1,720,956 research outputs found
Using Experimental Auctions to Examine Teen Demand for JUUL
Full text linkIn recent years, e-cigarette use has been increasing rapidly, specifically among teens, creating a need for public health officials/policymakers to understand the determinants of demand for vape. The CDC acknowledges JUUL as being the most popular e-cigarette brand among teens and attributes, in part, the rise in teen nicotine use to JUUL (Ali et.al. 2020). While a significant body of research estimates demand for cigarettes and e-cigarettes, given JUUL’s newer emergence on the market, there is less research on that brand. Since JUUL is so popular among teens, it may be necessary to estimate the demand for JUUL separately rather than assuming these products have the same demand. This paper examines two key questions: what is teenagers’ demand for JUUL? Do teenagers who are non-users, but susceptible to using tobacco, have a higher demand for JUUL, relative to other tobacco products? To estimate this demand, we conducted experimental auctions with 188 teens in Columbia, South Carolina. These were real auctions where winners purchased tobacco products while losers kept their money allotment. Participants included users/non-users of nicotine products who bid on various nicotine products, including cigarettes and e-cigarettes/vapes (of different flavors, nicotine levels, and flavors), as well as a JUUL starter kit. Results suggest that there is a significantly higher demand for JUUL relative to both cigarettes and e-cigarettes/vapes. Further, we find modest evidence to suggest that susceptibility plays a role in the demand that teens have for JUUL products relative to the demand for cigarettes and traditional e-cigarettes/vapes
Case Study: Norway’s Gun Violence Correlation
Full text linkIt is commonly accepted in academic literature that there is a correlation between a high gun ownership rate and high gun violence, or death rates, in a country. This theory is summarized by an article written in “Epidemiologic Reviews,” a leading review journal of public health, which states, “…specific restrictions on purchase, access, and use of firearms are associated with reductions in firearm deaths” (Santaella-Tenorio, Villaveces, Galea, & Cerdá, 2010); however, there is one an outlier of the theory. The case of Norway has the independent variable of this theory, in a sense that there is a high rate of gun ownership; however, Norway doesn’t have the expected outcome of high gun violence that should happen if this theory were to be true. Since the case is an outlier in this theory, it is a most likely case; there are the traits described in the theory without the expected outcome. There can be a coincidental correlation between two things; there may be other independent variables that are the cause of the event. In this case, a high rate of gun violence, or deaths, (the dependent variable) isn’t caused by the high rate of gun ownership (the independent variable). This shows that although Norway has a high gun ownership rate, it does not have a high gun violence rate. This is due to primarily three underlying independent variables: the Norwegian culture, citizen/government relationship, and education
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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