the Foundation Document.
A key recommendation from this study is to ensure that APADoC have their own kaumatua; a kaumatua to guide APADoC at all times in interactions with Māori such as Mana Whenua-Ahi Kā
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Tōku Reo, Tōku Whakāetanga, Tōku Mana: My Voice, My Informed Consent
No full textBased on a balanced and fair understanding of what is involved throughout the research process, informed consent acts as an agreement for participants to be fully informed about a research study before deciding to participate. This kaupapa Māori research explored the perspectives and understandings of seven rangatahi aged between 13 and 17 years from a secondary school in Tamaki Makaurau about the informed consent process in research studies. The aim was to understand how the informed consent process is interpreted by rangatahi and the factors that contribute to their decision to participate in research. A focus group was carried out with the rangatahi to elicit their views on the kaupapa and create healthy kōrero amongst peers. This research sits within a kaupapa Māori paradigm and uses cultural values to underpin every aspect of the research; thus, ensuring a safe research for rangatahi and making certain their voices are heard. This research demonstrates the importance of carrying out research with rangatahi that provides information which uses youth-friendly terminology and is conducted in a mana-enhancing way. The thesis demonstrates that rangatahi are very much autonomous and make decisions in their everyday lives. Therefore, it is important for researchers to acknowledge young people’s decision-making skills and provide a process that allows them to be fully informed and reduce barriers put in place that jeopardises their autonomy. Several recommendations were identified by rangatahi to improve the informed consent process carried out with young people. These recommendations will help rangatahi gain a better understanding of why they choose to consent or not-consent to participate in research, and increase the rigour of research because rangatahi become more comfortable and familiar with the research aims. Overall, this research has been gifted with useful messages for researchers to create an informed consent process that would be more beneficial for both rangatahi and researchers in the coming times.
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