491 research outputs found
Recensión: Velasco de Castro, Rocío. El protectorado español en Marruecos en primera persona: Muhammad Ibn Azzuz Hakim
No full textRecensión: Velasco de Castro, Rocío. El protectorado español en Marruecos en primera
persona: Muhammad Ibn Azzuz Hakim. Cáceres: Universidad de Extremadura
y Universidad de Granada, 2017, 211 págs
The methodology of religious education in the United Arab Emirates
No full textIn this thesis Islamic teaching methodology in the UAE has been examined in relation to Islamic ideology, the Qur'an and Muhammad's (pbuh) teaching methods, and in accordance with the social aims in the UAE. The aim of the investigation and the methodology used are outlined in Chapter I. Chapters II and III consider the nature and process of Islamic education as derived from the Islamic world view. They also try to demonstrate that the content of religious education is derived from the Holy Qur'an; the accepted model of the religious education teacher is derived from the personality and character of the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh); and that the methods of religious education are derived from, and legitimated by, his practice. Chapter IV attempts to show how the scope and purpose of religious education is derived from the concept of community (Ummah) and the Islamic way of life (Shariah).These crucial features of Islam have implications for education and methodology. The Islamic subject teacher is expected to teach for a community larger than the classroom and for a way of life larger than the intellect or schooling. Detailed discussion of the teacher’s role is given in Chapter IV, while Islamic teaching methodology in the UAE is examined in Chapter V. Chapter VI discusses the relation between what is seen in the Emirates at the period of study and Islamic ideology and the methodologies of the Qur'an and Muhammad (pbuh). It examines methodologies in accordance with social aims in the UAE. The same chapter explores the conclusions and recommendations harvested from this work
Reseña de Rocío VELASCO DE CASTRO (2017): El Protectorado español en Marruecos en primera persona: Muhammad Ibn Azzuz Hakim, Universidades de Extremadura y Granada, Cáceres
No full textBernabé LÓPEZ GARCÍA (2018), Reseña de Rocío VELASCO DE CASTRO (2017): El Protectorado español en Marruecos en primera persona: Muhammad Ibn Azzuz Hakim, Universidades de Extremadura y Granada, Cáceres en Revista de Estudios Internacionales Mediterráneo
Conservation in an Islamic context a case study of Makkah
No full textThe Holy Qu’ rān contains many injunctions for Muslims to respect and conserve the natural environment but few address the built environment. Habitat at the time of the Prophet (PBOH) was in the vernacular and relatively impermanent. The first habitat was the cave, the second the tent and then simple flat roofed buildings of post and lintel construction made of mud and rubble. Later buildings were not indigenous but reflected the architectural styles and techniques of Muslim pilgrims from beyond the Arabian Peninsula. Permanent exotic buildings were later erected as reminders of holy places and events. This work advances a case to restore and preserve historic and religious sites in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Makkah is the destination for millions of Muslim pilgrims who annually pay homage to Allah during the occasions of Hajj, Ramadan and Umra. The tranquillity and peaceful ambience that one associates with the holiest of Islamic experiences have, over the years, given way to jostling crowds of people who must be expediently housed, fed, transported, and protected. Due to the lack of planning and the insensitive but profitable development of the city, Makkah is in grave danger of becoming a bustling metropolis instead of a sanctuary where pilgrims gather to perform their religious rites and reaffirm their dedication to Allah. The author calls for professional planning and international cooperation to guide future development for this expanding and sensitive area. The author's ideas are grounded in practical and aesthetic study, therefore, the political, environmental and economic issues are examined in relationship to religious, historic and artistic values. The author makes proposals for a future Makkah that would provide pilgrims with the physical comforts, security, and serene environment they deserve—without destroying the city they came to visit. The author discusses preservation and conservation in the western world and the need for their acceptance in Muslim countries, the former being an aesthetic and intellectual concept sustained by law and the latter being the prescribed free expression of the individual unhindered by material considerations. Both worlds are rapidly being overwhelmed by materialism, but body, mind and spirit combine in making us aware of our surroundings and the way in what we see around us has come into being
Conversion of African Americans to Islam : a sociological analysis of the Nation of Islam and associated groups
No full text'Conversion of African Americans to Islam: A Sociological Analysis of the Nation of
Islam Associated groups' is an empirical study of the religious experience of people
who had/have distinctive features in terms of race, ethnicity and historical experience.
The purpose of this thesis is to demonstrate how African Americans' (AAs) conversion
experience in general, and the Nation of Islam associated groups' conversion in
particular, differ from the studies of recruitment and conversion in the sociology of
religion and New Religion Movements (NRMs). More specifically, their recruitment
and conversion experiences to Islam diverge from those who converted to mainstream
Islam. The study investigates how AAs' historical experience, soci-economic
difficulties and the racism they encountered shaped and influenced their religious
understanding.
Research methods involved participant observations, a survey questionnaire, interviews,
conversations, personal communications and correspondence. To collect ethnographic
data eleven months field research was conducted mainly in the Chicago area and on two
short visits to Detroit, and three years continued communications with Muslim officials
and academics in the area. During the field research and afterwards through personal
communication 181 survey questionnaire responses were received, and 23 Muslim
officials, academics and ordinary Muslims were interviewed through semi-structured,
unstructured interviews, conversation and correspondence.
The thesis begins with a brief history of Islam and Muslims in general and the African
American Muslims (AAMs) in particular. More emphasis is given on the historical
development of the Nation of Islam (NOl). Then in Chapter III, discussions of schisms
in the history of the NOT are examined from sociological perspectives of social and
religious movements. In Chapter IV I aimed to formulate my own perspective to
analyse and study the conversion experiences of AAMs to Islam. I used a multivariate
approach, considering selectively widely held conversion and recruitment theories in the
sociology of the religion. I consider in Chapter V the predisposing conditions for AAMs
that influence their decision-making to join in the NOT, for example, political and
nationalistic sentiments and socio-economic deprivations. In Chapter VI I have applied
different terms to describe their religious experiences, such as conversion, alteration and
reversion. I have analysed further their encounters with the NOT, the methods of
recruitment they used and their major motives for joining the NOT and converting to
Tslam. In the concluding chapters (Chapter VII VTTT) I describe the different responses
of AAMS to Islam following the death of Elijah Muhammad. It is found out that the
Islamic appeal has polarised. While Farakhan's NOT appeared to continue the tradition
and style of the old NOI with the emphasis on nationalistic and socio-economic factors,
Tmam W. D. Mohammed's community turned more to the religious and spiritual aspects
of Tslam. These different approaches led to a polarisation of the appeal of Tslam to
AAMS.
This thesis contributes to knowledge in four key areas; the sociology of religion and
religious movements, the sociology of social and nationalistic movements, religious and
Islamic studies
Implikasi Latar Belakang Sosial Pengarang Terhadap Representasi Imajinasi Dalam Cerpen Di Tahun Seribu Masehi Karya Taufiq el-Hakim
No full textKelahiran karya sastra tidak lepas dari keberadaan seorang pengarang. Sebagai pencipta karya sastra, pengarang merepresentasikan realitas kehidupan masyarakat ke dalam sebuah karyanya. Realitas ini terkadang digambarkan bukan apa adanya, tetapi realitas yang diinginkan pengarang. Bahkan mencampuradukkan imajinasi dengan realitas. Pengalaman hidup pengarang maupun hasil dari interaksi dengan orang lain dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap daya kreatifitas dan imajinasi pengarang, juga imajinasi lahir dari ketrampilan pengarang dalam menyusun kembali unsur-unsur penceritaan, dan kekuatan daya imajinasi pengarang, bukan serta merta lahir begitu saja dengan tiba-tiba. Imajinasi menjadi usur terpenting dalam terciptanya karya sastra. Salah satu sastrawan Arab yang imajinatif adalah Taufiq el-Hakim dengan cerpennya ―Di Tahun Sejuta Masehi‖. Dalam cerpen tersebut, pengarang merepresentasikan imajinasinya terhadap gambaran kehidupan manusia dikehidupan tahun sejuta masehi. Pada masa itu manusia hidup seperti di surga, tidak mengenal kematian maupun beranak, bahkan tidak mengenal perbedaan jenis kelamin. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian kualitatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: pertama, mengungkap latar belakang sosial pengarang; kedua, mengetahuiimplikasi latar belakang sosial pengarang terhadap representasi imajinasi dalam cerpen ―Di Tahun Sejuta Masehi‖. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah cerpen ―Di Tahun Sejuta Masehi‖ karya Taufiq el-Hakim. Teknik pengumpulan data teknik baca dan teknik catat. Adapun langkah analisis data menggunakan model Miles dan Huberman. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah: pertama, latarbelakang Taufiq el-Hakim adalah: a) hidup di lingkugan religius; b) hidup berkecukupan; c) ia hidup dengan pamannya yang bekerja sebagai dosen Fakultas Teknik di Kairo;kedua implikasi latar belakang sosial Taufiq el-Hakim terhadap represetasi imajinasi dalam cerpen ―Di Tahun Sejuta Masehi‖ tercermin dalam beberapa tema, diataraya adalah a) tema kehidupan manusia di tahun sejuta Masehi dipengaruhi oleh tingkat kereligiusan lingkungan dan pendidikan Taufiq el-Hakim; b)tema kecanggihan teknologi manusia di tahun sejuta Masehi dipengaruhi oleh pengalamannya yang ikut tinggal bersama pamannya seorang guru sekolah dasar dan dosen Fakultas Teknik; c)tema pengakuan ilmuan yang dianggap sebagai Nabi di tahun sejuta Masehi dipengaruhi oleh pengalaman religiusitas dan pengetahuannya tentang kisah Nabi; d)tema akhir kehidupan manusia di tahun sejuta Masehi dipengaruhi oleh keyakinan keberagamaannya bahwa manusia akan tiba pada kematian
Near-capacity iterative decoding of binary self-concatenated codes using soft decision demapping and 3-D EXIT charts
No full textIn this paper 3-D Extrinsic Information Transfer (EXIT) charts are used to design binary Self-Concatenated Convolutional Codes employing Iterative Decoding (SECCC-ID), exchanging extrinsic information with the soft-decision demapper to approach the channel capacity. Recursive Systematic Convolutional (RSC) codes are selected as constituent codes, an interleaver is used for randomising the extrinsic information exchange of the constituent codes, while a puncturer helps to increase the achievable bandwidth efficiency. The convergence behaviour of the decoder is analysed with the aid of bit-based 3-D EXIT charts, for accurately calculating the operating EbN0 threshold, especially when SP based soft demapper is employed. Finally, we propose an attractive system configuration, which is capable of operating within about 1 dB from the channel capacity
Istihsan (juristic preference) : the forgotten principle of Islamic law
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
La empresa social de Muhammad Yunus, un nuevo paradigma para erradicar la pobreza
No full textSocial business represents a new paradigm to eradicate world poverty, within a market model that respects human dignity. This social innovation is analyzed based on its creator and main promoter, Muhammad Yunus, 2006 Nobel Peace Prize winner. In addition, these ideas are contrasted with those of other authors who have studied the topic of poverty (such as Bornstein, Prahalad Sachs, De Soto). Some of them have adopted the point of view of traditional Economics and have been criticized by Muhammad Yunus for their ideas and methods. Finally, the author reflects on relative poverty and the moral obligation to fight it.La empresa social representa un nuevo paradigma para erradicar la pobreza en el mundo, dentro de un modelo de mercado que respeta la dignidad humana. Se analiza esta innovación social con base en los escritos de su creador y principal promotor, Muhammad Yunus, Premio Nobel de la Paz 2006. Asimismo, se contrastan estas ideas con las de otros autores que han analizado el tema de la pobreza (tales como Bornstein, Prahalad, Sachs, De Soto), algunos de los cuales adoptan el punto de vista de la economía tradicional, cuyas ideas y métodos han sido criticados por Muhammad Yunus. Finalmente, se hace una reflexión sobre la relatividad del concepto de pobreza y la obligación moral de combatirla
The relationship between ilm and khabar in the work of al-Shafii
No full textThis study examines in detail the basis of al-Shafi`i's arguments for the
supremacy of oral tradition over communal legal practice. It concentrates on one
broad issue, the definition of `ilm (knowledge) and one technical issue, the problem
of authenticating a particular khabar (oral tradition or report, plural akhbar, ) and its
binding nature, especially a report of the category known as the specialists' report
(khabar al-khassa). On the first issue, this study examines the concept of knowledge
based on reports (`ilm al-khabar) because it had an important influence on al-Shafi`i.
This is followed by a detailed account of al-Shafi`i's own discussion of `ilm. It brings
out clearly that al-Shafi`i means religious law when discussing `ilm. It also shows
how knowledge of religious law can be obtained. Al-Shafi`i's approach is to restrict
the argument to knowledge of specialised and debatable points, rather than what is
generally accepted. He seeks to prove the indispensability in this area of specialists'
knowledge of reliable documentation external to the law itself. The following chapter
deals with the question of authenticating a khabar from the Prophet (a hadith), not as
purely technical question but within a polemical context in which the practical
difficulty of authenticating a khabar was used by those opposed to the intellectual
dominance of oral tradition as a reason not to use the khabar. In the final chapter al-
Shaf i's arguments with two identifiable schools of opposing thought, ahl al-kaläm
and ahl al-figh, are examined in detail. The thesis as a whole gives a significant
insight into the efficacy and durability of al-Shafi`i's arguments, not so much by
defeating his opponents' arguments but by buttressing those of the defenders and
advocates of oral tradition
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