131 research outputs found
The Emirate of Damascus in the early Crusading period, 488-549/1095-1154
No full textThis study "The Emirate of Damascus During the Early
Crusading Period 488-549/1095-1154 deals with this
Emirate which was established in 488/1095, after the
defeat and the murder of Taj al-Dawla Tutush near Rayy
in 488/1095 by his nephew Sultan Berkiyaruq Ibn Sult-an
Malik-Sh5h. The dominions of Ti al-Dawla, mainly in
Syria and the Jazira divided between his elder sons King
Fakhr al-Mullik Ridwan in Aleppo and King Shams al-Muliik
Ducfaq in Damascus. The Kingdom of Damascus comprized
south Syria and some parts of the Jazira such as al-
Rahba and Mayyafäriqin.
Zahir al-Din Tughtekln, who was Atabek of King Duclaq, became the de facto ruler of Damascus during the
reign of King Duqaq 488-497/1095-1104. After the death
of Duqaq, Tughtekin was to be the real Amir of Damascus,
and his dynasty was to gain control of the Emirate until
its fall at the hands of Niir al-Din Mahmild of Aleppo in
549/1154.
In this thesis, the following matters are discussed:
1. The conditions which led to the foundation of this
Emirate.
2. The role of Tughtekin in establishing his authority
in the Emirate.
3. The foreign policy of the Emirate, and the factors
which shaped this policy.
4. The effects (on the Emirate) of the coming of the
Crusaders particularly those of Jerusalem.
S. Internal rivalries in the Emirate, and their
influence on the stability of the Emirate and its
external relations.
6. The policy of alliances adopted by the Emirate and
the factors which affected this.
7. The influence of the growing power of Zangi of
Aleppo and Mosul (521-541/1127-1146) on Damascus and
why he did not succeed in annexing Damascus to his
united front in Syria and the Jazira aimed at
challenging the power of the Crusaders.
8. The reasons which helped Mir al-Din Mahmüd Ibn Zangi
of Aleppo to annex Damascus to his state in
549/1154.
9. The importance of the military power of Damascus and
Its role in protecting the Emirate.
Finally a concluding section sums up the achievement
of the Emirate of Damascus in maintaining its
Independence during the period and the role of the
Emirate in the Counter-Crusade
UA-R-GC-1914-01-01-1956-01-20_Page-156
No full text'Abdul Muhsin Zaki
'Af of Halim (With distinction)
'Aliyya Borolosi
Ann Mary Carayanni
Elise Papazian
Eugenie Butros 'Abdul Malik
Eugenie VJahbi
Fatma Hamza
Fayiz Suleiman 'Ayad
Halim Yassa
Hasan Faiq 'Abdul 'Azim
Ibrahim Rizgallah
Ishaq Kundus Malati
Isis Tawfiq Sali.h
Jeanette Tadros
Kamal Frag Mina
Laurice Girgis
Mary Carandrea
Mary Habib
Muhammad 'Abdul Fattah
Philip Sabir Saif
Ra'uf Bulos Suleiman
Rizgallah Badawi
Rustom Bablanian
Samir Bulos
Sandra Gawli
Saniyya Murqus
Saniyya Riad Bakhum
Yusif Shukri
(Cont'd)
•
Faculty of Education
Division of Extension
'Abdul Rahman 'Abdul 'Alim Muhammad Gamal Uddin Ramzi
'Abdul Rahman Hasan 'Ali Muhammad Hafiz
Ahmad Kamal Zaki Muhammad Ibrahim Badr
Hind Sadiq (with Distinction) Salah Zain Uddin Muhammad
Husain 'Urfi
Master of Arts in Arabic Language and Literature
School of Oriental Studies
Clyde G. Leamaster, B.A.
Thesis: The Book of Meditation by al Ghazali':
(Being a Portion of his Ihya 'Ulum R1 Din)
John Malcolm McLellan, B.A.
Thetis: "The Poetry of Abu al 'Atahiyah"
صحیح البخاری میں انسانی رویوں کی اصلاح: نبی اکرم ﷺ کی تعلیمات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ
No full textThe present study, titled "Sahih al-Bukhari and the Reform of Human Conduct: An Analytical Study of the Teachings of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ", seeks to explore the profound ethical and moral guidance embedded within Sahih al-Bukhari, one of the most authentic collections of Hadith. While much research has focused on the historical, jurisprudential, or theological dimensions of Sahih al-Bukhari, this study emphasizes its practical relevance in shaping human behavior, social interactions, and individual morality. The research adopts a qualitative analytical approach, examining selected hadiths that provide explicit and implicit instructions regarding character building, conflict resolution, interpersonal ethics, and personal discipline.
The study identifies key patterns in the Prophet's ﷺ guidance that consistently encourage justice, moderation, empathy, truthfulness, and accountability. Through systematic thematic analysis, the research highlights how these hadiths address both minor daily decisions and major moral dilemmas, offering a coherent framework for ethical conduct. Furthermore, the study situates these teachings within contemporary contexts, demonstrating their timeless applicability in modern personal, social, and professional spheres.
By critically analyzing the methodology of Sahih al-Bukhari and the Prophet's ﷺ exemplification of ethical principles, this paper provides a comprehensive understanding of how classical hadith literature can serve as a practical manual for cultivating virtuous human behavior. The findings underscore the enduring significance of Sahih al-Bukhari as not merely a religious text but as a repository of actionable guidance that fosters moral integrity, social harmony, and holistic human development
Ref’ul-Hitam ‘An Vakfi Hamza Ve Hişâm (Molla Gürânî’nin Ref’ul-Hitam ‘An Vakfi Hamza Ve Hişâm adlı eserinin edisyon kritiği)
No full textBu tezde öncelikle Osmanlı devrinin büyük ulemalarından Molla Gürânî’nin hayatı kapsamlı bir şekilde ele alındı. Müellifin ilmi yolculuğuna başlamasından itibaren gittiği yerler, karşılaştığı zorluklar, istifade ettiği tarihi kişilikler, Osmanlı diyarına gelme sebebi, Anadolu topraklarında ilmi hayata kattığı değer ve Fatih Sultan Mehmed üzerindeki derin etkisi ile fetihteki rolüne değinildi. O dönemde Anadolu’da ki ilmi ve siyasi durum ile Molla Gürânî’nin Anadolu’da yapmış olduğu vakıflar, telif ettiği eserler, yetiştirdiği ilim adamları ve devlet yönetiminde ki faaliyetlerine de değinildi.Daha sonra ise “Ref’ul-Hitam ‘an Vakfi Hamza ve Hişâm” adlı eserin matbu yazımı yapılarak Süleymaniye/ Lâleli no.57/ 2, Süleymaniye/ Bağdatlı Vehbi no.27 ile Bayezid Umumi no.145 numaralarında bulunan üç farklı el yazması nüsha üzerinden tahkiki yapılmaya çalışıldı.Ehlince malumdur ki kıraat alanındaki en zor konuların başında hemzeli kelimelerin üzerindeki vakıf konusu gelmektedir. Buda hemzeli kelimelerde hemzenin kelimenin ortasında veya sonunda gelmesi, hemzenin öncesinde veya sonrasında bulunan harekeye göre resmi hattı ve bunlara bağlı olarak vakıf halinde ortaya çıkacak olan farklı kıraat vecihleri gibi konuları kapsamaktadır.Müellif kendisinin dahi anlamakta ve bir şeyler ortaya koyabilmekte zorlandığı bu mühim meseleye katkı sunmak maksadıyla ciddi bir çalışma içerisine girişmiştir. Eser de Hamza ve Hişam hazretlerinin ele alınma sebebi hemzeli kelimelerde vakıf halinde en fazla farklı kıraat vechine sahip bu iki imamın olması açısındandır. Müellif, Veliyyullah eş-Şatıbî’nin ‘şatıbiyye’ ismiyle şöhret bulmuş manzum ve ölümsüz eserinin, mütevatir kıraat imamlarından Hamza ve Hişam’ın hemzeli kelimelerdeki vakıf halinde ortaya çıkan farklı kıraat vecihlerini ortaya koyan 234. beytten başlayaraki254. beyite kadar tek tek ele almış ve kelamını bu manzum eserin ilgili kısmına bir şerh olarak getirmiştir.Beyitleri açıklarken izahata girişmiş ve Ca’beri (ö. 732/ 1332), Sibeveyh (ö. 180/ 796), Yunus (ö. 182/ 798) ve Ebu’l-iz el-Vasiti gibi arap dil âlimlerinden de şahitler getirmiştir. Her beyti açıklarken ayetlerin o meseleye örnek olabilecek kelimelerini almış, ayetleri bütün halinde vermemiştir. Bu manada birçok örnekleme yapmıştır. Ancak yer yer ismini zikrettiğimiz âlimleri reddettiği ve eleştirdiği yerlerde bulunmaktadır. Ayrıca en ağır eleştirilerini kıraat alanında ittifakla otorite kabul edilen Muhammed b. Cezeri’ye getirdiğini görmekteyiz.Müellif eleştirilerini getirirken meseleyi sadece reddetmekle kalmayarak delilini de ortaya koymaktadır. Eleştirilerini delille desteklemiş olması tam olarak ilim ehlinden beklenen bir durumdur ve ele aldığı meseleye vukufiyetini göstermesi açısından önemlidir. Yine kadim ulemamızın bu alana vermiş olduğu büyük değeri de ortaya koymaktadır.Bizde bu çalışmayı yaparken, zor bir konu olan hemzeli kelimelerin vakıf meselesinde son derece değerli bir yere sahip olan bu yazma eseri ilim dünyasının istifadesine sunmak üzere yola çıktık.In this thesis, firstly the life of Molla Gürânî, one of the great scholars of the Ottoman period, was discussed in detail. The places where the author went from the beginning of his scientific journey, the difficulties he faced, the historical personalities he benefited, the reason for coming to the Ottoman land, the value he brought to scientific life in Anatolia and his deep influence on Fatih Sultan Mehmed were mentioned. At that time, the scientific and political situation in Anatolia, Molla Gürânî's foundations in Anatolia, the works that he copyrighted, the scientists raised and the state administration activities were also mentioned.Afterwards, “Ref'ul-Hitam ‘an Vakfi Hamza and Hişâm were printed and published in three different manuscripts in Süleymaniye/ Lâleli no.57/ 2, Süleymaniye/ Bağdatlı Vehbi no.27 and Bayezid Umumi no.145. an attempt was made to verify.It is well-known by the competent that the most difficult issues in the field of Quran recitation is the subject of the foundation on the words of the cross. This includes issues such as the presence or absence of the hemze in the words, the official line according to the movement before or after the hemze and the different aspects of the Quran which will emerge as a foundation.The author undertook a serious effort to contribute to this important issue, which he himself had difficulty understanding and presenting. The reason why Hamza and Hisham are handled in the work is the fact that these two imams have the most different Quranic verses in the form of foundations in the words of the same. The author, Veliyyullah eş-Shatibiyye's 'şatıbiyye' has found fame with the name of verse and immortal work, Hamza and Hisham of the imam of the verse and the immortal work of Hamza and Hisham emerged in the form of words in the verse of the verse from the 234th couplet until the 254th and the verse as a commentary. The verse has brought this verse as an annotation to the relevant part of the work.In explaining the couplets he proceeded to explain and brought witnesses from Arab language scholars such as Ca’beri, Sibeveyh, Yunus and Abu El-iz al-Vasiti. In explaining each couplet, he took the words of the verses that could be an example for that matter and did not give the verses in whole. In this sense, he made many samples. However, there are places where he rejects and criticizes the scholars whose names are mentioned. We also see that he brought his most severe criticism to Muhammad b. Cezire who is accepted authority by the alliance.While criticizing, the author not only rejects the matter but also reveals his evidence. The fact that he supported his critics with evidence is exactly what is expected of the scholars and is important in terms of demonstrating his knowledge of the issue he is addressing. It also reveals the great value that our ancient scholars have given to this area.While doing this study, we set out to present this writing, which has a very valuable place in the issue of foundation, which is a difficult issue, to the benefit of the scientific world
The evaluation and utilisation of educational media : a critical study, with proposals for a programme of training for secondary school teachers across the curriculum in Saudi Arabia.
No full textThe purpose of this study is to investigate the
utilisation and evaluation of Educational Media
Technology (EMT) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). It
is a critical study, with proposals for a programme of
training for secondary school teachers across the
curriculum in KSA.
The impetus for this study came from the failure of
KSA's Administration of Education and Equipment to meet
its own objectives in EMT provision, which has led to a
shortage of teachers qualified in the use and evaluation
of EMT. The reasons for this failure lie within the
history of the development of education in KSA, which
started from a low level. The review of relevant
literature provides background evidence of a low level of
EMT awareness, use and evaluation in KSA. This evidence
is substantiated by fieldwork which examines present
conditions and provision throughout KSA.
Fieldwork was conducted through questionnaires,
interviews and school-based observation in five districts
of KSA. The enquiry gathered evidence for male and female
teachers, with and without EMT training; schools-based EMT specialists; EMT experts in Higher Education and
Government; and CCTV technicians. Statistical procedures
were used in the analysis of questionnaires, including
frequency percentage, one-way analysis of variance, and
Tukey's multiple range test.
Among the findings of the enquiry are: continuing
weaknesses in existing provision; the need for improved
and more flexible initial training and in-service EMT
programmes; the need for more EMT specialists, and for
better co-ordination between schools and district
officers in EMT planning and provision.
The extent of these findings have led to the
necessity of a comprehensive consideration of the KSA
educational system as a whole, and thus the overhaul of
teacher training
سنتِ نبوی ﷺ اور جدید معاشرتی چیلنجز: ایک تطبیقی جائزہ
No full textThis study offers a critical and analytical exploration of the Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad (ﷺ) as a comprehensive and dynamic framework for addressing contemporary societal challenges. In an age marked by moral fragmentation, social polarization, digital transformation, and weakening communal bonds, modern societies face complex ethical and social dilemmas that demand principled and sustainable solutions. The research adopts a comparative and applied approach to examine how Prophetic teachings manifested through sayings, actions, and tacit approvals provide enduring guidance for issues such as social justice, ethical communication, family disintegration, economic imbalance, and the crisis of moral authority.
By systematically correlating selected aspects of the Sunnah with present-day social realities, the study highlights the adaptability and universality of Prophetic guidance beyond its original historical context. It demonstrates that the Sunnah is not merely a collection of ritual practices but a holistic moral and social system capable of offering practical responses to modern challenges. The research further argues that neglecting the applied dimensions of the Sunnah has contributed to the widening gap between religious teachings and lived social realities.
Methodologically, the study relies on qualitative textual analysis of primary Hadith sources alongside contemporary sociological insights, aiming to bridge classical Islamic scholarship with modern social discourse. The findings suggest that a contextualized and purpose-oriented understanding of the Sunnah can play a vital role in moral reconstruction, social harmony, and ethical reform in contemporary societies. The study ultimately emphasizes the relevance of the Sunnah as a living model for constructive engagement with the challenges of the modern world
سیرت النبی ﷺ میں روزمرہ زندگی کے چھوٹے فیصلے: ایک عملی رہنمائی
No full textThe life of Prophet Muhammad ﷺ serves as an unparalleled model for ethical conduct, social interaction, and personal development. While much of Seerah literature primarily emphasizes major historical events, political decisions, and religious milestones, the subtle dimensions of his daily life often remain underexplored. This article seeks to bridge that gap by focusing on the seemingly minor yet profoundly impactful decisions and routines observed in his everyday life. Through meticulous examination of authentic Hadiths and classical Seerah sources, the study highlights how the Prophet ﷺ navigated daily challenges, managed interpersonal relationships, maintained spiritual discipline, and demonstrated moral integrity in ordinary circumstances. These seemingly small actions ranging from simple gestures of kindness and fairness to prudent decision-making in domestic and social contexts reveal a framework for practical guidance that remains relevant in contemporary life. By analyzing these aspects, the article underscores the timeless applicability of the Prophet’s ﷺ example, illustrating that even the smallest choices can embody wisdom, foster social harmony, and inspire ethical conduct. This exploration provides readers with a nuanced understanding of how to integrate prophetic principles into personal and societal spheres, emphasizing that the essence of Islamic guidance lies not only in grand events but also in the conscientious management of daily life
al-Misbāh fī al-Nahw By Nāsir al-Dīn al-Mutarrizī al-Nahwī (d. 610/1213) A Critical Edition of the Text with the Life History of the Author
No full textNāsir al-Dīn al-Mutarrizī al-Nahwī (d.610/1213) was one of the most renowned figures in the field of Arabic Grammar. He has left an indelible mark on the world of Arabic language and literature. He is also known as the successor of al-Zamakhsharī.
He wrote a number of books but his al-Misbāh fī al-Nahw gained prominence at a level that no other book in this field could claim to achieve. For this reason, a great number of commentaries have been written in every age, of which the most famous are al-Daw and Khulāsat al-I‘rāb written by Tāj al-Dīn al-Isfrā’īnī and ‘Abd al- Karīm al-Tūsī (better known as Hājjī Bābā) respectively. Moreover, its translation into other languages also demonstrates its value as a useful book.
Although al-Misbāh has been edited on more than one occasion, the published editions do not fulfil the needs and requirements of modern academic research criteria. The basic aim of this thesis is to present this book with a current modern research style so that the students, teachers and ordinary readers of Arabic language and literature may benefit from this work.
This thesis is divided into two parts. The first part deals with the life history of the author and his other works. A brief note of the environment under which he grew up (generally referred to as the ‘Seljuk’ period) is also included in this part.
The second part consists of a text edition that deals with the derivation (Takhrīj) of syntactical issues together with the differing opinions of grammarians on syntactical/grammatical issues. This part also proffers the idiomatic English translation of al-Misbāh
اردو صحافت کا انقلاب آفریں نمائندہ: روزنامہ "انقلاب" اور اس کا سیاسی کردار
No full textIn this article, the author analyzes the rise and fall of the daily Inqilāb, initiated in April 1927 and linked closely with vicissitudes of the ruling Unionist Party in the Punjab. It enjoyed the patronage of Allama Muhammad Iqbal besides material support by the Unionist Party. It was an exponent of Muslims’ political and administrative rights based on the demographics of the region. During the League and Unionist controversy, Inqilāb sided with the Unionists and consequently lost the goodwill and readership of the Muslims
Business Plan for Pakistani Tea Cafe in Helsinki
No full textThe purpose of this thesis was to present the primary steps to take the initiative regarding the scalable business plan. The research and acquired knowledge to create an actual and defined business plan of Establishing Pakistani Tea Café in Helsinki. This study describes how to successfully establish and promote the concept in Helsinki and offers strategies for efficient business planning. It includes all the key elements and turning points that will contribute to being a successful business owner and entrepreneur.
Various literary and web sources were used as theoretical framework to actualize management strategies in Café business context. This business mostly involved quantitative research which was done by the survey through Webropol and to analyze the volume of this business market. In this analysis the business model needs to focus on market conditions, customer demand and the financial aspects of the business, as these were the key factors in implementing any business plan. Our purpose was to make our business eco-friendly such as biodegradable packing and ethically sourced ingredients. Our business vision was to offer more than just tea.
This thesis provides a detailed strategy for opening an environmentally friendly and culturally inspired café in Helsinki. It shows how an idea may become a successful and profitable business with a well-structured plan by combining theoretical knowledge with real-world market research. The study's conclusions and strategies not only support the idea of a Pakistani tea café, but they also act as a guide for prospective business owners hoping to introduce new concepts to the Finnish market
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