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The Amphibians Of São Paulo State, Brazil Amphibians Of São Paulo [lista De Anf?bios Do Estado De São Paulo]
No full textThe State of São Paulo is one of the most studied regions of Brazil in regard to amphibian species richness and distribution. However, we still do not have a list of species for the State. Therefore, we present here a list including 231 species of amphibians (225 anurans and six caecilians), of which 27 are endemic. We present data about previous and current taxonomists and speculate about future prospects in the study and conservation of amphibian biodiversity in São Paulo State.94197209Araújo, C.O., Condez, T.H., Haddad, C.F.B., Amphibia, Anura, Phyllomedusa ayeaye (B. Lutz, 1966): Distribution extension, new state record, and geographic distribution map (2007) Check List., 3 (2), pp. 156-158Araújo, C.O., Condez, T.H., Haddad, C.F.B., Amphibia, Anura, Barycholos ternetzi, Chaunus rubescens, and Scinax canastrensis: Distribution extension, new state record (2007) Check List., 3 (2), pp. 153-155Berneck, B.V.M., Costa, C.O.R., Garcia, P.C.A., (1795) A New Species of Leptodactylus, pp. 46-56. , Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Atlantic Forest of São Paulo State, Brazil. ZootaxaBrasileiro, C.A., Haddad, C.F.B., Sawaya, R.J., Martins, M., A new and threatened species of Scinax (Anura: Hylidae) from Queimada Grande Island, southeastern Brazil (2007) Zootaxa, 1391, pp. 47-55Brasileiro, C.A., Oyamaguchi, H.M., Haddad, C.F.B., A new island species of Scinax (AnuraHylidae) from Southeastern Brazil (2007) Jour. of Herp., 41 (2), pp. 271-275Frost, D.R., (2009) Amphibian Species of The World: An Online Reference, , http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php, Version 5.2 American Museum of Natural History, New York, (último acesso em 07/10/2009)Faivovich, J., Garcia, P.C.A., Ananias, F., Lanari, L., Basso, N.G., Wheeler, W.C., A molecular perspective on the phylogeny of the Hyla pulchella species group (Anura: Hylidae) (2004) Mol. Phylog. and Evol., 32, pp. 938-950(2003) Lista Da Fauna Brasileira Ameaçada De Extinção. Fundação Biodiversitas, Brasília E Belo Horizonte, , http://www.biodiversitas.org.br/f_ameaca/ibama2.htm, FUNDAÇÃO BIODIVERSITAS, (último acesso em 07/10/2009)Haddad, C.F.B., Biodiversidade dos anfíbios do Estado de São Paulo (1998) Biodiversidade Do Estado De São Paulo, Brasil: Síntese Do Conhecimento Ao Final Do Século XX, 6, pp. 17-26. , (R.M.C. Castro, ed.). FAPESP, São PauloHaddad, C.F.B., Prado, C.P.A., Reproductive modes in frogs and their unexpected diversity in the Atlantic forest of Brazil (2005) BioScience, 55 (3), pp. 207-217Haddad, C.F.B., Sawaya, R.J., Reproductive modes of Atlantic Forest Hylid frogs: A general overview and the description of a new mode (2000) Biotropica, 32 (4 b), pp. 862-871Heyer, W.R., Systematics of the fuscus group of the frog genus Leptodactylus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae) (1978) Sci. Bull. of Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles., 29, pp. 1-85Kronka, F.J.N., Nalon, M.A., Matsukuma, C.K., Pavão, M., Guillaumon, J.R., Cavalli, A.C., Giannotti, E., Haack, P.G., (1998) Áreas De Domínio De Cerrado No Estado De São Paulo, , Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente, São PauloLavilla, E.O., Vaira, M., Ferrari, L., A new species of Elachistocleis (Anura: Microhylidae) from the Andean Yungas of Argentina, with comments on the Elachistocleis ovalis - E. bicolor controversy (2003) Amphibia-Reptilia, 24, pp. 269-284Lourenço, L.B., Bacci, M., Martins, V.G., Recco-Pimentel, S.M., Haddad, C.F.B., Molecular phylogeny and karyotype differentiation in Paratelmatobius and Scythrophrys (Anura, Leptodactylidae) (2007) Genetica, 132 (3), pp. 255-266Marques, R.M., Colas-Rosas, P.F., Toledo, L.F., Haddad, C.F.B., Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae, Melanophryniscus moreirae: Distribution extension (2006) Check List, 2 (1), pp. 68-69Mittermeier, R.A., Gil, P.R., Hoffman, M., Pilgrim, J., Brooks, T., Mittermeier, C.G., Lamoureux, J., Fonseca, G.A.B., (2005) Hotspots Revisited: Earth's Biologically Richest and Most Endangered Terrestrial Ecoregions, , Conservation International, WashingtonOliveira-Filho, A.T., Fontes, M.A.L., Patterns of floristic differentiation among Atlantic Forests in Southeastern Brazil, and the influence of climate (2000) Biotropica, 32 (4 b), pp. 793-810Rossa-Feres, D.C., Martins, M., Marques, O.A.V., Martins, I.A., Sawaya, J.R., Haddad, C.F.B., (2008) Herpetofauna. In Diretrizes Para a Conservação Da Biodiversidade No Estado De São Paulo, pp. 83-94. , (R.R. Rodrigues, C.A. Joly, M.C.W. Brito, A. Paese, J.P. Metzger, L. Casatti, M.A. Nalon, M. Menezes, N.M. Ivanauskas, V. Bolzani & V.L.R. Bononi, coords.). FAPESP, São PauloSazima, I., Bokermann, W.C.A., Cinco novas espécies de Leptodactylus do centro e sudeste brasileiro (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) (1978) Rev. Bras. De Bio., 38 (4), pp. 899-912(2009) Lista De Espécies De Anfíbios E Répteis Do Brasil, , http://www.sbherpetologia.org.br, SOCIEDADE BRASILEIRA DE HERPETOLOGIA - SBH, Sociedade Brasileira de Herpetologia, São Paulo, (ultimo acesso em 07/10/2009)Toledo, L.F., Garcia, P.C.A., Lingnau, R., Haddad, C.F.B., Description of a new species of Sphaenorhynchus (Anura: Hylidae) from Brazil (1658) Zootaxa, pp. 57-68Toledo, L.F., Brasileiro, C.A., Araújo, O.G.S., Haddad, C.F.B., Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Bokermannohyla izecksohni: Distribution extension (2008) Check List., 4 (4), pp. 422-44
Color Polymorphism In Leptodactylus Fuscus (anura, Leptodactylidae): A Defensive Strategy Against Predators?
No full textColor patterns are strongly related to defensive strategies in anurans. Some anurans present more than one morphotype. Leptodactylus fuscus, for example, present two morphotypes (with and without vertebral white line). The proportion of each pattern in nature is different, whereby there are always more individuals without stripes. Therefore, we speculated if this difference in the observed color pattern is due to unequal predation pressures (i.e. stronger over the striped morphotype), and/or if there is a genetic component related to autossomic heritage. To test the selective predation over the morphotypes, we prepared plasticine models of L. fuscus with both phenotypes and placed them in the field. We did not find evidence of predation selection and as we found significant relationships between the proportions of the phenotypes and Mendelian proportions, we suggest that the phenotypes observed in this species are genetically determined (involving dominant and recessive alleles) and may not have a defensive function.316972Brattstrom, B.H., The coral snake mimic problem and protective coloration (1955) Evolution, 9, pp. 217-219Duellman, W.E., Trueb, L., (1986) Biology of Amphibians, , New York, McGraw-Hill Book CompanyGriffiths, A.J.F., Wessler, S.R., Lewontin, R.C., Gelbart, W.M., Suzuki, D.T., Miler, J.H., (2006) Introdução a Genética, , 8th ed. Rio de Janeiro, Guanabara KooganHeyer, R.W., Systematics of the fuscus group of the genus Leptodactylus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae) (1978) Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles County Sci. Bull., 29, pp. 1-85Hoffman, E.A., Blouin, M.S., A review of colour and pattern polymorphisms in anurans (2000) Biol. J. Linn. Soc., 70, pp. 633-665Kuchta, S.R., Experimental support for aposematic coloration in the salamander Ensatina eschscholtzii xanthoptica: Implications for mimicry of Pacific Newts (2005) Copeia, 2, pp. 265-271Saporito, R.A., Zuercher, R., Roberts, M., Gerow, K.G., Donnelly, M.A., Experimental evidence for aposematism in the dendrobatid poison frog Oophaga pumilio (2007) Copeia, 4, pp. 1006-1011Sherbrooke, W.C., Do vertebral-line patterns in two horned lizards (Phrynosoma spp.) mimic plant-stem shadows and stem litter? (2002) J. Arid. Environ., 50, pp. 109-120Toledo, L.F., Haddad, C.F.B., Colors and some morphological traits as defensive mechanisms in anurans (2009) Int. J. Zool., pp. 1-12. , 910892:Toledo, L.F., Zina, J., Haddad, C.F.B., Distribuição temporal e espacial de uma comunidade de anfíbios anuros no município de Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brasil (2003) Holos Environ, 3, pp. 197-212Toledo, L.F., Silva, R.R., Haddad, C.F.B., Anurans as prey: An exploratory analysis and size relationships between predators and their prey (2007) J. Zool., 271, pp. 170-177Zar, J.H., (1999) Biostatistical Analysis, , New Jersey, Prentice Hal
Visual And Acoustic Communication In The Brazilian Torrent Frog, Hylodes Asper (anura: Leptodactylidae)
Get PDFWe studied the signaling, territorial, and courtship behaviors of the diurnal frog Hylodes asper. Visual and acoustic communication were used during intraspecific interactions involving males, females, and subadults. Hylodes asper has a complex visual communication system, of which foot-flagging is the most distinctive display observed in the repertoire of visual signals. The splash zone produced by the waterfalls and torrents creates a high, nearly constant, humidity near the streams, reducing the risk of desiccation which enables the diurnal activity of H. asper. Although the ambient sound pressure levels (SPL), measured at the calling sites, are similar to the SPL of the advertisement calls, the high-pitched calls of H. asper are spectrally different from the noise produced by the water current. Thus, the ambient noise produced by the water current may not interfere significantly with the acoustic communication of this species. The noise and the nearly constant and high humidity produced by the torrents and waterfalls, along with the availability of light, probably favored the evolution of contrasting colors and visual communication in H. asper. Males of H. asper excavate underwater chambers that are probably used to shelter the eggs and to prevent the clutch from being drifted downstream.553324333Cardoso, A.J., Haddad, C.F.B., Variabilidade acústica em diferentes populações e interações agressivas de hyla minuta (amphibia, anura) (1984) Ciência e Cultura, 36, pp. 1393-1399Castanho, L.M., (1994) História Natural de Phyllomedusa Distincta, Na Mata Atlântica Do Município de Sete Barras, Estado de São Paulo (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae), , M.S. Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, BrasilDavison, G.W.H., Foot-flagging display in Bornean frogs (1984) Sarawak Museum Journal, 33, pp. 177-178Dubois, A., Martens, J., A case of possible vocal convergence between frogs and a bird in Himalayan torrents (1984) Journal für Ornithologie, 125, pp. 455-463Duellman, W.E., Truee, L., (1986) Biology of Amphibians, , McGraw-Hill, New York, New York, U.S.ADurant, P., Dole, J.W., Aggressive behavior in Colostethus (= Prostherapis) collaris (Anura: Dendrobatidae) (1975) Herpetologica, 31, pp. 23-26Faria, D.M., Casais, L.L., Silva, E., Rodrigues, M.T., (1993) Nota Sobre a Reprodução de Hylodes Phyllodes (Anura, Leptodactylidae), p. 150. , Livro de resumos, 3° Congresso Latino-Americano de Herpetologia, Campinas, São Paulo, BrasilFrost, D.R., Amphibian species of the world (1985) A Taxonomic and Geographical Reference, , Allen Press and The Association of Systematics Collections, Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.AGerhardt, H.C., Communication and the environment (1983) Animal Behaviour, Vol. 2: Communication, 2, pp. 82-113. , T. R. Halliday and P. J. B. Slater (Eds.), W. H. Freeman, New York, New York, U.S.AGiaretta, A.A., Bokermann, W.C.A., Haddad, C.F.B., A review of the genus Megaelosia (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with a description of a new species (1993) Journal of Herpetology, 27, pp. 276-285Gouvêa, H., Uma nova espécie de elosiineo da serra do itatiaia (amphibia, anura, leptodactylidae) (1979) Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 39, pp. 855-859Haddad, C.F.B., Pombal J.P., Jr., Bastos, R.P., New species of Hylodes from the Atlantic Forest of Brazil (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) (1996) Copeia, 1996, pp. 965-969Haddad, C.F.B., Sazima, I., Anfibios anuros da serra do japi (1992) História Natural Da Serra Do Japi: Ecologia e Preservação de Uma Área Florestal No Sudeste Do Brasil, pp. 188-211. , L. P. C. Morellato (Ed.), Editora da UNICAMP/FAPESP, Campinas, São Paulo, BrasilHarding, K.A., Courtship display in a Bornean frog (1982) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 95, pp. 621-624Heyer, W.R., Two new species of the frog genus Hylodes from Caparaó, Minas Gerais, Brasil (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) (1982) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 95, pp. 377-385Heyer, W.R., Cocroft, R.B., Descriptions of two new species of Hylodes from the Atlantic forests of Brazil (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae) (1986) Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 99, pp. 100-109Heyer, W.R., Rand, A.S., Cruz, C.A.G., Peixoto, O.L., Nelson, C.E., Frogs of Boracéia (1990) Arquivos de Zoologia, São Paulo, 31, pp. 231-410Hödl, W., Rodrigues, M.T., Acçaçio, G.M., Lara, P.H., Pavan, D., Schiesari, L.C., Skuk, G., (1997) Foot-flagging Display in the Brazilian Stream-breeding Frog Hylodes Asper (Leptodactylidae), , Austrian Federal Institut of Scientific Film (ÖWF), Vienna, Austria. [Film Ctf 2703]Lehner, P.N., (1979) Handbook of Ethological Methods, , Garland STPM Press, New York, New York, U.S.ALindquist, E.D., Hetherington, T.E., Field studies on visual and acoustic signaling in the "earless" Panamanian golden frog, Atelopus zeteki (1996) Journal of Herpetology, 30, pp. 347-354Martins, M., Biologia reprodutiva de leptodactylus fuscus em boa vista, roraima (amphibia, anura) (1988) Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 48, pp. 969-977Observations on the reproductive behaviour in the Smith frog, Hyla faber (1993) Herpetological Journal, 3, pp. 31-34Martins, M., Pombal J.P., Jr., Haddad, C.F.B., Escalated aggressive behaviour and facultative parental care in the nest building gladiator frog, Hyla faber (1998) Amphibia-Reptilia, 19, pp. 65-73Pombal J.P., Jr., Sazima, I., Haddad, C.F.B., Breeding behavior of the pumpkin toadlet, Brachycephalus ephippium (Brachycephalidae) (1994) Journal of Herpetology, 28, pp. 516-519Richards, S.J., James, C., (1992) Foot-Flagging Displays of Some Australian Frogs Memoirs of the Queensland Museum, 32, p. 302Vielliard, J.M.E., Cardoso, A.J., Adaptações de sinais sonoros de anfibios e aves a ambientes de riachos com corredeiras (1996) Herpetologia Neotropical: Actas del II Congreso Latinoamerieano de Herpetología, 2, pp. 97-119. , J. E. Pefaur (Ed.), Univ. de Los Andes, Consejo de Publ., Consejo de Desarrolo Cientifico, Humanistico y Tecnologico, Merida, VenezuelaWells, K.D., Social behavior and communication of a dendrobatid frog (Colostethus trinitatis) (1980) Herpetologica, 36, pp. 189-199The effect of social interactions on anuran vocal behavior (1988) The Evolution of the Amphibian Auditory System, pp. 433-454. , B. Fritzsch, M. J. Ryan, W. Wilezynsky, T. E. Hetherington, and W. Walkowiak (Eds.), John Wiley & Sons, New York, New York, U.S.AWeygoldt, P., Carvalho E Silva, S.P., Mating and oviposition in the hylodine frog Crossodactylus gaudichaudii (Anura: Leptodactylidae) (1992) Amphibia-Reptilia, 13, pp. 35-45Winter, J., Macdonald, R., Eungella: The land of the cloud (1986) Australian Natural History, 22, pp. 39-43Zar, J.H., (1996) Biostatistical Analysis, 3rd Ed., , Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, U.S.
Behavioural Defences Of Anurans: An Overview
No full textAmong vertebrates, defensive behaviours have been reviewed for fishes, salamanders, reptiles, birds, and mammals, but not yet for anuran amphibians. Although several defensive strategies have been reported for anurans, with a few exceptions these reports are limited in scope and scattered in the literature. This fact may be due to the lack of a comprehensive review on the defensive strategies of anurans, which could offer a basis for further studies and insights on the basic mechanisms that underlie these strategies, and thus lead to theoretical assumptions of their efficacy and evolution. Here we review the present knowledge on defensive behavioural tactics employed by anurans, add new data on already reported behaviours, describe new behaviours, and speculate about their origins. A total of 30 defensive behaviours (some with a few sub-categories) are here recognised. The terminology already adopted is here organised and some neologies are proposed. Some of the behaviours here treated seem to have an independent origin, whereas others could have evolved from pre-existent physiological and behavioural features. The role of predators in the evolution of defensive behaviours is still scarcely touched upon and this overview adds data to explore this and other evolutionary unsolved questions. © 2011 Dipartimento di Biologia Evoluzionistica dell'Università, Firenze, Italia.231125Andreone, F., Boophis albilabris (NCN). Defensive behavior (2002) Herpetological Review, 33 (4), pp. 299-300Angulo, A., Funk, W.C., Hyla calcarata (Rana de Espolones) and Hyla fasciata (NCN). Defensive behavior (2006) Herpetological Review, 37 (2), pp. 203-204Azevedo-Ramos, C., Defensive behaviors of the Neotropical treefrog Hyla geographica (Anura, Hylidae) (1995) Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 55 (1), pp. 45-47Bajger, J., Diversity of defensive responses in populations of fire toads (Bombina bombina and Bombina variegata) (1980) Herpetologica, 36 (2), pp. 133-137Barbour, T., A contribution of the zoogeography of the West Indies, with especial reference to amphibians and reptiles (1914) Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 44, pp. 242-243Behler, J.L., Behler, D.A., (2005) Frogs: A Chorus of Colors, , New York: Sterling PublishingBertoluci, J., Brassaloti, R.A., Sawakuchi, H.O., Ribeiro Jr., J.W., Woehl Jr., G., Defensive behavior with stiff-legged posture in the Brazilian tree toads Dendrophryniscus brevipollicatus and D. leucomystax (Anura, Bufonidae) (2007) Alytes, 25 (1-2), pp. 38-44Blair, A.P., Defensive use of parotoid secretion by Bufo marinus (1947) Copeia, p. 137Boice, R., Williams, R.C., Delay in onset of tonic immobility in Rana pipiens (1971) Copeia, (4), pp. 747-748Boulenger, G.A., Further notes on the African batrachians Trichobatrachus and Gampsosteonyx (1902) Proceedings of the Zoological Society, 1901 (2), pp. 709-710Brodie III, E.D., Brodie Jr., E.D., Predator-prey arms races (1999) BioScience, 49 (7), pp. 557-568Brodie Jr., E.D., Salamander antipredator postures (1977) Copeia, pp. 523-535Brodie Jr., E.D., Antipredator adaptation of salamanders: Evolution and convergence among terrestrial species (1983) Plant, Animal, and Microbial Adaptation to Terrestrial Environments, pp. 109-133. , Margaris N.S. et al., Eds.New York: PlenumBrodie Jr., E.D., Antipredator behavior of Chinese salamanders (1990) Zoological Research, 11 (1), pp. 7-18Brodie Jr., E.D., Formanowicz Jr., D.R., Palatability and antipredator behavior of the treefrog Hyla versicolor to the shrew Blarina brevicauda (1981) Journal of Herpetology, 15 (2), pp. 235-236Brodie Jr., E.D., Nussbaum, R.A., Antipredator responses of Rana tigrina to a crow (1987) Herpetological Review, 18 (1), pp. 8-9Brodie Jr., E.D., Nussbaum, R.A., Digiovanni, M., Antipredator adaptations of Asian salamanders (Salamandridae) (1984) Herpetologica, 30, pp. 79-85Brodie Jr., E.D., Tumbarello, M.S., The antipredator functions of Dendrobates auratus (Amphibia, Anura, Dendrobatidae) skin secretion in regard to a snake predator (Thamnophis) (1978) Journal of Herpetology, 12 (2), pp. 264-265Brodie Jr., E.D., Williams, C.R., Tyler, M.J., Evolution of aposematic behavior and coloration in the Australian frog genus Uperoleia (1998) Journal of Herpetology, 32 (1), pp. 136-139Brusquetti, F., Baldo, D., Motte, M., Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae, Melanophryniscus krauczuki: Geographic distribution map and first record for Paraguay (2007) Check List, 3 (2), pp. 141-142Caro, T., (2005) Antipredator Defenses in Birds and Mammals, , Chicago/London: The University of Chicago PressCarvalho Jr., R.R., Leptodactylus mystacinus (Mustached Frog). Deimatic behavior (2005) Herpetological Review, 36 (2), p. 161Cei, J.M., (1962) Batracios de Chile, , Santiago: Editora de la Universidad del ChileCei, J.M., Amphibians of Argentina (1980) Monitore Zoologico Italiano (N.S.) Monografia, p. 2Cei, J.M., Espina, S., La vibración sexual preventiva ("warning vibration") en Pleurodema chilenas (1957) Investigaciones Zoológicas Chilenas, 4, pp. 15-21Channing, A., Howell, K., Phlyctimantis keithae (Wot-wot). Defensive behavior (2003) Herpetological Review, 34 (1), pp. 52-53Chuaynkern, Y., Inthara, C., Duengkae, P., Leptobrachium smithi (Smith's Litter Frog). Antipredator behavior (2007) Herpetological Review, 38 (3), pp. 323-324Chuaynkern, Y., Inthara, C., Kumtong, P., Kaloula pulchra (Painted Burrowing Frog). Antipredator behavior (2008) Herpetological Review, 39 (2), p. 208Cook, C.L., Ferguson, W.H., Telford, S.R., Adaptive male parental care in the giant bullfrog, Pyxicephalus adspersus (2001) Journal of Herpetology, 35 (2), pp. 310-315Das, I., Leong, T.M., Hui, H., Nyctixalus pictus (Cinnamon Tree Frog). Defensive behavior (2004) Herpetological Review, 35 (4), pp. 373-374Dodd Jr., C.K., A bibliography of anuran defensive mechanisms (1976) Smithsonian Herpetological Information Service, 37, pp. 1-10Donoso-Barros, R., Datos adicionales y comportamiento agresivo de Calyptocephalella caudiverbera (Linnaeus) (1972) Boletin de la Sociedad de Biologia de Concepcion, 45, pp. 95-103Drake, D.L., Ranvestel, A.W., Hyalinobatrachium colymbiphyllum (Glass Frog). Egg mass defense (2005) Herpetological Review, 36 (4), p. 434Duellman, W.E., Klaas, L.T., The biology of the hylid frog Triprion petasatus (1964) Copeia, (2), pp. 308-321Duellman, W.E., Lizana, M., Biology of a sit-and-wait predator, the leptodactylid frog Ceratophrys cornuta (1994) Herpetologica, 50, pp. 51-64Duellman, W.E., Trueb, L., (1994) Biology of Amphibians, , Baltimore, London: The Johns Hopkins University PressEdmunds, M., (1974) Defence in Animals: A Survey of Anti-predator Defences, , New York: LongmanEisner, T., (2005) Secret Weapons: Defenses of Insects, Spiders, Scorpions, and Other Many-legged Creatures, , New York: Harvard University PressEmerson, S.B., Skull shape in frogs: Correlations with diet (1985) Herpetologica, 41, pp. 177-188Evans, D.L., Schmidt, J.O., (1990) Insect Defenses, , Albany: State University of New York PressFabrezi, M., A survey of prepollex and prehallux variation in anuran limbs (2001) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 131, pp. 227-248Fabrezi, M., Emerson, S.B., Parallelism and convergence in anuran fangs (2003) Journal of Zoology, 260, pp. 41-51Faivovich, J., Haddad, C.F.B., Garcia, P.C.A., Frost, D.R., Campbell, J.A., Wheeler, W.C., Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: Phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision (2005) Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 294, pp. 1-240Firschein, L., Phragmosis and the "unken reflex" in a Mexican hylid frog, Pternohyla fodiens (1951) Copeia, 1, p. 74Formas, J.R., Poblete, V., Eupsophus emiliopugini (NCN). Aggressive behavior (1996) Herpetological Review, 27 (3), pp. 139-140Frost, D.R., (2010) Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference, , http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/, Version 5.4 (8 April, 2010). Electronic database accessible,New York: American Museum of Natural HistoryGarcia, P.C.A., Scytroprhys sawayae (NCN). Defensive behavior (1999) Herpetological Review, 30 (4), p. 224García-París, M., Deban, S.M., A novel antipredator mechanism in salamanders: Rolling escape in Hydromantes platycephalus (1995) Journal of Herpetology, 29 (1), pp. 149-151Giaretta, A.A., Cardoso, A., Reproductive behavior of Cycloramphus dubius Miranda-Ribeiro (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) (1995) Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 12 (2), pp. 229-232Giaretta, A.A., Martins, L., Notes on the call and behavior of Arcovomer passarellii (Anura: Microhylidae) (2009) Herpetology Notes, 2, pp. 91-93Grant, J.B., Rana palustris (Pickerel Frog). Production of odor (2001) Herpetological Review, 32 (2), p. 183Green, D.M., Antipredator behaviour and skin glands in the New Zealand native frogs, genus Leiopelma (1988) New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 15, pp. 39-45Greenbaum, E., The influence of prey-scent stimuli on predatory behavior of the North American copperhead Agkistrodon contortrix (Serpentes: Viperidae) (2004) Behavioral Ecology, 15, pp. 345-350Greene, H.W., Antipredator mechanism in reptiles (1988) Biology of the Reptilia, 16, pp. 1-152. , Gans C. & Huey R., Eds., New York: Alan R. LissHaberl, W., Wilkinson, J.W., A note on the unkenreflex and similar defensive postures in Rana temporaria (Anura, Amphibia) (1997) British Herpetological Society Bulletin, 61, pp. 16-20Haddad, C.F.B., Giaretta, A.A., Visual and acoustic communication in the Brazilian torrent frog, Hylodes asper (Anura: Leptodactylidae) (1999) Herpetologica, 55, pp. 324-333Hagman, M., Dendrobates pumilio (Poison Frog). 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Habitat Split As A Cause Of Local Population Declines Of Amphibians With Aquatic Larvae: Contributed Paper
No full textMost amphibian species have biphasic life histories and undergo an ontogenetic shift from aquatic to terrestrial habitats. In deforested landscapes, streams and forest fragments are frequently disjunct, jeopardizing the life cycle of forest-associated amphibians with aquatic larvae. We tested the impact of habitat split - defined as human-induced disconnection between habitats used by different life-history stages of a species - on four forest-associated amphibian species in a severely fragmented landscape of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. We surveyed amphibians in forest fragments with and without streams (referred to as wet and dry fragments, respectively), including the adjacent grass-field matrix. Our comparison of capture rates in dry fragments and nearby streams in the matrix allowed us to evaluate the number of individuals that engaged in high-risk migrations through nonforested habitats. Adult amphibians moved from dry fragments to matrix streams at the beginning of the rainy season, reproduced, and returned at the end of the breeding period. Juveniles of the year moved to dry fragments along with adults. These risky reproductive migrations through nonforested habitats that expose individuals to dehydration, predation, and other hazards may cause population declines in dry fragments. Indeed, capture rates were significantly lower in dry fragments compared with wet fragments. Declining amphibians would strongly benefit from investments in the conservation and restoration of riparian vegetation and corridors linking breeding and nonbreeding areas. © 2009 Society for Conservation Biology.241287294(2006) Pluviosity Database - Agência Nacional de Águas., , http://www.ana.gov.br, Agência Nacional de águas (ANA). Brasília. Brazil. 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A New Species Of Brachycephalus From The Atlantic Rain Forest In São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil (amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae)
No full textWe describe a new toadlet species of the genus Brachycephalus from the Atlantic rain forest in the State of São Paulo, in southeastern Brazil. Specimens were collected from the leaf litter at approximately 750 m above sea level. The new species differs from its congers by the following combination of characteristics: SVL in adult males 11.3-12.1 mm and SVL in adult females 13.4-14.2 mm, skin on head and dorsum with co-ossification, general color in life orange with dorsal greenish irregular markings covered with small dark spots and dots, skull hyperossified, spinal processes of sacral and pre-sacral vertebrae hyperossified, and hyperossification of the distal end of the process of the fourth vertebra. The new species shares with most other Brachycephalus species remarkable traits, such as miniaturization and hyperossification of the skeleton. The new species probably occurs in isolation in highlands of the Atlantic Forest. © 2010 by the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists.3410420Alves, A.C.R., Ribeiro, L.F., Haddad, C.F.B., Reis, S.F., Two new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic forest in Paraná state, southern Brazil (2006) Herpetologica, 62, pp. 221-233Alves, A.C.R., Sawaya, R., Reis, S.F., Haddad, C.B.F., A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic rain forest in São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil (2009) Journal of Herpetology, 43, pp. 212-219Bookstein, F.L., (1991) Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data, , Cambridge University Press, New YorkBookstein, F.L., Biometrics, biomathematics and the morphometric synthesis (1996) Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 58, pp. 313-365Catros, S., Pothuaud, L., Dard, M., Fricain, J.C., Collagen fibrils of human acellular extrinsic fiber cementum (2008) Journal of Periodontology, 79, pp. 1095-1100Clemente-Carvalho, R.B.G., Antoniazzi, M., Jared, C., Haddad, C.F.B., Alves, A.C.R., Rocha, H.S., Pereira, G.R., Reis, S.F., Hyperossification in miniaturized toadlets of the genus Brachycephalus (Amphibia: Anura: Brachycephalidae): Microscopic structure and macroscopic patterns of variation (2009) Journal of Morphology, 270, pp. 1285-1295Clemente-Carvalho, R.B.G., Monteiro, L.R., Bonato, V., Rocha, H.S., Pereira, G.R., Oliveira, D.F., Lopes, R.T., Reis, S.F., Geographic variation in cranial shape in the pumpkin toadlet (Brachycephalus ephippium): A geometric analysis (2008) Journal of Herpetology, 42, pp. 176-185Fabrezi, M., Morphological evolution of Ceratophryinae (Anura, Neobatrachia) (2006) Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 44, pp. 153-166Frost, D.R., (2007) Amphibian Speciesofthe World: An Online Reference, , http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.html, Version 3.0 22 August 2004, Electronic Database available at, American Museum of Natural History, New YorkGiaretta, A.A., (1999) Diversidade e Densidade de Anuros de Serapilheira Num Gradiente Altitudinal na Mata Atlântica Costeira, , Unpubl. Ph. D. thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, BrazilGiaretta, A.A., Sawaya, R.J., Second species of Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae) (1998) Copeia, 1998, pp. 985-987Goodall, C.R., Procrustes methods in the statistical analysis of shape (1991) Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B., 53, pp. 285-339Hanken, J., Adaptation of bone growth to miniaturization of body size (1993) Bone Growth, pp. 79-104. , B. K. Hall ed.. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FloridaHanken, J., Wake, D.B., Miniaturization of body size: Organismal consequences and evolutionary significance (1993) Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 24, pp. 501-519Hedges, S.B., Duellman, W.E., Heinicke, M.P., New World direct-development frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation (2008) Zootaxa, 1737, pp. 1-182Izecksohn, E., Novo gênero e nova espécie de Brachycephalidae no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil (1971) Boletim Do Museu Nacional Zoologia, 280, pp. 1-12Jared, C., Antoniazzi, M.M., Navas, C.A., Katchburian, E., Freymüller, E., Tambourgi, D.V., Rodrigues, M.T., Head co-ossification, phragmosis and defence in the casque-headed tree frog Corythomantis greeningi (2005) Journal of Zoology (London), 265, pp. 1-8Klingenberg, C.P., Barluenga, M., Meyer, A., Shape analysis of symmetric structures: Quantifying variation among individuals and asymmetry (2002) Evolution, 56, pp. 1909-1920Krzanowski, W.J., (1989) Principles of Multivariate Analysis: A User's Perspective, , Clarendon Press, OxfordKrzanowski, W.J., Radley, D., Nonparametric confidence and tolerance regions in canonical variates analysis (1989) Biometrics, 45, pp. 1163-1173Larson, P.M., Chondrocranial morphology and ontogenetic allometry in larval Bufo americanus (Anura, Bufonidae) (2004) Zoomorphology, 123, pp. 95-106Lingnau, R., Canedo, C., Pombal Jr., J.P., A new species of Hylodes (Anura: Hylodidade) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (2008) Copeia, 2008, pp. 595-602Pimenta, B.V.S., Bérnils, R.S., Pombal Jr., J.P., Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae, Brachycephalus hermogenesi: Filling gap and geographic distribution map (2007) Check List, 3, pp. 277-279Pombal Jr., J.R., A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Atlantic rain forest of southeastern Brazil (2001) Amphibia-reptilia, 22, pp. 179-185Pombal Jr., J.P., Gasparini, J.L., A new Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Rainforest of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil (2006) South American Journal Herpetology, 1, pp. 87-93Pombal Jr., J.P., Wistuba, E.M., Bornschein, M.R., A new species of brachycephalid (Anura) from the Atlantic rain forest of Brazil (1998) Journal of Herpetology, 32, pp. 70-74Ribeiro, L.F., Alves, A.C.R., Haddad, C.F.B., Reis, S.F., Two new species of Brachycephalus Günther, 1858 from the state of Paraná, southern Brazil (Amphibia, Anura, Brachycephalidae) (2005) Boletim Do Museu Nacional, 519, pp. 1-18Ringrose, T.J., Alternative confidence regions for canonical variate analysis (1996) Biometrika, 83, pp. 575-587Rocha, H.S., Pereira, G.R., Anjos, M.J., Faria, P., Kellermann, G., Pérez, C.A., Tirao, G., Lopes, R.T., Diffraction enhanced imaging and X-ray fluorescence microtomography to analyze biological samples (2007) X-ray Spectrometry, 36, pp. 247-253Rohlf, F.J., Relative-warp analysis and an example of its application to mosquito wings (1993) Contributions to Morphometrics, pp. 131-159. , L. F. Marcus, E. Bello, and A. Garcia-Valdecasas eds.. Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, MadridRohlf, F.J., Morphometric spaces, shape components and the effect of linear transformation (1996) Advances in Morphometrics, pp. 117-129. , L. F. Marcus, M. Corti, A. Loy, G. Naylor, and D. E. Slice eds.. 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Molecular Phylogeny And Karyotype Differentiation In Paratelmatobius And Scythrophrys (anura, Leptodactylidae)
No full textParatelmatobius and Scythrophrys are leptodactylid frogs endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic forest and their close phylogenetic relationship was recently inferred in an analysis that included Paratelmatobius sp. and S. sawayae. To investigate the interspecific relationships among Paratelmatobius and Scythrophrys species, we analyzed a mitochondrial region (approximately 2.4 kb) that included the ribosomal genes 12S and 16S and the tRNAval in representatives of all known localities of these genera and in 54 other species. Maximum parsimony inferences were done using PAUP*and support for the clades was evaluated by bootstrapping. A cytogenetic analysis using Giemsa staining, C-banding and silver staining was also done for those populations of Paratelmatobius not included in previous cytogenetic studies of this genus in order to assess their karyotype differentiation. Our results suggested Paratelmatobius and Scythrophrys formed a clade strongly supported by bootstrapping, which corroborated their very close phylogenetic relationship. Among the Paratelmatobius species, two clades were identified and corroborated the groups P. mantiqueira and P. cardosoi previously proposed based on morphological characters. The karyotypes of Paratelmatobius sp. 2 and Paratelmatobius sp. 3 described here had diploid chromosome number 2n = 24 and showed many similarities with karyotypes of other Paratelmatobius representatives. The cytogenetic data and the phylogenetic analysis allowed the proposal/corroboration of several hypotheses for the karyotype differentiation within Paratelmatobius and Scythrophrys. Namely the telocentric pair No. 4 represented a synapomorphy of P. cardosoi and Paratelmatobius sp. 2, while chromosome pair No. 5 with interstitial C-bands could be interpreted as a synapomorphy of the P. cardosoi group. The NOR-bearing chromosome No. 10 in the karyotype of P. poecilogaster was considered homeologous to chromosome No. 10 in the karyotype of Scythrophrys sp., chromosome No. 9 in the karyotype of Paratelmatobius sp. 1, chromosome No. 8 in the karyotypes of Paratelmatobius sp. 2 and of Paratelmatobius sp. 3, and chromosome No. 7 in the karyotype of P. cardosoi. A hypothesis for the evolutionary divergence of these NOR-bearing chromosomes, which probably involved events like gain in heteochromatin, was proposed. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.1323255266Cochran, D.M., Diagnoses of new frogs from Brazil (1938) Proc Biol Soc Wash, 51, pp. 41-42Darst, C.R., Cannatella, D.C., Novel relationships among hyloid frogs inferred from 12S and 16S mitochondrial DNA sequences (2004) Mol Phylogenet Evol, 31, pp. 462-475Felsenstein, J., Confidence limits on phylogenies: An approach using the bootstrap (1985) Evolution, 39, pp. 783-791Faivovich, J., Haddad, C.F.B., Garcia, P.C.A., Frost, D.R., Campbell, J.A., Wheeler, W.C., Systematic review of the frog family Hylidae, with special reference to Hylinae: A phylogenetic analysis and taxonomic revision (2005) Bull Am Mus Nat Hist, 294, pp. 1-240Frost, D.R., (2006) Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. V. 4, , http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php, (17 August 2006). Electronic Database accessible at American Museum of Natural History, New York, USAFrost, D.R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R.H., Haas, A., Haddad, C.F.B., De Sá, R.O., Wheeler, W.C., The amphibian tree of life (2006) Bull Am Mus Nat Hist, 297, pp. 1-371Garcia, P.C.A., (1996) Recaracterização de Scythrophrys sawayae (Cochran 1953) Baseada Em Morfologia, Osteologia e Aspectos Da Miologia e História Natural (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae), pp. 1-78. , Masteŕs dissertation - PUCC RSGiaretta, A.A., Castanho, L.M., Nova espécie de Paratelmatobius (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae) da Serra do Mar, Brasil (1990) Pap Avul Zool, São Paulo, 37, pp. 133-139Goebel, A.M., Donnelly, J.M., Atz, M.E., PCR primers and amplification methods for 12S ribosomal DNA, the control region, cytochrome oxidase I, and cytochrome b in bufonids and other frogs, and an overview of PCR primers which have amplied DNA in amphibians successfully (1999) Mol Phylogenet Evol, 11, pp. 163-199Gonçalves, Martínez-Solano, H.I., Ferrand, N., García-París, M., Conflicting phylogenetic signal of nuclear vs mitochondrial DNA markers in midwife toads (Anura, Discoglossidae, Alytes): Deep coalescence or ancestral hybridization? (2007) Mol Phylogenet Evol, 44, pp. 494-500Grant, T., Frost, D.R., Caldwell, J.P., Gagliardo, R., Haddad, C.F.B., Kok, P.J.R., Means, D.B., Wheeler, W.C., Phylogenetic systematics of dart-poison frogs and their relatives (Amphibia: Athesphatanura: Dendrobatidae) (2006) Bull Am Mus Nat Hist, 299, pp. 1-262Heyer, W.R., A preliminary analysis of the intergeneric relationships of the frog family Leptodactylidae (1975) Smith Contr Zool, 199, pp. 1-55Heyer, W.R., Variation and systematics of frogs of the genus Cycloramphus (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae) (1983) Arq Zool, 30, pp. 235-339Howell, W.M., Black, D.A., Controlled silver staining of nucleolus organizer regions with a protective colloidal developer: A 1-step method (1980) Experientia, 36, pp. 1014-1015King, M., C-banding studies on Australian hylid frogs: Secondary constriction structure and the concept of euchromatin transformation (1980) Chromosoma, 80, pp. 191-217Koblmüller, S., Duftner, N., Sefc, K.M., Aibara, M., Stipacek, M., Blanc, M., Egger, B., Sturmbauer, C., Reticulate phylogeny of gastropod-shell-breeding cichlids from Lake Tanganyika - The result of repeated introgressive hybridization (2007) BMC Evol Biol, 7, p. 7. , (doi:10.1186/1471-2148-7-7)Lourenço, L.B., Garcia, P.C.A., Recco-Pimentel, S.M., Cytogenetics of two species of Paratelmatobius (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with phylogenetic comments (2000) Hereditas, 133, pp. 201-209Lourenço, L.B., Garcia, P.C.A., Recco-Pimentel, S.M., Intrageneric karyotypic divergence in Scythrophrys (Anura, Leptodactylidae) and new insights on the relationship with the leptodactylid Paratelmatobius (2003) Ital J Zool, 70, pp. 183-190Lourenço, L.B., Garcia, P.C.A., Recco-Pimentel, S.M., Cytogenetics of a new species of Paratelmatobius cardosoi group (Anura: Leptodactylidae), with the description of an apparent case of pericentric inversion (2003) Amphibia-Reptilia, 24, pp. 47-55Lutz, B., Carvalho, A.L., Novos anfíbios anuros das serras costeiras do Brasil (1958) Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 56, pp. 239-249Lynch, J.D., Evolutionary relationships, osteology, and zoogeography of leptodactyloid frogs (1971) Univ Kans Mus Nat Hist, Misc Publ, 53, pp. 1-238Pombal Jr., J.P., Haddad, C.F.B., Frogs of the genus Paratelmatobius (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with descriptions of two new species (1999) Copeia, 1999, pp. 1014-1026Ron, S.R., Santos, J.C., Cannatella, D.C., Phylogeny of the túngara frog genus Engystomops (=Physalaemus pustulosus species groupAnura: Leptodactylidae) (2006) Mol Phylogenet Evol, 39, pp. 392-403Schmid, M., Chromosome banding in Amphibia. I. Constitutive heterochromatin and nucleolus organizer regions in Bufo and Hyla (1978) Chromosoma, 66, pp. 361-388Schmid, M., Olert, J., Klett, C., Chromosome banding in Amphibia. III. Sex chromosomes in Triturus (1979) Chromosoma, 71, pp. 29-55Swofford, D.L., (2000) Phylogenetic Analysis Using Parsimony, Version 4.0b4a, , Illinois Natural History Survey Champaig
The Review Of The Brazilian Forest Act: Harmful Effects On Amphibian Conservation [a Revisão Do Código Florestal Brasileiro: Impactos Negativos Para A Conservação Dos Anfíbios]
No full textIn the last months there is a growing discussion in Brazil about a new Brazilian Forest Act (Código Florestal). This new proposal, in substitution to the current Act, includes modifications which will affect negatively natural populations of amphibians. Besides the deleterious impacts upon amphibians, it will also harm the national and international human populations. Among the possible effects, in consequence of the associate amphibian population declines or complete loss, we cite the increase of agricultural production costs, loss of primary sources of compounds for the medical industry, generalized ecological disequilibrium, eutrofication of water bodies, increase in the costs of water (for humans) treatment, increase of agricultural plagues, and increase of insect borne diseases. All these effects are of high relevance, even more if we consider the population declines of amphibians, the most threatened terrestrial vertebrate group in the world. Therefore, we propose that if a new Forest Act must be prepared, that it should be based, besides in unlikely immediate economical benefits to farm owners, in scientific knowledge which benefits nature conservancy, economy, health, and human welfare.1043538Araújo, O.G.S., Toledo, L.F., Garcia, P.C.A., Haddad, C.F.B., Lista de anfíbios do Estado de São Paulo (2009) Biota Neotrop, 9 (4), pp. 1-13Becker, C.G., Fonseca, C.R., Haddad, C.F.B., Batista, R.F., Prado, P.I., Habitat Split and the Global Decline of Amphibians (2007) Science, 318, pp. 1775-1777Camargo, A.C.M., Perspective for pharmaceutical innovation in Brazil - Center for Applied Toxinology (CEPID- Center for Research, Innovation and Dissemination - FAPESP) (2005) J. Venom. Anim. Toxins Incl. Trop. Dis, 11 (4), pp. 384-390Cruz, C.A.G., Feio, R.N., Endemismos em anfíbios em áreas de altitude na Mata Atlântica no sudeste do Brasil (2007) Herpetologia no Brasil II, pp. 117-126. , (L.B. Nascimento & M.E. Oliveira, ed.). Sociedade Brasileira de Herpetologia, Belo HorizonteDixo, M., Metzger, J.P., Morgante, J.S., Zamudio, K.R., Habitat fragmentation reduces genetic diversity and connectivity among toad populations in the Brazilian Atlantic Coastal Forest (2009) Biol. Cons, 142, pp. 1560-1569Frost, D.R., Amphibian Species of the world: An online reference. Version 5. 4 (2010) American Museum of Natural History, , http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia/, New York, USAHaddad, C.F.B., Toledo, L.F., Prado, C.P.A., Atlantic Forest Amphibians (2008) Editora Neotropica, , São PauloHayes, T.B., Falso, P., Gallipeau, S., Stice, M., The cause of global amphibian declines: A developmental endocrinologist's Perspective (2010) J. Exp. Biol, 213, pp. 921-933McCallum, M., Amphibian decline or extinction? Current declines dwarf background extinction rate (2007) J. Herpetol, 41 (3), pp. 483-491Metzger, J.P., Lewinsohn, T.M., Joly, C.A., Verdade, L.M., Martinelli, L.A., Rodrigues, R.R., Brazilian law: Full speed in reverse? (2010) Science, 329, pp. 276-277Michalski, F., Norris, D., Peres, C.A., No return from biodiversity loss (2010) Science, 329, p. 1282Oza, G.M., Ecological effects of the frog's legs trade (1990) Environmentalist, 10 (1), pp. 39-42Pimenta, B.V.S., Haddad, C.F.B., Nascimento, L.B., Cruz, C.A.G., Pombal, J.P., Comment on status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide (2005) Science, 309 (5743)Pounds, J.A., Climate and amphibian declines (2001) Nature, 410, pp. 639-950Pounds, J.A., Bustamante, M.R., Coloma, L.A., Consuegra, J.A., Fogden, M.P.L., Foster, P.N., La Marca, E., Young, B.E., Widespread amphibian extinctions from epidemic disease driven by global warming (2006) Nature, 439, pp. 161-167Pukala, T.L., Bowie, J.H., Maselli, V.M., Musgrave, I.F., Tyler, M.J., Host-defense peptides from the glandular secretions of amphibians: Structure and activity (2006) Nat. Prod. Rep, 23, pp. 368-393Raghavendra, K., Sharma, P., Dash, A.P., Biological control of mosquito populations through frogs: Opportunities & constrains. Indian (2008) J. Med. Res, 128, pp. 22-25(2010) Brazilian Amphibians - List of Species, , http://www.sbherpetologia.org.br, Sociedade Brasileira de Herpetologia - SBH, ultimo acesso em 1/07/2010Stuart, S.N., Chanson, J.S., Cox, N.A., Young, B.E., Rodrigues, A.S.L., Fischman, D.L., Waller, R.W., Status and trends of amphibian declines and extinctions worldwide (2004) Science, 306, pp. 1783-1786Toledo, L.F., Anfíbios como bioindicadores (2009) Bioindicadores da Qualidade Ambiental, pp. 196-208. , (S. Neumann-Leitão & S. El-Dier, org.)., Instituto Brasileiro Pró-Cidadania, RecifeWake, D.B., Vredenburg, V.T., Are we in the midst of the sixth mass extinction? A view from the world of amphibians (2008) PNAS, 105 (1), pp. 11466-1147
New Species Of Brachycephalus (anura: Brachycephalidae) From The Atlantic Rain Forest In São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil
No full textA new species of brachycephalid frog is described from São Luís do Paraitinga, in the Atlantic Rain Forest of São Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. The new species is characterized by male SVL = 10.8-12.1 and female SVL = 12.6-14.0 mm; and general color orange with dorsal reddish irregular markings, lateral surfaces with small dark brown spots, and belly with brownish spots and small dots. Comparisons with other brachycephalid species and osteological data are provided. Copyright © 2009 Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles.432212219ALVES, A.C.R., RIBEIRO, L.F., HADDAD, C.F.B., REIS, S.F., Two new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic forest in Paraná State, southern Brazil (2006) Herpetologica, 62, pp. 221-233AUSTIN, J.D., LOUGHEED, S.C., BOGART, J., BOAG, P.T., Molecular perspectives on the evolutionary affinities of an enigmatic Neotropical frog, Allophryne ruthveni (2002) Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 134, pp. 335-346BOOKSTEIN, F.L., (1991) Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data, , Cambridge University Press, New YorkBOOKSTEIN, F.L., Biometrics, biomathematics and the morphometric synthesis (1996) Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, 58, pp. 313-365CLEMENTE-CARVALHO, R.B.G., MONTEIRO, L.R., BONATO, V., ROCHA, H.S., PEREIRA, G.R., OLIVEIRA, D.F., LOPES, R.T., REIS, S.F., Geographic variation in cranial shape in the Pumpkin Toadlet (Brachycephalus ephippium): A geometric analysis (2008) Journal of Herpetology, 42, pp. 176-185FABREZI, M., Morphological evolution of Cerato-phryinae (Anura, Neobatrachia) (2006) Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 44, pp. 153-166FROST, D. R. 2007. Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 5.1 (10 October, 2007). Electronic database accessible at http://research.amnh.org/herpetology/amphibia/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New YorkGIARETTA, A.A., SAWAYA, R.J., Second species of Psyllophryne (Anura: Brachycephalidae) (1998) Copeia 1998, pp. 985-987HEYER, W.R., Systematics of the Leptodactylus pentadactylus species group of the genus Leptodactylus (1979) Smithsonian Contributions in Zoology, 301, pp. 1-41IZECKSOHN, E., Novo gênero e nova espécie de Brachycephalidae no estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Boletim do Museu Nacional (1971) Zoologia, 280, pp. 1-12LARSON, P.M., Chondrocranial morphology and ontogenetic allometry in larval Bufo americanus (Anura, Bufonidae) (2004) Zoomorphology, 123, pp. 95-106LOUGHEED, S.C., AUSTIN, J.D., BOGART, J.P., BOAG, P.T., CHEK, A.A., Multi-character perspectives on the evolution of intraspecific differentiation in Neotropical hylid frog (2006) BMC Evolutionary Biology, 6, pp. 1-16LYNCH, J.D., DUELLMAN, W.E., Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus in western Ecuador: Systematics, ecology, and biogeography. University of Kansas, Natural History Museum (1997) Special Publication, 23, pp. 1-236MARDIA, K.V., KENT, J.T., BIBBY, J.M., (2006) Multivariate Analysis, , Academic Press, New YorkOLIVEIRA-FILHO, A.T., FONTES, M.A.L., Patterns of floristic differentiation among Atlantic forests in southeastern Brazil and the influence of climate (2000) Biotropica, 32, pp. 793-810POMBAL JR., J.P., A new species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from Atlantic Rain Forest of southeastern Brazil (2001) Amphibia-Reptilia, 22, pp. 179-185POMBAL JR., J.P., GASPARINI, J.L., A new Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Rainforest of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil (2006) South American Journal Herpetology, 1, pp. 87-93POMBAL JR., J.P., WISTUBA, E.M., BORNSCHEIN, M.R., A new species of Brachycephalid (Anura) from the Atlantic Rain Forest of Brazil (1998) Journal of Herpetology, 32, pp. 70-74RIBEIRO, L.F., ALVES, A.C.R., HADDAD, C.F.B., REIS, S.F., Two new species of Brachycephalus from Paraná State, southern Brazil (Anura, Brachy-cephalidae). Boletim Museu Nacional (2005) Zoologia, 519, pp. 1-18RINGROSE, T.J., Alternative confidence regions for canonical variate analysis (1996) Biometrika, 83, pp. 575-587ROHLF, F.J., LOY, A., CORTI, M., Morphometric analysis of Old World Talpidae (Mammalia, Insectivora) using partial-warp scores (1996) Systematic Biology, 45, pp. 344-362SMITHE, F.B., (1975) Naturalist's Color Guide, , American Museum of Natural History, New YorkSTAYTON, C.T., RUTA, M., Geometric morphometrics of the skull roof of stereospondyls (Amphibia: Temnospondyli) (2006) Palaeontology, 49, pp. 307-337VON ZUBEN, F.J.L.C., DUARTE, G., STANGENHAUS, L.M., PESSÔ, A., REIS, S.F., Bootstrap confidence regions for canonical variates: Application to studies of evolutionary differentiation (1998) Biometrical Journal, 40, pp. 327-339YEH, J., The effect of miniaturized body size on skeletal morphology in frogs (2002) Evolution, 56, pp. 628-64
Advertisement And Territorial Calls Of Brachycephalus Pitanga (anura: Brachycephalidae)
No full text[No abstract available]33026667Alves, A.C., Sawaya, R.J., Dos Reis, S.F., Haddad, C.F.B., New Species of Brachycephalus (Anura: Brachycephalidae) from the Atlantic Rain Forest in São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil (2009) Journal of Herpetology, 43, pp. 212-219Frost, D.R., (2011) Amphibian Species of the World: An Online Reference. Version 5.5, , http://research.amnh.org/vz/herpetology/amphibia, accessed 27 February 2012Padial, J.M., De La Riva, I., Integrative taxonomy reveals cryptic Amazonian species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) (2009) Zoological Journal of Linnean Society, 155, pp. 97-122Pombal Jr., J.P., Sazima, I., Haddad, C.F.B., Breeding behavior of the pumpkin toadlet, Brachycephalus ephippium (Brachycephalidae) (1994) Journal of Herpetology, 28, pp. 516-519Verdade, K.V., Rodrigues, M.T., Cassimiro, J., Pavan, D., Liou, N., Lange, M.C., Advertisement call, Vocal activity, and geographic distribution of brachycephalus hermogenesi (Giaretta and Sawaya, 1998) (Anura, Brachycephalidae) (2008) Journal of Herpetology, 42, pp. 542-54
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