42 research outputs found
Garments for One Another: Exploring Muslim Discourses on Gender Violence
No full textThis thesis looks at how, in the culture of Islam, gender is policed and how domestic violence is linked to power relationships. The legal logic that guides Islamic discourse on gender violence and how Muslims articulate such logic is also examined. Individual acts of counseling between an imam and a questioner, as well as how the transitional medium of the Internet solicits fatawas from Islamic cultures is discussed. The author also investigated whether Muslims from religious clerics with institutional authority to lay Muslims have developed pro-women/pro-justice approach to gender violence. Do authoritative religious texts that Muslims find important and meaningful shape gender violence within marriage? Finally, the author interrogates some “moments of silence,” aiming to shed light on marital rape, and the inequalities between Islamic men and women
In Circulation of Hatred Speeches in Educational Institutes: A Review from the Literature about the Role of Social Media
No full textHate is a negative emotional phenomenon whose characteristics are anger, contempt or disgust. This emotional attitude sometimes leads towards revenge in the form of criminal act. This situation may challenge the school administrators to keep teaching-learning process smooth and effective. Hate speeches on social media is a common exercise among all age group people. Educational institutes are also under attack due to these practices. Students are permanently and continuously connected on social media. They are less prepared and trained to deal with online hate speeches. This qualitative study has focused this issue and derived results from literature. Racism, homophobia, religious biasedness, trans-phobia and sexual harassment are common social media generated problems in educational institutes which are types of online hate speech. It is therefore, suggested at the end of this study that students must be trained and taught about gender violence and discrimination; raise awareness about the importance and positive usage of media and digital based information
Quest for Identity in Parvin Shere’s Pearls from the Ocean
No full textThis paper analyzes the means of self-representation, the conflicts between self/other, and the conscious and unconscious quest for identity by the writer. This paper attempts to understand travel narratives as the narratives about the journey undertaken for the quest for identity by traveler/writer wherein apart from the physical journey of the author the emphasis is laid on the emotional and psychological journey within the author. Parvin Shere is a poet, writer, painter, and musician. She has travelled to as many as five continents (Africa, South America, Europe, Asia and North America) and twenty six countries. Her travelogue, Pearls from the Ocean is an interdisciplinary text with the use of literature prose, poetry and paintings. This paper attempts to answer the questions like, what is identity; does quest for identity play an important part in travel narrating; what factors exhibit the significance of identity in travel narratives; does travel facilitates the quest for identity of the writer/traveler through the analysis of Parvin’s travelogue
The Lament of the Decline of the Ummah in Modern Urdu Naat: عصرجدیدکی اُردو نعت میں زوالِ امت کا استغاثہ
No full textTime is a mysterious and divine secret, explored by philosophers for centuries without a definitive answer. According to Allama Iqbal, the cycle of day and night defines life and death. The golden era of history was the time of the Holy Prophet (PBUH), followed by the Rightly Guided Caliphate. However, decline set in with monarchy and dynastic rule. For the past two centuries, Muslims have faced continuous downfall. In Naat poetry, alongside praising the Prophet (PBUH), poets have expressed sorrow over the Ummah’s decline. Hali’s Musaddas laments, "O special messenger, it is time for prayer." Iqbal echoes, "The fire of extinguished love is darkness, not Muslims, but a pile of ashes." Modern poets highlight the plight of the oppressed, the invasion of foreigners, and the disparity between the elite and the poor. As Mukhtar Azmi says, "Where do you go, O God? The nation of your Prophet (PBUH) has wandered in despair.
References:
The Quran, Surah: 103
Iqbal, Allama Muhammad, Bāl-e-Jibrīl, Lahore: Ilm-o-Irfan Publications, 2010, p. 93
The Quran, Surah: 3
Sunan Abi Dawood, Hadith: 4297
Mukhtar Masood, Awaaz-e-Dost, Lahore: Shah Begum & Sheikh Ataullah Trust, 2010
Ibn Khaldun, Hayat-o-Asar, Translated by Muhammad Kazim, Lahore: Alqa Publications, 2019, p. 122
Tahir-ul-Qadri, Dr., Naqsha: Urooj-o-Zawal, Lahore: Minhaj Publications, 2010
Hali, Altaf Hussain, Kulliyat-e-Hali, Lahore: Sheikh Ghulam Ali & Sons, 2000
Iqbal, Allama Muhammad, Poem: Huzoor-e-Risalat Ma'ab ﷺ Mein, included in Bang-e-Dra, Lahore: Ilm-o-Irfan Publications, 2014, p. 197
Iqbal, Allama Muhammad, Poem: Zauq-o-Shauq, included in Bāl-e-Jibrīl, Lahore: Ilm-o-Irfan Publications, 2014, p. 111
Qadri, Dr. Hussain Mohi-ud-Din, Falsafa-e-Tehreek, Lahore: Minhaj-ul-Quran Publications, 2012, p. 111
The Quran, Surah: 3
Ayub Nadeem, Dr., Ujala Huzoor ﷺ Ka, Lahore: Gohar Publications
Mukhtar Azmi, Kitab-e-Dil, Lahore: Nasta'liq Publications, 2018, p. 1
Author Correction: Childhood trauma and other formative life experiences predict environmental engagement
No full textCombined efficacy of biologically synthesized silver nanoparticles and different antibiotics against multidrug-resistant bacteria
No full textSyed Zeeshan Haider Naqvi, Urooj Kiran, Muhammad Ishtiaq Ali, Asif Jamal, Abdul Hameed, Safia Ahmed, Naeem Ali Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Abstract: Biological synthesis of nanoparticles is a growing innovative approach that is relatively cheaper and more environmentally friendly than current physicochemical processes. Among various microorganisms, fungi have been found to be comparatively more efficient in the synthesis of nanomaterials. In this research work, extracellular mycosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was probed by reacting the precursor salt of silver nitrate (AgNO3) with culture filtrate of Aspergillus flavus. Initially, the mycosynthesis was regularly monitored by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, which showed AgNP peaks of around 400–470 nm. X-ray diffraction spectra revealed peaks of different intensities with respect to angle of diffractions (2θ) corresponding to varying configurations of AgNPs. Transmission electron micrographs further confirmed the formation of AgNPs in size ranging from 5–30 nm. Combined and individual antibacterial activities of the five conventional antibiotics and AgNPs were investigated against eight different multidrug-resistant bacterial species using the Kirby–Bauer disk-diffusion method. The decreasing order of antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition in mm) of antibiotics, AgNPs, and their conjugates against bacterial group (average) was; ciprofloxacin + AgNPs (23) > imipenem + AgNPs (21) > gentamycin + AgNPs (19) > vancomycin + AgNPs (16) > AgNPs (15) > imipenem (14) > trimethoprim + AgNPs (14) > ciprofloxacin (13) > gentamycin (11) > vancomycin (4) > trimethoprim (0). Overall, the synergistic effect of antibiotics and nanoparticles resulted in a 0.2–7.0 (average, 2.8) fold-area increase in antibacterial activity, which clearly revealed that nanoparticles can be effectively used in combination with antibiotics in order to improve their efficacy against various pathogenic microbes. Keywords: mycosynthesis, silver nanoparticles, antibacterial agents, Aspergillus flavu
Invasive pulmonary infection by syncephalastrum species: Two case reports and review of literature
No full textBackground: Syncephalastrum species belong to the class Zygomycetes and order Mucorale. These are found in the environment and tropical soil, usually presenting as colonizers and rarely cause human infection. Syncephalastrum racemosum is a species of the genus Syncephalastrum and is the most commonly identified pathogen. Most cases are reported in immunocompromised individuals, such as patients on long term steroids, poorly controlled diabetes, or patients with malignancy.Case presentation: We are describing two cases of rare fungal infection by Syncephalastrum species causing invasive pulmonary manifestation. Both patients had compromised immune status and presented with worsening dyspnea to the emergency room. Both had signs and symptoms of bilateral worsening pneumonia evident by chest X-ray showing bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. Syncephalastrum species were isolated from sputum cultures. Deoxycholate amphotericin B was started and the response was monitored. One patient expired while the other improved. Syncephalastrum species belong to class Mucormycosis, rarely causing invasive infection but when they do outcome is potentially fatal. Very few cases are reported worldwide so the clinical course is still unclear. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first two cases to be reported from Pakistan.Conclusions: These two cases describe pneumonia as a result of concomitant infection by rare fungal speciesSyncephalastrum and MRSA in immunocompromised patients. Few cases are reported so limited data is available to understand complete disease implications. Mucormycosis is a therapeutic challenge because of the phylogenetic diversity, un-availability of any serological testing and invasive disease pattern
A study of enteropathogenic E .coli (EPEC) and the contributing risk factors in diarrheal patients under five
No full textDiarrhea can be defined as “passing of a liquid stool more than three times within 24 hours”, it is a major cause of infantile deaths in underdeveloped world in young children<5 years. According to WHO report a child dies every minute due to diarrhea. In this study 1465 stool samples of acute watery diarrhea were analyzed. Demographic data analysis showed male to female ratio of 55.2%, 44.8%. All lactose fermenting bacterial colonies were processed for the identification of bacterial pathogenic E. coli and verified biochemically, were also serotyped by commercially available strain specific antiserum. All genotypes of importance were confirmed by advanced molecular techniques like PCR and RT-PCR. E. coli (uidA), EPEC virulent genes eae and bfpA and ETEC virulent gene It and st, EIEC virulence gene inv and stx1, EHEC virulent gene stx2, EAEC virulent gene east-1and east were investigated. Among E. coli, isolates, EPEC (48.6%) was found to be most dominant diarrheal pathogen followed by ETEC (24.3 %), EAEC (21.6 %), EIEC (5.4%) and EHEC (0.0%). Use of advanced molecular techniques like PCR is necessary to detect pathogenic E. coli is highlighted from clinical samples
Pakistani Teens and Privacy - How Gender Disparities, Religion and Family Values Impact the Privacy Design Space
No full textThe understanding of how teenagers perceive, manage and perform privacy is less well-understood in spaces outside of Western, educated, industrialised, rich and democratic countries.
To fill this gap we interviewed 30 teens to investigate the privacy perceptions, practices, and experienced digital harms of young people in Pakistan, a particularly interesting context as privacy in this context is not seen as an individual right or performed within an individualistic framework but instead is influenced by a combination of factors including social norms, family dynamics and religious beliefs.
Based on our findings, we developed four personas to systematize the needs and values of this specific population and then conducted focus groups with co-design activities to further explore privacy conflicts. Among other things that confirm and extend existing theories on teen’s privacy practices and perceptions, our findings suggest that young women are disproportionately impacted by privacy violations and the harms extend beyond themselves to include their families
A Systematic Literature Review on Factors Impacting Agile Adaptation in Global Software Development
No full text
