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PENERAPAN METODE DEBAT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN SEJARAH: Penelitian Tindakan Kelas Di Kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Pasundan 8 Bandung
No full textPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi dari keresahan penulis terhadap kurangnya aktivitas belajar siswa dalam proses pembelajaran sejarah, hal ini jelas bertentangan dengan tujuan dari suatu kegiatan pembelajaran bahwa asas aktivitas merupakan asas penting dalam proses pembelajaran. Kemudian kegiatan pembelajaran yang hanya terpusat kepada guru saja, membuat siswa menjadi pasif di kelas. Berangkat dari permasalahan di atas, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa. Untuk mewujudkannya, penulis mencoba menggunakan metode debat sebagai alat atau stimulus yang digunakan dalam meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa. Pada penelitian kali ini, penulis menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas dengan mengadopsi model Kemmis & Mc. Taggart. Adapun kegiatan-kegiatan yang dilakukan terdiri dari perencanaan (plan), tindakan (act), pengamatan (observe), dan refleksi (reflect). Subyek dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI IPS 2 SMA Pasundan 8 Bandung. Kemudian teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah dengan menggunakan lembar observasi pelaksanaan metode debat dan aktivitas belajar siswa, studi dokumentasi, wawancara bebas dan tak terstruktur. Berdasarkan hasil temuan di lapangan, setelah diterapkan metode debat dalam pembelajaran sejarah, menunjukan ada perubahan yang positif dari aktivitas belajar siswa. Berdasarkan tiga siklus yang dilakukan peningkatan sebesar 90 point terjadi pada siklus yang kedua, dan 169 point pada siklus yang ketiga. Peningkatan yang ditunjukan ini terlihat dari aktivitas belajar siswa yang meliputi aktivitas melihat, menulis, berbicara, dan mendengarkan. Berdasarkan uraian di atas, pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode debat dapat meningkatkan aktivitas belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran sejarah. Hal ini terbukti pada siklus ketiga yang merupakan puncak dari penelitian, dimana siswa mampu mencapai nilai aktivitas belajar dengan kategori baik dan sangat baik. Melihat hasil yang diperoleh, dapat disimpulkan bahwa, proses pembelajaran ini bisa menjadi solusi dalam proses pembelajaran untuk menjawab masalah-masalah pada pembelajaran di kelas.
This research is motivated from unrest author of the lack of activity of students in the learning process of history, it is clearly contrary to the goal of a learning activity that principle activity is an important principle in the learning process. Then just learning activities centered on the teacher alone, making students become passive in class. Departing from the above problems, this study aims to improve students' learning activities. To that end, the author tries to use the debate as a tool or method used stimulus in improving student learning activities. In the present study, the authors use the Class Action Research model adopted Kemmis & Mc. Taggart. The activities carried out consisting of planning (plan), action (act), observation (is observed), and reflection (Reflect). Subjects in this study were students of class XI IPS 2 SMA Pasundan 8 Bandung. Then the data collection technique is by using observation sheet debate implementation methods and learning activities of students, study documentation, free and unstructured interviews. Based on the findings in the field, after a debate in the applied methods of teaching history, showed positive change of students' learning activities. Based on the three cycles performed an increase of 90 points occurred in the second cycle, and 169 points in the third cycle. This is shown visible improvement of student learning activities that include activities see, writing, speaking, and listening. Based on the above description, learning by using debate can improve students' learning activities on the subjects of history. This is evident in the third cycle which is the culmination of research, where students are able to achieve the learning activity with good and excellent categories. Seeing the results obtained, it can be concluded that, the learning process can be a solution in the learning process to address the problems in the classroom
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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