1,720,962 research outputs found
You shall know a word’s gender by the company it keeps : comparing the role of context in human gender assumptions with MT
No full textIn this paper, we analyse to what extent machine translation (MT) systems and humans base their gender translations and associations on role names and on stereotypicality in the absence of (generic) grammatical gender cues in language. We compare an MT system’s choice of gender for a certain word when translating from a notional gender language, English, into a grammatical gender language, German, with the gender associations of humans. We outline a comparative case study of gender translation and annotation of words in isolation, out-of-context, and words in sentence contexts. The analysis reveals patterns of gender (bias) by MT and gender associations by humans for certain (1) out-of-context words and (2) words in-context. Our findings reveal the impact of context on gender choice and translation and show that wordlevel analyses fall short in such studies
Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Gender-Inclusive Translation Technologies
No full textA competence matrix for machine translation-oriented data literacy teaching
No full textThis article presents a matrix of competence descriptors aimed at machine translation-oriented data literacy teaching. This competence matrix constitutes the didactics-facing side of the DataLitMT project, which develops learning resources for teaching relevant components of data literacy in their translation-specific form of professional machine translation (MT) literacy to BA and MA students in translation and specialised communication. After highlighting the increasing relevance of both professional MT literacy and data literacy in the context of Translation Studies and professional translation, the article presents and discusses a professional MT literacy framework and an MT-specific data literacy framework, which serve to structure the two frames of reference relevant to this article. Then, the article provides a detailed discussion of the competence matrix developed based on the two frameworks sketched previously. This discussion is intended to show how the individual dimensions and sub-dimensions of data literacy were linked to relevant (sub-)dimensions of professional MT literacy and translated into corresponding competence descriptors. To conclude, the article presents an example of a learning resource for MT-oriented data literacy teaching developed based on the descriptors of the competence matrix
Outline of a didactic framework for combined data literacy and machine translation literacy teaching
No full textThis paper outlines a didactic framework for combined data literacy and machine translation (MT) literacy teaching for translation and specialised communication students. The framework is being developed in the context of the DataLitMT project, a publicly funded project at the Institute of Translation and Multilingual Communication at TH Koln - University of Applied Sciences, Germany, which develops didactic resources for teaching data literacy in its translation-specific form of MT literacy to students of BA and MA programmes in translation and specialised communication studies. After discussing the high relevance of machine translation literacy and data literacy in professional translation contexts, the paper introduces the DataLit(MT) project and discusses a framework of professional MT literacy and an MT-oriented data literacy framework, which form the two theoretical pillars of the project. Also, the interface between MT literacy and data literacy will be illustrated by showing how specific (sub)dimensions of data literacy can be mapped to relevant (sub)dimensions of professional MT literacy. Finally, the paper presents some preliminary didactic resources of the DataLit(MT) project - concerned with social biases in MT, with MT training data preparation and with automatic MT quality evaluation - and discusses how these resources can be used to teach specific (sub)dimensions of data literacy and professional MT literacy to students in the fields of translation/specialised communication studies
DeBiasByUs : raising awareness and creating a database of MT bias
No full textThis paper presents the project initiated by the BiasByUs team resulting from the 2021 Artificially Correct Hackaton. We briefly explain our winning participation in the hackaton, tackling the challenge on ‘Database and detection of gender bi-as in A.I. translations’, we highlight the importance of gender bias in Machine Translation (MT), and describe our pro-posed solution to the challenge, the cur-rent status of the project, and our envi-sioned future collaborations and re-search
DataLitMT : teaching data literacy in the context of machine translation literacy
No full textThis paper presents the DataLitMT project conducted at TH Koln – University of Applied Sciences. The project develops learning resources for teaching data literacy in its translation-specific form of professional machine translation (MT) literacy to students of translation and specialised communication programmes at BA and MA levels. We discuss the need for data literacy teaching in a translation/specialised communication context, present the three theoretical pillars of the project (consisting of a Professional MT Literacy Framework, an MT-specific data literacy framework and a competence matrix derived from these frameworks) and give an overview of the learning resources developed as part of the project
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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