1,721,205 research outputs found
Preoperative carbohydrates: what is new?
No full textPurpose of reviewThe aim of this review is to give an overview of recently published articles covering preoperative carbohydrate loading in surgical patients.Recent findingsBetween January 1, 2017, and December 31, 2019, 26 publications addressing the effect of carbohydrate load were retrieved through a systematic search. Seventeen were randomized clinical trials, three prospective observational studies and six retrospective series with case-control comparison. Most of the studies were underpowered, addressed surrogate endpoints, and variability among dose and timing of carbohydrate (CHO) treatment was high. The most recent literature endorses preoperative carbohydrate loading up to 2 h before operations as a safe treatment. The new evidence confirm that this strategy is effective in reducing perioperative insulin resistance and the proportion of hyperglycemia episodes, and improving patient well-being and comfort but without affecting surgery-related morbidity.SummaryFurther properly designed randomized clinical trials, addressing more clinically relevant endpoints such as length of hospitalization and morbidity rate, are warrant. © 2020 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved
Management of Pancreatic Fistula in Acute Pancreatitis
No full textSevere acute necrotizing pancreatitis can cause destruction of the main pancreatic duct, smaller ducts or pancreatic parenchyma and can lead to leakage of pancreatic juice in terms of a pancreatic fistula formation. Internal fistulas to the gastrointestinal tract, bronchi, pleural, mediastinal space, pericardium, and other organs have to be differentiated from external cutaneous fistulas. As internal fistulas are often clinically asymptomatic, they are more difficult to diagnose and may not immediately be detected. In contrast, external fistulas are observed more often and can be easily be diagnosed by analyzing the pancreatic enzyme content of the respective fluid. To differentiate between simple and complex fistulas radiological imaging should be performed. Conventional fistulography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can be used for this purpose. ERCP has the additional therapeutic value in terms of placement of a stent to bridge the leak site, which may contribute to the definitive resolution of partial pancreatic duct disruption. Simple internal and external fistulas tend to close spontaneously. Therefore, these fistulas are usually managed conservatively in the beginning using supportive regimens. If leaks do not resolve endoscopic stenting or percutaneous drainage is recommended in the majority of cases. Persistent fistulas require surgery as an alternative treatment option. Surgery usually requires a resection of the fistula-bearing pancreatic region and should be postponed as long as possible
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Experience of two European Centers on Central Pancreatectomy for Neuroendocrine tumors of the Pancreas
No full textDispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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