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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Optimization of Extraction of Protein from Alfalfa Leaf (Medicago sativa) for Human Consumption
Get PDFLa creixent població mundial està augmentant la demanda de fonts de proteïnes vegetals dietètiques barates i més sostenibles per a complementar o fins i tot reemplaçar fonts cares i limitades de proteïna animal. L'alfals (Medicago sativa) és una important lleguminosa productiva farratgera, àmpliament conreada a tot el món. A causa de la seva alta qualitat nutricional i adaptabilitat, la proteïna de la fulla d'alfals s'usa principalment com un suplement alimentós, mentre que només juga un paper menor en el sector de l'alimentació humana. L'ús de concentrats de proteïnes vegetals derivats de l'alfals en l'alimentació humana està limitat per la seva qualitat negativa, com el color marró, el sabor amarg i els compostos antinutricionals.
Després de la collita de les fulles d'alfals, les proteases endògenes de la fulla estan degradant la proteïna, mentre que els enzims polifenoloxidasa (PPO) i peroxidasa (POD) amb alta activitat inicial estan causant simultàniament l'ennegriment del teixit. El resultat d'aquestes accions és una proteïna fosca i parcialment degradada. Per a evitar aquests efectes negatius en la proteïna extreta, es va dur a terme un primer estudi sobre els efectes del blanqueig en vaporitzar les fulles d'alfals des del començament de la collita. El primer objectiu de la tesi va ser optimitzar la inactivació de PPO, POD i proteases de plantes en fulles d'alfals a través del procés de blanqueig de vapor. També es va investigar l'efecte d'aquest procés en l'índex d’enfosquiment, el color, el nitrogen no proteic i el pes molecular.
Algunes de les propietats indesitjables de l'alfals poden deure's als nivells més alts de saponina com un factor antinutricional principal que es troba en l'alfals. La segona part de la tesi va tenir com a objectiu descobrir les condicions òptimes d'extracció assistida per ultrasò per a obtenir el major rendiment de soponines totals i la seva bioaccesibilitat per a la seva posterior aplicació en els aliments utilitzant la tècnica RSM. A més, s’ha emprat la irradiació UV per a la degradació de les saponines d'alfals a diferents temperatures i pH.
En conseqüència, el procés d'extracció de la proteïna d'alfals com a aliment és extremadament important per aconseguir una proteïna d'alta qualitat sense cap problema de seguretat. Així, s’ha desenvolupat i utilitzat la tècnica de precipitació isoelèctrica alcalina assistida per ultrafiltració ultrasònica (UUAAIP) com un nou procés en l'extracció de proteïnes de les fulles d'alfals. Finalment, es van investigar la composició, les propietats fisicoquímiques i funcionals de la proteïna extreta i es van comparar amb els resultats d'altres mètodes comuns d'extracció.
En cobrir tots els problemes esmentats, aquesta tesi tracta de proporcionar un aïllat de proteïna d'alfals d'alta qualitat sense cap problema de seguretat. Aquesta recerca suggereix que el blanqueig amb vapor de fulles d'alfals senceres fresques en condicions òptimes va ser útil per a evitar l'aparició del color fosc i la degradació de la proteïna extreta. Per tant, la combinació de mètodes d'extracció i purificació va crear un mètode nou i eficient, que pot millorar la puresa, la seguretat, la qualitat i les propietats funcionals de la proteïna d'alfals. La UUAAIP és una tècnica apropiada per a fabricar aïllats de proteïna d'alfals i podria resoldre les restriccions del consum humà de proteïna d'alfals.La creciente población mundial está aumentando la demanda de fuentes de proteínas vegetales dietéticas baratas y más sostenibles para complementar o incluso reemplazar fuentes caras y limitadas de proteína animal. La alfalfa (Medicago sativa) es una importante leguminosa productiva forrajera, ampliamente cultivada en todo el mundo. Debido a su alta calidad nutricional y adaptabilidad, la proteína de la hoja de alfalfa se usa principalmente como un suplemento alimenticio, mientras que solo juega un papel menor en el sector de la alimentación humana. El uso de concentrados de proteínas vegetales derivados de la alfalfa en la alimentación humana está limitado por su calidad negativa, como el color pardo, el sabor amargo y los compuestos antinutricionales.
Después de la cosecha de las hojas de alfalfa, las proteasas endógenas de la hoja están degradando la proteína, mientras que las enzimas polifenoloxidasa (PPO) y peroxidasa (POD) con alta actividad inicial están causando simultáneamente el pardeamiento del tejido. El resultado de estas acciones es una proteína oscura y parcialmente degradada. Para evitar estos efectos negativos en la proteína extraída, se llevó a cabo un primer estudio sobre los efectos del blanqueo al vaporizar las hojas de alfalfa desde el comienzo de la cosecha. El primer objetivo de la tesis fue optimizar la inactivación de PPO, POD y proteasas de plantas en hojas de alfalfa a través del proceso de blanqueo de vapor. También se investigó el efecto de este proceso en el índice de pardeamiento, el color, el nitrógeno no proteico y la masa molecular.
Algunas de las propiedades indeseables de la alfalfa pueden deberse a los niveles más altos de saponina como un factor antinutricional principal que se encuentra en la alfalfa. La segunda parte de la tesis tuvo como objetivo hallar las condiciones óptimas de extracción asistida por ultrasonido para obtener el mayor rendimiento de saponinas totales y su bioaccesibilidad para su posterior aplicación en los alimentos utilizando la técnica RSM. Además, se ha utilizado la irradiación UV para la degradación de las saponinas de alfalfa a diferentes temperaturas y pH.
En consecuencia, el proceso de extracción de la proteína de alfalfa como alimento es extremadamente importante para lograr una proteína de alta calidad sin ningún problema de seguridad. Así, se ha desarrollado y utilizado la técnica de precipitación isoeléctrica alcalina asistida por ultrafiltración ultrasónica (UUAAIP) como un nuevo proceso en la extracción de proteínas de las hojas de alfalfa. Finalmente, se investigaron la composición, las propiedades fisicoquímicas y funcionales de la proteína extraída y se compararon con los resultados de otros métodos comunes de extracción.
Al cubrir todos los problemas mencionados, esta tesis trata de proporcionar un aislado de proteína de alfalfa de alta calidad sin ningún problema de seguridad. Esta investigación sugiere que el blanqueo con vapor de hojas de alfalfa enteras frescas en condiciones óptimas fue útil para evitar la aparición del color oscuro y la degradación de la proteína extraída. Por lo tanto, la combinación de métodos de extracción y purificación creó un método nuevo y eficiente, que puede mejorar la pureza, la seguridad, la calidad y las propiedades funcionales de la proteína de alfalfa. La UUAAIP es una técnica apropiada para obtener aislados de proteína de alfalfa y podría resolver las restricciones del consumo humano de proteína de alfalfa.The world’s growing population is raising the demand for sources of cheap and more sustainable dietary plant proteins to supplement or even replace expensive and limited sources of animal protein. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an important productive forage legume, widely cultivated around the world. Owing to its high nutritional quality and adaptability, the alfalfa leaf protein is mainly used as a feed supplement, while it only plays a minor role in the human food sector. The use of plant protein concentrates derived from alfalfa in human food is limited by their negative quality such as brown color, bitter taste, and anti-nutritional compounds.
After harvesting of the alfalfa leaves, the endogenous proteases of the leaf are degrading the protein while the polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) enzymes with high initial activity are simultaneously causing browning in the tissue. The result of these actions is a dark and a partially degraded protein. To avoid these negative effects in the extracted protein, the authors carried out a first study on the effects of blanching by steaming the leaves of alfalfa from the beginning of the harvest. The first aim of the thesis was to optimize the inactivation of PPO, POD and plant proteases in alfalfa leaves through the steam blanching process. The effect of this process on the browning index, color, non-protein nitrogen and molecular weight was also investigated.
Some of undesirable properties of alfalfa may be due to the higher levels of saponin as a main anti-nutritional factor found in alfalfa. The second part of thesis aimed to find out the optimal conditions of ultrasound-assisted extraction for obtaining the highest yield of total saponins and their bioaccessibility for further application in the food using the RSM. Beside, UV irradiation has been employed for degradation of alfalfa saponins in different temperature and pH.
Accordingly, the extraction process of alfalfa protein as a food is extremely important for achieving a high quality protein without any safety concerns. So the ultrasonic-ultrafiltration-assisted Alkaline Isoelectric precipitation (UUAAIP) technique as a new process was developed and employed in the alfalfa leaves’ protein extraction. Finally, the composition, physiochemical and functional properties of the extracted protein were investigated and compared with the results of other extraction common methods.
By covering all the mentioned issues, this thesis tries to provide alfalfa protein isolate with high quality without any safety concerns. This research suggests that steam blanching of fresh whole alfalfa leaves under the optimum conditions was helpful for avoiding the appearance of the dark color appears and the degradation of the extracted protein. Thus, the combination of methods of extraction and purification created a new and efficient method, which is able to improve the purity, safety, quality and functional properties of alfalfa protein. UUAAIP is an appropriate technique for manufacturing alfalfa protein isolates and could resolve restrictions of human consumption of alfalfa protein
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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