173,429 research outputs found
Carbon input and partitioning in subsoil by chicory and alfalfa
No full textInput of organic matter into soil creates microbial hotspots. Due to the low organic matter content in subsoil, microbial hotspots can improve nutrient availability to plants. Therefore, carbon (C) input of root biomass and rhizodeposition and the microbial utilization of root C by alfalfa and chicory, both deep-rooting taprooted preceding crops, was determined. Three replicate plots of alfalfa and chicory grown on a Haplic Luvisol were (CO2)-C-13 pulse labeled after 110 days of growth. C-13 was traced in plant biomass, rhizosphere, bulk soil and in microbial biomass after 1 and 40 days. C stocks and delta C-13 signature were quantified in 15 cm intervals down to 105 cm depth. Alfalfa plant biomass was higher and root biomass was more homogeneously distributed between top- (0-30 cm) and subsoil (30-105 cm) compared to chicory. C input into subsoil by alfalfa, including roots and rhizodeposited C, was 8 times higher (3820 kg C ha(-1)) into subsoil compared to chicory after 150 days of growth. Microbial biomass in subsoil increased with alfalfa but decreased with chicory. Despite their general ability to build biopores, taprooted preceding crops differ in creating microbial hotspots in subsoil. Higher C input and microbial growth in subsoil under alfalfa cultivation can improve physico-chemical and biological properties, and so enhance root growth and consequently the water and nutrient uptake from subsoil compared to chicory
In vitro models of human granuloma formation to analyze host-directed therapies
No full textContributed to book by PC Karakousis, R Hafner, ML Gennaro (editors) (2021), in Advances in Host-Directed Therapies Against Tuberculosis
[Freundschaftsbuch von Carl Eduard Cramer (1831-1901)] : 78 Porträts / 20 F. Hafner s/m l. C. Cramer z. fr. Erinneg
No full textDedikationssilhouette nach rechts von Friedrich Hafner, gewidmet Carl Eduard Cramer (1831-1901)Anonyme/r Künstler/inOben Mitte Zeichen einer studentischen Verbindung. Beim Dargestellten könnte es sich um Friedrich Hafner (1830-1913) handeln, der Mitglied der Zofingia und zu dieser Zeit an der Universität Zürich immatrikuliert war, vgl. die Angaben zu Hafner in der Matrikeledition der Universität Zürich (http://www.matrikel.uzh.ch [Stand: 22.03.2017])Aus der Sammlung Carl Eduard Cramer Exemplar der Zentralbibliothek Zürich, Graphische Sammlung und Fotoarchi
Some New Results on the Fischer-Hafner Synthesis of Vanadium Arenes
No full textThe biphasic liquid system formed in the Fisher-Hafner reduction of VCl3 in toluene contains the [V(η6-MeC6H5)2]+ cation which has been isolated in the solid state as the tetraphenylborato- (from aqueous solution) or as the [Al2Cl7]-, [Al4O2Cl10]2- and [catena-Al4O2Cl9]- salt (directly from the biphasic liquid system). The crystal structures of [V(η6-MeC6H5)2]2[Al4O2Cl10] (2), and [V(η6-MeC6H5)2][catena-Al4O2Cl9] (3), have been solved representing the first structural report of the [V(η6-MeC6H5)2]+ cation (compounds 2 and 3) and of the polymeric nonachlorodioxoaluminate anion [Al4O2Cl9]- (compound 3)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Mitomycin C in highly myopic eyes - Author reply
No full textOphthalmology. 2005 Feb;112(2):208-18; discussion 219.
Mitomycin C modulation of corneal wound healing after photorefractive keratectomy in highly myopic eyes.
Gambato C, Ghirlando A, Moretto E, Busato F, Midena E.
SourceRefractive Surgery Service and Antimetabolite Therapy Research Unit, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Abstract
PURPOSE: To evaluate the role of topical mitomycin C in corneal wound healing (CWH) after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in highly myopic eyes.
DESIGN: Prospective, double-masked, randomized clinical trial.
PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-two eyes of 36 patients affected by high (>7 diopters) myopia.
METHODS: In each patient, one eye was randomly assigned to PRK with intraoperative topical 0.02% mitomycin C application, and the fellow eye was treated with a placebo. Postoperatively, mitomycin C-treated eyes received artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months), whereas the fellow eye was treated with fluorometholone sodium 2% and artificial tears (3 times daily, tapered in 3 months).
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity, manifest refraction, and biomicroscopy. Contrast sensitivity was determined using the Pelli-Robson chart. Corneal confocal microscopy documented CWH.
RESULTS: Mean follow-up was 18 months (range, 12-36). No side effects or toxic effects were documented. At 12-month follow-up examination, UCVAs (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were 0.4+/-0.48 and 0.5+/-0.53 (P = .03) in mitomycin C-treated eyes and corticosteroid-treated eyes, respectively. At 1 year, corneal haze developed in 20% of corticosteroid-treated eyes, versus 0% of mitomycin C-treated eyes. At 12, 24, and 36 months, corneal confocal microscopy showed activated keratocytes and extracellular matrix significantly more evident in untreated eyes (Ps = 0.004, 0.024, and 0.046, respectively).
CONCLUSION: Topical intraoperative application of 0.02% mitomycin C can reduce haze formation in highly myopic eyes undergoing PRK.
Comment in
Ophthalmology. 2006 Feb;113(2):357; author reply 357-8
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Tuberculosis
No full textDespite the availability of a cheap and effective treatment, tuberculosis still accounts for millions of cases of active disease and deaths worldwide. The disease disproportionately affects the poorest persons in both high-income and developing countries.1 However, recent advances in diagnostics, drugs, and vaccines and enhanced implementation of existing interventions have increased the prospects for improved clinical care and global tuberculosis control
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