727 research outputs found
Book Review: Habtamu Wondimu - "Handbook of Peace and Human Rights Education in Ethiopia"
No full textHabtamu WondimuHandbook of Peace and Human Rights Education in Ethiopia,Organization for Social Science Research in Eastern and Southern Africa(OSSREA), Addis Ababa, 200
sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121211048748 – Supplemental material for Alcohol use disorder and its determinant factors among patients with schizophrenia attending treatment at mental specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-smo-10.1177_20503121211048748 for Alcohol use disorder and its determinant factors among patients with schizophrenia attending treatment at mental specialized hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study by Habtamu Tadesse, Yohannes Mirkana and Tadesse Misgana in SAGE Open Medicine</p
Impact of built environment on hydrological regimes of Addis Ababa
No full textUrbanization takes place takes place in Ethiopia early 1900‟s. The rate is different from place to place; this is mainly due to social and economic influences. Among the big cities of Africa Addis Ababa is the one with high population low planned urbanization influence. This lack of proper settlement plan of the city influences its hydrological regimes due to influence on main streams of the city
The built environment of Addis Ababa includes Asphalt roads, paved roads, residential areas, commercial and industrial areas and other big infrastructures. The purpose of this study was to show the impact of built environment on hydrological regimes of Addis Ababa through defining hydrological parameters by using SCS (soil conservation Service) method to evaluate surface runoff generated as result of rainfall and it is impact on streams.
The study focused on the city of Addis Ababa without considering the entire Akaki watershed. Three periods of land use maps were considered in the analysis. The land use periods are 1984, 1986 and 2002, the first two maps was obtained from Ethiopian mapping agency and the 2002 one is from Addis Ababa city Administration which developed by City master plan office. The land use maps were digitized using GIS. Based on the three periods the land uses types categorized as Asphalt, Agriculture, Forest, Paved, Built and Park and Cemetery. Using parameter,curve number for each land use types surface runoff was calculated. Accordingly it was found out that since 1984 the runoff potential has changed from 0.28 in 1984to 0.45 in 2002. This is due to the expansion of the city and increasing of built environment, which was expressed by composite Curve Number and Soil Retention. The composite curve number has changed from 84.6 in 1984 to 91.1 in 2002.This change has been also observed when we delineated twelve sub catchments using ARC SWAT and GIS . Based on the analysis we found change of surface runoff was observed. The characteristics of streams which found in the delineated sub catchments also changed .The time of concentration for streams in delineated sub catchments reduced by twenty seven percent in small streams (intermittent). Therefore it is important to consider the impact of land use change in planning and design of urban infrastructure.Master's degre
Who benefits from promoting small and medium scale enterprises ? some empirical evidence from Ethiopia
No full textThe Addis Ababa Integrated Housing Development Program aims to tackle the housing shortage and unemployment that prevail in Addis Ababa by deploying and supporting small and medium scale enterprises to construct low-cost housing using technologies novel for Ethiopia. The motivation for such support is predicated on the view that small firms create more jobs per unit of investment by virtue of being more labor intensive and that the jobs so created are concentrated among the low-skilled and hence the poor. To assess whether the program has succeeded in biasing technology adoption in favor of labor and thereby contributed to poverty reduction, the impact of the program on technology usage, labor intensity, and earnings is investigated using a unique matched workers-firms dataset, the Addis Ababa Construction Enterprise Survey. The data are representative of all registered construction firms in Addis and were collected specifically for the purpose of analyzing the impact of the program. The authors find that program firms do not adopt different technologies and are not more labor intensive than non-program firms. There is an earnings premium for program participants, who tend to be relatively well-educated, which is heterogeneous and highest for those at the bottom of the earnings distribution.Labor Markets,Access to Finance,Economic Theory&Research,Microfinance,Labor Policies
Book Review: Handbook of Peace and Human Rights Education in Ethiopia
No full textTitle of the Book: Handbook of Peace and Human Rights Education in Ethiopia
Author: Habtamu Wondimu
Publisher: OSSREA, Addis Ababa
Year of publication: 2008
 
Cataract surgery in Southern Ethiopia: distribution, rates and determinants of service provision.
No full textBACKGROUND: Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide, with the greatest burden found in low-income countries. Cataract surgery is a curative and cost-effective intervention. Despite major non-governmental organization (NGO) support, the cataract surgery performed in Southern Region, Ethiopia is currently insufficient to address the need. We analyzed the distribution, productivity, cost and determinants of cataract surgery services. METHODS: Confidential interviews were conducted with all eye surgeons (Ophthalmologists & Non-Physician Cataract Surgeons [NPCS]) in Southern Region using semi-structured questionnaires. Eye care project managers were interviewed using open-ended qualitative questionnaires. All eye units were visited. Information on resources, costs, and the rates and determinants of surgical output were collected. RESULTS: Cataract surgery provision is uneven across Southern Region: 66% of the units are within 200 km of the regional capital. Surgeon to population ratios varied widely from 1:70,000 in the capital to no service provision in areas containing 7 million people. The Cataract Surgical Rate (CSR) in 2010 was 406 operations/million/year with zonal CSRs ranging between 204 and 1349. Average number of surgeries performed was 374 operations/surgeon/year. Ophthalmologists and NPCS performed a mean of 682 and 280 cataract operations/surgeon/year, respectively (p = 0.03). Resources are underutilized, at 56% of capacity. Community awareness programs were associated with increased activity (p = 0.009). Several factors were associated with increased surgeon productivity (p 2 years, working in a NGO/private clinic, working in an urban unit, having a unit manger, conducting outreach programs and a satisfactory work environment. The average cost of cataract surgery in 2010 was US37.6-312.6). Units received >70% of their consumables from NGOs. Mangers identified poor staff motivation, community awareness and limited government support as major challenges. CONCLUSIONS: The uneven distribution of infrastructure and personnel, underutilization by the community and inadequate attention and support from the government are limiting cataract surgery service delivery in Southern Ethiopia. Improved human resource management and implementing community-oriented strategies may help increase surgical output and achieve the "Vision 2020: The Right to Sight" targets for treating avoidable blindness
High prevalence of bovine tuberculosis in dairy cattle in central Ethiopia : implications for the dairy industry and public health
No full textBACKGROUND: Ethiopia has the largest cattle population in Africa. The vast majority of the national herd is of indigenous zebu cattle maintained in rural areas under extensive husbandry systems. However, in response to the increasing demand for milk products and the Ethiopian government's efforts to improve productivity in the livestock sector, recent years have seen increased intensive husbandry settings holding exotic and cross breeds. This drive for increased productivity is however threatened by animal diseases that thrive under intensive settings, such as bovine tuberculosis (BTB), a disease that is already endemic in Ethiopia. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: AN EXTENSIVE STUDY WAS CONDUCTED TO: estimate the prevalence of BTB in intensive dairy farms in central Ethiopia; identify associated risk factors; and characterize circulating strains of the causative agent, Mycobacterium bovis. The comparative intradermal tuberculin test (CIDT), questionnaire survey, post-mortem examination, bacteriology, and molecular typing were used to get a better understanding of the BTB prevalence among dairy farms in the study area. Based on the CIDT, our findings showed that around 30% of 2956 tested dairy cattle from 88 herds were positive for BTB while the herd prevalence was over 50%. Post-mortem examination revealed gross tuberculous lesions in 34/36 CIDT positive cattle and acid-fast bacilli were recovered from 31 animals. Molecular typing identified all isolates as M. bovis and further characterization by spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR typing indicated low strain diversity within the study area. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: This study showed an overall BTB herd prevalence of 50% in intensive dairy farms in Addis Ababa and surroundings, signalling an urgent need for intervention to control the disease and prevent zoonotic transmission of M. bovis to human populations consuming dairy products coming from these farms. It is suggested that government and policy makers should work together with stakeholders to design methods for the control of BTB in intensive farms in Ethiopi
Barter in practice: a case study of liwac transaction in Addis Ababa
No full textThe author examines the contemporary liwac or barter system in Addis Ababa, a thriving part of the informal economy which involves the exchange of household goods for second-hand clothes and shoes. He concludes that this form of transaction positively co-exists with and is not superseded by the monetised economy.This article is hosted by our co-publisher Taylor & Francis.</p
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