222 research outputs found
Correction: Ultra-fast and highly sensitive enzyme-free glucose biosensing on a nickel–nickel oxide core–shell electrode
No full textCorrection for ‘Ultra-fast and highly sensitive enzyme-free glucose biosensing on a nickel–nickel oxide core–shell electrode’ by Halima Begum et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 3554–3562.</p
Improving access to housing for low-income communities in Dhaka: From rhetoric to reality in community participation
No full textThe research explores how community participation can address affordable housing problems of the poor in Dhaka. The research, based on extensive interviews, community focus groups and household surveys in different Dhaka slums, identifies the limiting factors to promote community participation in affordable housing creation. In Dhaka housing options for poor are currently limited to affordable shelters in informal settlements. Public housing programs have failed to reach the poor and meet affordability levels due to a number of factors including lack of beneficiary participation. Beneficiary participation, though widely recognized for success in housing initiatives, often deteriorates in process of implementation into mere involvement, not reflecting community needs and aspirations and thus failing to meet its core objectives. This research identified the most significant impediments as well as opportunities to advance participation in their own housing provisions in Dhaka city
Characterization and Performances of Nanosized Bi-metallic Fe-based Zeolite Catalysts during Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO by NH3
No full text因應日益嚴重的一氧化氮汙染與更嚴謹之法律規範，相關於一氧化氮(DeNOx)去除技術的研發頗受重視，本研究論文即針對鐵基(Fe-based) ZSM-5沸石觸媒在選擇性催化還原(Selective Catalytic Reduction; SCR)反應之應用效能進行系列性探討，包括觸媒合成方法，物理化學特性鑑定及其在SCR反應之效能與機理等做深入比較與討論。論文內容主要由五個主要章節目次所構成。首章概略敘述現行所使用去除一氧化氮製程工序之相關策略、反應機理、觸媒種類及其相關特性以及本研究之目的等；第二章主要描述本研究論文之研究架構與實驗流程，並詳述觸媒合成程序，物理性質與化學性質之鑑定技術以及去除一氧化氮反應效能測試之設備與實驗步驟等；隨後第三、四、五章之內容則為本研究論文之結果與討論部分。第三章的主題在於比較並討論單金屬與雙金屬鐵基沸石觸媒之合成方式對SCR反應效能之影響。第四章則著重於探討鑭系金屬元素(Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm)摻雜之鐵基沸石觸媒之物化特性比較及其應用於一氧化氮去除的效能差異。第五章則針對觸媒擔體(即ZSM-5沸石)中矽鋁組成比例對SCR反應活性之影響進行討論。第六章為本研究論文之總結及未來研究展望。本研究論文所合成之觸媒皆經過系統性的鑑定，所使用的物化分析研究包含ICP-MS、XRF、XRD、BET、FE-TEM、H2-TPR、XPS、EPR、NH3-TPD、pyridine-FTIR以及固態27Al/31P MAS NMR等。研究發現雙金屬鐵基(CeFe-ZSM-5)沸石觸媒去除一氧化氮效能上普遍優於單金屬鐵基(Fe-ZSM-5)沸石，反應在350-500 oC下，去除率可達94%以上。吾人將雙金屬鐵基沸石觸媒優異的SCR反應活性歸因於由沸石擔體本身具備的強布朗斯特酸(Bronsted acidity)以及該單體在摻雜Fe、Ce等金屬後所引發之超強路易士酸(Lewis acidity)兩者的協同效應所致。In view of the stringent global regulation and increasing R&D demands in NOx removal (DeNOx), this thesis focuses on synthesis, characterization, and applications of Fe-based H-ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by NH3. This thesis mainly consists of five chapters: Chapter 1 provides an overview and the chemistry, strategy, mechanism, and solid acid catalysts involved in a DeNOx process. Chapter 2 contains experimental details, including catalyst preparation methods, characterization techniques, and experimental procedures invoked during this study. Chapter 3 compares the SCR performances of mono- and bi-metallic Fe-based ZSM-5 catalysts prepared by different methods. Chapter 4 describes the syntheses and SCR performances of Lanthanide metal (Ce, Pr, Nd, and Sm)-incorporated Fe-based ZSM-5 catalysts prepared by reflux method. Chapter 5 summarizes the effect of Si/Al ratio of zeolite support on SCR performances of CeFe-ZSM-5 catalysts prepared by impregnation method. The catalysts so prepared were characterized by a variety of analytical and spectroscopic techniques, such as ICP-MS, XRF, XRD, BET, FE-TEM, H2-TPR, XPS, EPR, NH3-TPD, Pyridine-FTIR, and solid-state 27Al and 31P MAS NMR. It is conclusive that bimetallic catalysts (such as CeFe-ZSM-5) normally exhibit higher NH3-SCR activity (> 94%) over the temperature range of 350-500 oCthan mono-metal catalysts (such as Fe-ZSM-5). The superior SCR activity observed for the bimetallic catalysts has been attributed, for the first time, to the synergistic effect of Bronsted acidity originated from the zeolite support and strong Lewis acidity induced by the incorporated metals.Contents
Page
Acknowledgements i
摘要 iv
Abstract v
Contents vi
Figure contents x
Scheme contents xv
Table contents xvi
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background and Overview 1
1.2 NOx Removal (DeNOx) 2
1.2.1 Selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) 3
1.2.2 Non-selective catalytic reduction (NSCR) 3
1.2.3 Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) 3
1.3 Catalysis and SCR Chemistry 4
1.4 DeNOx Catalysts 6
1.5 Zeolites 7
1.5.1 Introduction 7
1.5.2 Structures of zeolites 7
1.5.3 Catalytic properties of zeolites 9
1.5.4 MFI type of Zeolite, ZSM-5 11
1.6 Mechanism of NH3-SCR over H-ZSM-5 Catalyst 12
1.7 Motivation of Research 15
1.8 References 17
Chapter 2 Experimental 21
2.1 Chemicals 21
2.2 Preparation of Fe-Based ZSM-5 Catalysts 21
2.2.1 Impregnation method 22
2.2.2 MO-CVD method 22
2.2.3 CVD method 23
2.2.4 Modified CVD method 23
2.2.5 Reflux method 24
2.3 Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO by NH3 25
2.3.1 Experimental apparatus 25
2.3.2 Experimental procedures 25
2.4 Characterization techniques 27
2.4.1 Inductively coupled plasma–mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) 28
2.4.2 X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) 29
2.4.3 X-ray diffraction (XRD) 30
2.4.4 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) 31
2.4.5 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms 32
2.4.6 Field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM) 33
2.4.7 Temperature programmed reduction (TPR) 34
2.4.8 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) 35
2.4.9 Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (SS-NMR) 35
2.5 Acidity Characterization Methods 36
2.5.1 Temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH3-TPD) 39
2.5.2 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine (pyridine-IR) 40
2.5.3 Solid-state 31P NMR of adsorbed phosphine oxides 41
2.6 References 44
Chapter 3 SCR Performances of Mono- and Bi-Metallic Fe-Based ZSM-5 Catalysts Prepared by Different Methods 47
3.1 Introduction 47
3.2 Results and Discussion 50
3.2.1 SCR performances of Fe-ZSM-5 catalysts prepared by different methods 50
3.2.1.1 Structural property 50
3.2.1.2 Surface property 54
3.2.1.3 SCR performance 63
3.2.1.4 Acid property 66
3.2.2 SCR performances of CeFe-ZSM-5 catalysts prepared by different methods 76
3.2.2.1 Structural property 76
3.2.2.2 Surface property 79
3.2.2.3 SCRperformance 83
3.2.2.4 Acid property 85
3.3 Conclusions 95
3.4 References 97
Chapter 4 SCR Performances of Lanthanide Metal-Incorporated Fe-Based ZSM-5 Prepared by Reflux Method 103
4.1 Introduction 103
4.2 Results and Discussion 107
4.2.1 Structural property 108
4.2.2 SCR performance 116
4.2.3 Surface property 118
4.2.4 Acid property 120
4.2.4.1 NH3-TPD 121
4.2.4.2 Pyridine-IR 124
4.2.4.3 31P MAS NMR of adsorbed TMPO 129
4.3 Conclusions 137
4.4 References 138
Chapter 5 Effect of Si/Al Ratio of the Zeolite Support on SCR Performances of CeFe-ZSM-5 Catalysts Prepared by Impregnation Method 143
5.1 Introduction 143
5.2 Results and Discussion 146
5.2.1 Structural property 146
5.2.2Surface property 150
5.2.3 SCR performance 163
5.2.4 Acid property 165
5.3 Conclusions 187
5.4 References 189
Chapter 6 Summary and Perspectives 19
Commodifying multicultures: urban regeneration and the politics of space in Spitalfields
No full textPhDSpitalfields, within close distance to the City of London. has been subject to intense
regeneration and gentrification in recent years. This thesis investigates the use of
culture in promoting urban regeneration. This thesis analyses the role of
multiculturally based regeneration in Spitalfields and assesses the possibilities for
civic engagement in a number of recent regeneration initiatives. I argue that
regeneration in Spitalfields has taken a cultural turn, and that a new set of discourses
is present in regeneration practices. These new forms of regeneration practices
demand a different kind of interpretation. This distinctiveness in policy consists of
the use and mobilisation of 'culture' and 'multicultural capital' as tools for
regeneration. Most notably the study's timing during a phase of intense change sets it
apart as one of the few studies undertaken of the complex relationship between the
new cultural industries, multicultural capital and the practice of selling places. The
study's theoretical framework draws from a range of inter-disciplinary literature on
urban space. cultural politics and feminist theory.
In capturing a series of moments that took place between 2000 and 2003,1
analyse a range of regeneration initiatives but focus closely on three case studies: the
construction of Banglatown in Brick Lane, the Rich Mix Centre for London, and the
annual street festivals/melas that took place in 2001 and 2002. I focused on two sets
of respondents - young people and young Muslim women whose experiences of
regeneration raise unsettling questions of inclusion and exclusion in/through space.
Cumulatively these sites are key examples of Spitalfields' multi-cultural spaces.
They extend a sense of promise to all its residents in the hope of a cosmopolitan
future or progressive city politics.
The tensions from these cultural strategies pose challenges for thinking about the
place of citizenship in urban multicultures. The research findings point to a
sophisticated understanding of the relationship of ethnicity, gender, commerce and
public space
The solution structure of the human IgG2 subclass is distinct from those for human IgG1 and IgG4 providing an explanation for their discrete functions
No full textHuman IgG2 antibody displays distinct therapeutically-useful properties compared with the IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 antibody subclasses. IgG2 is the second most abundant IgG subclass, being able to bind human FcγRII/FcγRIII, but not to FcγRI or complement C1q. Structural information on IgG2 is limited by the absence of a full-length crystal structure for this. To this end, we determined the solution structure of human myeloma IgG2 by atomistic X-ray and neutron scattering modelling. Analytical ultracentrifugation disclosed that IgG2 is monomeric with a sedimentation coefficient s020,w of 7.2 S. IgG2 dimer formation was ≤ 5% and independent of the buffer conditions. Small-angle X-ray scattering in a range of NaCl concentrations and in light and heavy water revealed that the X-ray radius of gyration Rg is 5.2-5.4 nm, after allowing for radiation damage at higher concentrations, and that the neutron Rg value of 5.0 nm remained unchanged in all conditions. The X-ray and neutron distance distribution curves P(r) revealed two peaks, M1 and M2, that were unchanged in different buffers. The creation of ˃123,000 physically-realistic atomistic models by Monte Carlo simulations for joint X-ray and neutron-scattering curve fits, constrained by the requirement of correct disulfide bridges in the hinge, resulted in the determination of symmetric Y-shaped IgG2 structures. These molecular structures were distinct from those for asymmetric IgG1 and asymmetric and symmetric IgG4, and were attributable to the four hinge disulfides. Our IgG2 structures rationalize the existence of the human IgG1, IgG2, and IgG4 subclasses, and explain the receptor binding functions of IgG2
Effect of ethanolic extract of aloe vera gel on certain common clinical pathogens
No full textAntimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Aloe vera were observed against Staphylococcus
aureus, Staphylococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Streptococcus pneumoniae
and Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae . Aloe vera leaf gel
was used for ethanolic extraction.Zones of inhibition in millimeter was used to measure the
antimicrobial effect. Antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that ethanolic extract has growth
inhibitory effects against the tested pathogens. Ethanolic extract of Aloe vera has growth
inhibitory effects against tested pathogen seen by antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Bras are not for burning: the bra and young urban women in Delhi and Bombay
No full textScholars have analysed the meanings of western outer-clothes worn by women in India, however these studies seldom discuss the semi-hidden bra. Whereas the panty through the ‘Pink Chaddis’ campaign has been used as a symbolic tool of female power and resistance in India, the power meanings of the bra remain ambiguous. Bras have not been discussed as symbolic markers of female empowerment like chaddis, nor can be assumed objects of male oppression as in the history of western feminism.This chapter explores the bra and its proximity to young (18–24 year old) urban Indian women’s bodies; the ambiguity of its hidden yet publicly viewed nature which discloses tensions of the sexualised female body and changing ideals of Indian femininities that outer western garments cannot always reveal. I discuss how the bra lends insight into Indian women’s bodies as paradoxical spaces of public and private power as India begins to rapidly urbanise. A power-play between that of an increase in the moral policing of urban Indian women’s sartorial identities and the emerging bi-cultural youth identities resisting these moral codes of dressing.Taken from a qualitative study between 2010–2014, the author discusses how the bra in India centres on the discourse of shame and the anxieties of western modernity recycled from the Indian independence movement. Author reveals how patriarchal codes of shame are questioned by the symbolic meanings of power that young urban Indian women attach to their bras
GULBADAN BEGUM : KONTRIBUSINYA DALAM KESULTANAN MUGHAL (929-1011 H/1523-1603 M)
No full textThis study aims to analyze and see how Gulbadan Begum\u27s contribution to the Mughal Sultanate. This research is a qualitative research and uses a historical methodology through library research based on a comparison of the data obtained and processed by the author, and describes what Gulbadan Begum did during the reign of Sultan Humayun and Sultan Akbar, and contributions to science. knowledge. The results of this study resulted in some of the best policies for the palace of the Mughal Sultanate. In addition, several scientists appeared in the Mughal Sultanate who made when Sultan Akbar ruled it was written that his era was the era of the pride of the Mughal SultanatePenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis serta melihat bagaimana Kontribusi Gulbadan Begum dalam Kesultanan Mughal. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian Kualitatif dan menggunakan metodologi sejarah melalui studi pustaka (Library Research) berdasarkan perbandingan data-data yang telah di didapatkan dan diolah oleh penulis, dan memaparkan apa saja yang telah Gulbadan Begum semasa ketika Sultan Humayun, dan Sultan Akbar berkuasa, dan kontribusi dalam ilmu pengetahuan. Adapun hasil dari penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa kebijakan yang terbaik untuk istana Kesultanan Mughal. Selain itu juga muncul beberapa ilmuwan-ilmuwan di Kesultanan Mughal yang membuat ketika Sultan Akbar memimpin dituliskan bahwa era nya adalah era keemasan Kesultanan Mugha
The Begum\u27s Millions
No full textVerne\u27s first cautionary tale about the dangers of science ― first modern and corrected English translation.
When two European scientists unexpectedly inherit an Indian rajah\u27s fortune, each builds an experimental city of his dreams in the wilds of the American Northwest. France-Ville is a harmonious urban community devoted to health and hygiene, the specialty of its French founder, Dr. François Sarrasin. Stahlstadt, or City of Steel, is a fortress-like factory town devoted to the manufacture of high-tech weapons of war. Its German creator, the fanatically pro-Aryan Herr Schultze, is Verne\u27s first truly evil scientist. In his quest for world domination and racial supremacy, Schultze decides to showcase his deadly wares by destroying France-Ville and all its inhabitants. Both prescient and cautionary, The Begum\u27s Millions is a masterpiece of scientific and political speculation and constitutes one of the earliest technological utopia/dystopias in Western literature. This Wesleyan edition features notes, appendices, and a critical introduction as well as all the illustrations from the original French edition.https://digitalcommons.odu.edu/worldlanguages_books/1018/thumbnail.jp
SPATIAL DIMENSION OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION. AN IMPERIAL INVESTIGATION INTO THE RELATIONSHIP OF HOUSING AND SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN THE SLUMS OF DHAKA CITY
No full textSlums are perceived to be heavily populated urban areas characterized by inadequate access to safe water, hygienic sanitation, urban roads, legitimate power supply, poor structural quality of housing and insecure residential status. From that perspective, slums are the clear manifestation of urban poverty. This article emphasize that slums are not just simple expression of poverty but there is a causal process that leads to poverty and inequality. It is not a mere static state describing the inequality rather it is an outcome of structural process causing a chain of disadvantages and deprivations of the community living in the slums. In view of this, this article commences by outlining the key elements of housing in slums and through empirical findings summarises how each of these elements relate to the processes and outcomes involved in social exclusion. Findings from questionnaire interview and in-depth discussion with slum dwellers tend to lend credence to the drawing of a spatial margin of social exclusion. It is understood that slum dwellers’ socio-economic deprivation is closely related with housing elements that further leads to their segregation in social and economic life - thus invigorating a vicious cycle. The systematic exploitation, material deprivation leads to social and economic marginalization of the poor people and results in greater vulnerability of this marginalized group.Social Exclusion, spatial dimension, slums, Dhaka, Housing.
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