7 research outputs found
Improving Automated Arabic Essay Questions Grading Based on Microsoft Word Dictionary
No full textThere are three main types of questions: true/false, multiple choice, and essay questions; it is easy to implement automatic grading system (AGS) for multiple choice and true/false questions because the answers are specific compared with essay question answers. Automatic grading system (AGS) was developed to evaluate essay answers using a computer program that solves manual grading process problems like high cost, time-consuming task, increasing number of students, and pressure on teachers. This chapter presents Arabic essay question grading techniques using inner product similarity. The reason behind this is to retrieve students’ answers that more relevance to teachers’ answers. NB (naive Bayes) classifier is used because it is simple to implement and fast. The process starts by preprocessing phase, where tokenization step divides answers for small pieces of tokens. For normalization step, it is used to replace special letter shapes and remove diacritics. Then, stop word removal step removes meaningless and useless words. Finally, stemming process is used to get the stem and root of the words. All the preprocessing phase is meant to be implemented for both student answer and dataset. Then, classifying by naive Bayes classifier to get accurate result also for both students’ answers among with dataset. After that, using Microsoft Word dictionary to compare and get enough synonyms for both students’ answers and model answers in order to have exceptional results. Finally, showing results with the use of inner product similarity then compare the results showed by inner product similarity with human score results so the evaluation among with the efficiency of the proposed technique can be measured using mean absolute error (MAE) and Pearson correlation results (PCR). According to the experimental results, the approach leads to positive results when using MS dictionary and improvement Automated Arabic essay questions grading, where experiment results showed improvement in MAE is 0.041 with enhanced accuracy is 4.65% and PCR is 0.8250. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Circuit Design for Memristor based In-Memory Computing
No full textModern computing systems suffer due to inability of CMOS-device technology and conventional Von-Neumann architectures to support today's ever-increasing demand of high performance, reliability, cost and energy-efficiency. While CMOS device suffers from high static leakage, reduced reliability and manufacturing complexity; conventional computing architecture suffers from high power consumption with memory access and performance bottlenecks. Non-volatile and CMOS-compatible emerging memristive device technology with extremely compact memory structures offers in-memory computing solutions. However, research lacks quantitative benchmarking of memristor-based primitive logic designs. Moreover, the arithmetic and functional circuit design solutions are inefficient and hence incompetent to replace the state-of-the-art.The thesis first covers device level physics of different memristive devices, elaborating their basic structures, working principles and behavioural analyses using Verilog-A models. Building on single device behavioural analyses, a comprehensive exploration and quantitative benchmarking of all existing primitive gates is provided, thereby concluding that scouting logic design technique is the optimal logic gate to perform in-memory computing. Going forward, using scouting logic as the building block, the work presents efficient arithmetic and functional circuit designs that outperform previously proposed in-memory computing solutions and attempts to make a strong case to challenge the current CMOS-based state-of-the-art computing paradigm.Different flavours of a novel circuit design are proposed to tackle limitations common to circuits implementing primitive arithmetic operations and complex multiply-accumulate (dot-product) operations supporting data-intensive applications. The proposed circuit deploys in-built sample-and-hold and two bit-wise weighting techniques to enable pipelining and self-timing-path to improve accuracy against variations. As compared to 4-bit adder utilising integrate and fire circuit (IFC) that is optimised for area/power, the proposed design improves the speed, area, and energy consumption by 4X, 2.5X, and 11X, respectively. Incorporating additional components such as high-gain differential amplifier and modified IFC provides a highly accurate, linear, power efficient dot product engine with significant improvement in memristor endurance. To perform 64_4 dot 64_1, the proposed dot product engine improves the speed, area and energy consumption by 2X, 3.5X and 54X, respectively, as compared to area-efficient IFC-based engine, while also extending the range of operands operated in parallel by >3X. Compared to highly accurate SAR-ADC(current sense amplifier) based dot product engine, the proposed design improves the speed, area and energy by a factor of 0.4X(1.2X), 200X(6X) and 260X(108X), respectively, with comparable accuracy. Read endurance is significantly improved as < 0.1V is maintained across the memristors during the dot-product operation, as opposed to > 1V endured using prior proposed designs. To showcase the scalability and versatility of the proposed circuit designs, design prepositions of multi-operand 4-bit adder, 4x4 multiplier and 4-bit comparator are also presented. Supporting equations, graphs, figures and tables have been included to justify the choices made as part of this work and to enhance the understanding of novel non-volatile memristor based in-memory computing.MNEMOSENEElectrical Engineering | Microelectronic
A Classification of Memory-Centric Computing
No full textsponsorship: The results presented in this article have been obtained in the framework of the project "Computation-in-memory architecture based on resistive devices" (MNEMOSENE), which has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 780215. (European Union|780215)status: Publishe
Time-division Multiplexing Automata Processor
No full textAutomata Processor (AP) is a special implementation of non-deterministic finite automata that performs pattern matching by exploring parallel state transitions. The implementation typically contains a hierarchical switching network, causing long latency. This paper proposes a methodology to split such a hierarchical switching network into multiple pipelined stages, making it possible to process several input sequences in parallel by using time-division multiplexing. We use a new resistive RAM based AP (instead of known DRAM or SRAM based) to illustrate the potential of our method. The experimental results show that our approach increases the throughput by almost a factor of 2 at a cost of marginal area overhead.Computer Engineerin
The Power of Computation-in-Memory Based on Memristive Devices
No full textConventional computing architectures and the CMOS technology that they are based on are facing major challenges such as the memory bottleneck making the memory access for data transfer a major killer of energy and performance. Computation-in-memory (CIM) paradigm is seen as a potential alternative that could alleviate such problems by adding computational resources to the memory, and significantly reducing the communication. Memristive devices are promising enablers of a such CIM paradigm, as they are able to support both storage and computing. This paper shows the power of memristive device based CIM paradigm in enabling new efficient application-specific architectures as well as efficient implementations of some known domain-specific architectures. In addition, the paper discusses the potential applications that could benefit from such paradigm and highlights the major challenges.Computer EngineeringQuantum & Computer Engineerin
SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study
No full textBackground: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18–49, 50–69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of BJS Society Ltd
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No full textTba Dally Palo Alto Ttmm
te the only dally aia*gi|ii
•hat supported tba Frogtea*tve
ttkuMa ta Saata Ctai. county.
latlg ptia Alto ®ltwfi
HATE THE TIMES FOLLOW
The Times wilt bs sent to
any addrvi. dun. a*; vawalk—
without eitrm charga for mm>
age. Change the
often aa yow Ilka.
VOLUME 39
EIGHT PAGES
PALO ALTO, CAL., FRIDAY. NOV. 22, 191..
EIGHT PAGES
Thanksgiving
In preparing your table for the THANKSGIVING DINNER you should have one ot our DINNER SETS Wc have
a very handsome line to aelect from, and you will find our
stock full of many pretty things for decorating your table.
Come in and look us over at the
Palo Alto Hardware Co
PHONE 65. Right tn tbe iVim-r oC tbe Otej
FAMOUS PUBLICIST PALO ALTO HIGH
ADDRESSES MEETING IN SEMIFINALS
EMILE J0ULL1NS
RECITAL TONIGHT
DR. GLADDEN OF COLUM WII.l
BUS. OHIO. TALKS ON
MEET BERKELEY lLOCAL ARTISTS WILL
Ik> YOt" want to enjoy tho
delight In pure . ■ »r.-......... * Jast
try a pound of oor
MELLOW CREAMS
You'll find thi. I'I UK oiif-vt-.n
snade or the . inn. .--1 Ingredleou aad
the ii.nair ... iierfeetly developed and
Mended that the most •rrltltml
will be -i. hcli«0.1.
' Nothing Hke a trial will prove how
good they are.
60c the pound.
DUDFIELD LUMBER CO.
The People Who Please
Telephone Yard, 21
Mill, 225
1913 Calendars
AT THE NIPPON
Phone 433x
OBVIOUS
.ROR
FOR SALE
In the Best Residential Section A New 9
Room House.
THE UNIVERSITY
REALTY COMPANY.
I'alo Alto and Han Praaclseo.
Hot Water Bags
None better to be had. An
assortment of the best
makes guaranteed, and at
fair prices.
The University
Pharmacy
F. J.STE1NMETZ
SOCIAL REFORM.
Glimpse of What Could Be Done
for Human Welfare by Turning From War to Peace.
r. Washington Gladden, pastor
nf ihe Hist Congregational Church
of Columbus. Ohio, publicist, and
author at national reputation, spoke
al the university assembly ibis
morning un "Planetary Politic*."
This U Ihe unique title of an ed
dress iti favor of International peace
nnd ro*o|iernllon among the nation*.
Doctor (.ladder, I* well known, especially for hi* fight agalnat nhat
In* called "tainted money.*' Thi*
wa* In opposition to schools.
cburche* *nd libraries accepting
money (rom Itorkt.fe.llcr and Car*
negle on account of Hie way 11■ ■
money was made lie taught that
thc acceptance o( these gifts was a
tarlt approval of the source of the
money, and as such wa* unmoral
and against public pollry. Doctor
Gladden has Iwen a frequent contributor to thc .»-■' "f our nntlonitt
magitlnes and Is recognised a* one
of Ihe big Intellectual forces of the
country,
III* talk this morning wa* Introduced by an illustration of what
slate aodaty would develop If (he In
habitant* of one province or county
'like Yorkshire, srlth Its city and
jcouniry. rould drift off Into space
(Contluura on ***** S.y
ON STANFORD TURF
TOMORROW.
APPEAR AT MASONIC
HALL.
Ruggers of Rival College Towns j Talented Young Violinist Will
BBJUC is a CHAMCR t«i QWT
A HOME
•1.150 will buy a nice llltle
foUl^l-imni lM>««*e Willi 11 ln*«r-
ing fruit tree*, in tin- Ik**H "mrl
of Palo Altti; «_00 down, the
re*M el JW'.T.*. per muath. Af>
piy I.. Hnrvsefr, BIO DaoHHia
alni'i, I'lwti.* :iim»
Will Struggle for Right to
Tackle Los Angeles.
Palo Alio and Berkeley high
school * arc ready lo battle to the
last ditch tomorrow afternoon
>n the Stanford turf In two
thirtv-flvc-nilnutc halves that prom-
i-i- .' whirlwind of exhibition ol
Rugby. The academic championship of Northern California and the
right to Invade Southern California
ar* at stake. Doth schools have
* ell-balanced undefeated fifteen,
condition**!! lo the minute.
I ■ .in- AIniui l-aVcti.
.Neither team ba* a dlslioct ail
vantage over Ihe other. Berkeley's
elght-nian scrum should bnve th<*
shade on Palo Alto's seven psck
hooking the ball, but this obstacle
will be offset by Davidson. Palo
Alto's free lance, at wing forward.
Berkeley has taller forwards, and a
consequent advantage In llneouts.
but In loose play the local advance
guard will probably more than hold
It* own. Km ti net of barks la fast
and aggressive, although Palo AHo
has had the advantage of playing
l4»gelher more, vthlle Slater. Montgomery, Knowles and Forbes of Berkeley have been gaining valuable experience on the 8*n Francisco club
team* Considering thc ability ol
each group of players and the com
paratlve scores they hav,. made. It
would be surprising if either team
hnd much of a lend In tomorrow's
firuggle. nnd !' || very prohahle Ihat
the outcome will In* In doubt up to
tb« final pistol ahol
William l.iiflerty
nlon. will be In
blatle AdmlHio
111 lie :.ti i.-iiIh
Palo lllaa Oxuliinu Rival.
Sinn* ('lurk ltare, an nlun
i» of pnlfl Alto High S.hi.4.1. hi
Ihe referee'"
ntrol of Ihe
in Ibe game
Be Assisted in Rendition of
Pretty Program
program of unusual Interest to
lover* of musical art has been
planned for tho recital to bo given
in the Masonic Temple tonight by
Kmllo JoutUn. the talented violinist,
assisted by four other artlsta of
Stanford and Palo Alto. The program for the evening I* ss a* follows:
Mrs Moser Pianist
Mr Buehrer Vocalist
Dr. Donald Forbes. .Violoncello
Mrs Alberta Joultin.Accompanist
Smile Joultin Violin
Program.
. Trio L. Deethovcn
Allegro
Adagio Cantahlle
Scherxo
Flnsh.
!. (») Where'er You Walk.llaendel
(D) At* die Sll* Mutter. .Dvorak
(c» Ich Hebe dlch Orief
3 Sonata - Haendel'
Adagio
Allegro
Andante
Allegretto
4. la) Berceuse B. Qodard
(b) Traumerel Schumann
B. (a) A more Tostl
<bl l-ackme Dellhes
(o Vision Fugitive..J. Maaganet
6 (si Andante Padre Martini
lb) llumoreske A. Dvorak
le) Vision F. Drrtla
will line up: Bond. Hhuman, Ctrl-
ion. Helmers. Vllns. B. Slater, Johnson, llnlnes, forwards: N. Slater,
half: Montgomery. Knowles, fives;
Hackle, center: M. Forbes, Clopton.
KJtiga. H. P-'orboi.. full.
Pah- Alto F.irtiwiJon.
The llghlest and the heavlc-i of
Pnlo Aim's forward* uiijiear In tho
':■■
been roarhlng ibe Hvrkfteyj front rank a! the -scram, Slpeitm l*
Pain Mm wi.l claim part of.;, mm .-act speedy little man "ho
f-lii even If defeated, Follow-lb** n knack for hooking th*' hall.
* ihe way tioH.iw.itv'v. hopes! (Contlnuco «u page !.)
A CAR SHORTAGE IS
IMPENDING
You nuke a had mistake when
you put off buying your coal tin-
til winter. Purchase it NOW
and secure thc
pro*, uc r.
be«.t the mines
W. 0. Horabin
urr sun, Sana..
For Sale
A Bargain
In Palo Alto, a modern .'.-room
shingled bungalow with modern plumbing, lot 1.0x200:
prlr-e 11.600; small payment
down, balance $20 to 126 per
month.
V. V. Harrier
THE 1913 BUCKS
have arrived. In the lead
as usual. Call and see them.
J. E. SLOAN
511 ALMA STREET
| PALO ALTO
We are now prepared wltb a full stock of beautiful OIH1NTMAS
(MHt!»s typifying the Christmas spirit. Kvery man and woman of
refinement finds keen delight In the possession of a Christmas gift
from a friend or relative. ,
Christmas Gloves
FowntHT-celebrated Kid Glovt*; price «l. »I.BO. *_, 9.1 pate,
Dents Cape Clove*. 91.00 and »_.oo pair.
Silk Hosiery
We terry tin- largest stock of Kayaer s silk Hosiery lo be found
In California
Kayser't celebrated Wonderf'ot In all tho leading shades. 91 pr.
K*y**r's Black Pujo SJlk Thread. 91.A0, 99jOO, 92.no. Prices and
wear guaranteed
Handkerchiefs
We have held a reputation for beautiful Handkerchiefs second to
none.
Indies' hand-embroidered Handkerchiefs in every variety of pattern, from ntic and up.
laadlea' Initials at IOc. _rtc and 30c each.
Men's In plain Initial* and colored. Do your ChrisUna* shopping
ln Palo Alto and take an loterest In your own town.
1st National Sank
If you Want
IVIONEY
We Have It
If You Have
MONEY
We Want It
Novelty Theater
Till-: FAMILY KEKOItT—BBR OF THK LATEST
THURSDAY AND FRIDAY
"Adventure of the Italian Model"
A VlT.ICIIAril
\: .'!. j on. of 'I ..-■ Ihrllllns l-amlar-rt rhs... d.ladlv. alorl".
. s.^nl myalary aolvod by Ihe niaator mind of DsteCtlv. Cbna...
with Mn.irlr. CO.I_0.
An.l Ihreo Other Recla
.IIOMHSKIN 10 CENTS,. I'lIIBT atllllW 7:,ft.
SATURDAY ONLY —"BUSTER AND THE GYPSIES "
The pleasure and
rest to be had from
a comfortable slip-
Jier must not be o ver-
ooKed at this time
of the year. We have
just that one you
will HKe.
Miller's Delicatessen
Hoiiienuule Pies, Miti<eiii<-nt, Iltimemade TeinaJe*, all
kinds of *i.ilull, end lloa-it Mi.it*-.
Millers Bakery
bag ]..i--.| the building fotTOfrly occop4e_ by florwesre's II;.a,cry
nnd Will open as n nr-1-cla«s (icrnmn iMtkery nliont Ihe Middle of
tflllflm a~Bn liKMVEHY
PttONfi .liflK.
2O0 I'nlvertilty Avenue
THOUGHTS OP
THANKSGIVING
■ i-< -.'..I not prevent you conalderln*;
about your lumber aupplle*. If you
arc riv.dy for Interior finish, we can
furnish miytlilng yoti deslro lo hard
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SANTA HE LUMBER CO.
M.tyoHd, 0*1. PHOIfB _o*V
. .. ....
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