151 research outputs found
sj-docx-1-inq-10.1177_00469580241237106 – Supplemental material for Variability in Reproductive Choices: A Comprehensive Analysis of Women’s Working Status and Fertility Behavior in Pakistan
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-inq-10.1177_00469580241237106 for Variability in Reproductive Choices: A Comprehensive Analysis of Women’s Working Status and Fertility Behavior in Pakistan by Muhammad Atif, Gohar Ayub, Javed Zeb, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Ilyas, Muhammad Shafiq and Syed Habib Shah in INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing</p
Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
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Prevalence of Eating Disorders among Medical Students: A Study from Lahore, Pakistan
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Addressing the context and way forward for Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health issues in Pakistan
No full textTitle: Addressing the context and way forward for Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health issues in Pakistan Abstract Background Pakistan has failed to achieve the Maternal, Neonatal and Child Health (MNCH) targets of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) set by the United Nations in 2000. At present Pakistan has the third highest burden of maternal and neonatal mortality globally estimated to be 270 per 100,000 live births and 55 per 1000 live births respectively. Many factors are known to contribute to this high burden of mortality among women and children. Of these, key issues such as low coverage of evidence-based interventions, iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) in children and women, unintended pregnancies and low birthweight (LBW) are significant factors. The opportunity for the government and other service providers to develop appropriate strategies to improve MNCH outcomes is currently hampered by the lack of country specific data and evidence around MNCH factors and interventions in Pakistan. Aims and objectives The aim of this thesis is to describe the context and suggest a way forward for MNCH issues in Pakistan. The specific objectives include estimating the prevalence and predictors of IDA among children and non-pregnant women, estimating the prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancies in pregnant women, examining the risk factors associated with LBW in full-term neonates, investigating the effectiveness of a neonatal intervention package on adverse neonatal outcomes and evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention package on MNCH outcomes. Methods We performed secondary analysis of the most recent Pakistan National Nutrition Survey (2011-2012) to estimate the prevalence and predictors of IDA among children and non-pregnant women (Chapter 7 and 8). We conducted a cross-sectional survey among women attending antenatal care clinics and used the London Measure of Unplanned Pregnancy to estimate pregnancy intention (Chapter 9). We conducted a matched case-control study in a rural hospital-based setting to identify the risk factors associated with LBW (Chapter 10). To evaluate the effectiveness of a neonatal intervention package consisting of Essential Neonatal Care (ENC), chlorhexidine application and Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) we executed a randomised controlled trial in a facility and a community-based setting in a rural district of Pakistan (Chapter 11). We also implemented a MNCH intervention package in rural Pakistan and used a quasi-experimental design to evaluate its effectiveness (Chapter 12). Results Chapter 7 reports the prevalence of IDA and its determinants among children. The prevalence of IDA was 33.2%. Further Age 2 (AOR; 1.4 95% CI 1.2 - 1.8), having no knowledge of contraceptive methods (AOR; 3.0 95% CI 1.7 - 5.4) and never use of contraceptive methods (AOR; 2.3 95% CI 1.4 - 5.1) remained significantly associated with unintended pregnancy. Chapter 10 describes risk factors associated with LBW in full-term neonates. The study found that illiteracy (AOR; 2.68; 95% CI 1.59 - 4.38), nulliparity (AOR; 1.82 95% CI 1.26 - 2.44), previous miscarriage/abortion (AOR; 1.22 95% CI 1.06 - 2.35), having < 2 antenatal care (ANC) visits during last pregnancy (AOR; 2.43 95% CI 1.34 - 2.88), seeking ANC in third trimester (AOR; 3.62 95% CI 2.14 - 5.03), non-use of iron and folic acid during last pregnancy (AOR; 2.72 95% CI 1.75 - 3.17), having hypertension during last pregnancy (AOR; 1.42 95% CI 1.13 - 2.20), being anaemic (AOR; 2.67 95% CI 1.65 - 5.24) and having postpartum weight of <45 kg (AOR; 3.30 95% CI 1.97 - 4.52) were significantly associated with increased odds of having a LBW baby. Chapter 11 demonstrates the effect of neonatal interventions on neonatal outcomes. The study found that neonates who received the intervention A (ENC, Chlorhexidine and KMC) had a reduced risk of neonatal infections (Relative Risk RR; 0.36 95% CI 0.27 - 0.63) and omphalitis (RR; 0.24 95% CI 0.15 - 0.36) and were more likely to gain weight (RR; 2.27 95% CI 1.54 - 3.46) compared to intervention B (ENC and Chlorhexidine) and control arm (ENC only). The neonates in intervention B had a reduced risk of neonatal infections (RR; 0.57 95% CI 0.43 - 0.72) and omphalitis (RR; 0.43 95% CI 0.34 - 0.71) and were more likely to gain weight (RR; 1.47 95% CI 1.04 - 1.74) compared to the control arm. Overall the intervention which included KMC was superior to the arm without KMC and the control arm and the proposed intervention package was well accepted. Chapter 12 shows the effect of an MNCH intervention package on MNCH outcomes. The study found a reduced risk of neonatal mortality (RR; 0.704 95% CI 0.557 - 0.889), in the intervention area compared to the control area. For all other secondary outcomes, including mortality for infants and children under five, stillbirths, antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, institutional deliveries, postnatal care for mother and neonate, early initiation of breastfeeding, delayed bathing, inappropriate cord care practices, birth asphyxia, exclusive breastfeeding and immunisation a significant difference (p-value < 0.001) was observed in the intervention area compared to the control area. The study also found a favourable Difference-in Differences for maternal, neonatal and child outcomes. Conclusion The findings of this thesis highlight that the situation of MNCH in Pakistan remains poor and that there is urgent need for innovative interventions. More specifically we found that the prevalence of IDA, unintended pregnancies and LBW is high in Pakistan and has significant public health implications. These conditions can be prevented if WHO evidence based interventions are implemented and in the experimental studies in this thesis, we demonstrated that a neonatal intervention package and a MNCH intervention package had significant effects in reducing adverse MNCH outcomes. This study provides a support for more widespread implementation of innovative interventions such as KMC and the continuum of care MNCH interventions in Pakistan
Mysticism and ethics in Islam
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.Standardized name for editor Bilal Orfali from the Library of Congress is: Urfahʹlī, Bilāl http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no2010019407The relationship between Sufism or Islamic mysticism and ethics is largely untilled land. Mysticism and Ethics in Islam attempts to survey this fertile area of investigation by attempting to come to a clearer idea of what is meant by the terms “ethics” and “mysticism,” both in relation to each other and to Islam. The articles in this volume do not have an eye so much on defining what mysticism and ethics in Islamic civilization are per se, as much as on coming to terms with the parameters and boundaries within which they have historically been conceptualized. As such, the book falls into four clearly demarcated time periods and foci: early, classical, late pre-modern, and modern and contemporary. Taken as a whole, this collection of contributions by leading specialists in their fields offer rich insights into some of the most important articulations of Sufi ethics to have animated the tradition, from past to present, in such geographically diverse regions and countries as Egypt, India, West Africa, Iran, Turkey, Russia, Central Asia, and China.Editors' introduction -- I. EARLY PERIOD -- Aḥlām al-mutaṣṣawwifah wa-atharuhā ʻalá ʻilm al-taʻbīr al-Islāmī, fī al-qarnayn al-rābiʻ wa-al-khāmis lil-hijrah / Lina Jammal -- To grieve or not to grieve? The ambivalence of Ḥuzn in early Islam / Riccardo Paredi -- The treasurers of God : Abū Saʻīd Al-Kharrāz and the ethics of wealth in early Sufism / John Zaleski -- On patience (Ṣabr) in Sufi virtue ethics / Atif Khalil -- Min naqd al-taṣawwuf ilá iṣlāḥ al-akhlāq : al-kashf ʻan aʻmāl Shams al-Dīn ʻAbd al-Malik al-Dulaymī (t. 593 H/ 1197M) / Khaled Abdo -- Does Al-Ghazālī have a theory of virtue? / Sophia Vasalou -- II. CLASSICAL PERIOD -- Theo-Fānī : ʻAyn Al-Quḍāt and the fire of love / Mohammed Rustom -- Marātib Al-Taqwā : Saʻīd Al-Dīn Farghānī on the ontology of ethics / William Chittick -- Transcending character and the quest for union : the place of union (al-jamʿ) in commentaries on Anṣārī's Waystations / Cyrus Zargar -- Seeing is believing : Sufi vision and the formation of the ethical subject / Richard McGregor -- Disciplining the soul, freeing the mind : spiritual practice (al-riyāḍa) in Fakhr Al-Dīn Al-Rāzī's Sharḥ Al-Ishārāt Wa-l-Tanbīhāt / Nora Jacobsen Ben Hammed -- al-Nasaq al-maʻrifī li-iʻādat intāj al-mafāhīm al-akhlāqīyah ʻinda al-Ṣūfīyah > namūdhajan / Chafika Ouail -- ʻAḍud Al-Dīn Ījī's ethics : a translation of Al-Akhlāq Al-ʻAḍudiyya and some notes on its commentaries / Feryal Salem -- III. LATE PRE-MODERN PERIOD -- ʻAbd Al-Wahhāb Al-Shaʻrānī's Laṭāʼif Al-Minan and the virtue of sincere immodesty / Matthew Ingalls -- Finding new life among the dead : the ethical mysticism of The Book of Pure Gold / Paul Heck -- Sufism and ethics in the works of Shāh Walī Allāh / Marcia Hermansen -- "Dogs have left you in the dust!" Mockery in Panjabi Sufi poetry / Syed Rizwan Zamir -- Churning nectar on the path of Muhammad : of ethical imaginaries in Kashmiri Sufi poetry / Peter Dziedzic -- The Chinese classics in the light of Ibn Al-ʻArabī's Metaphysics -- IV. MODERN AND CONTEMPORARY PERIODS -- Sufism and ethics in Central Asia : Ṣūfī Allāhyār's Thabāt Al-ʻĀjizīn and its legacy / Alexandre Papas -- Sufism, ethics, and the Muslim modernist project / Ahmed El Shamsy -- Sufism and modern Muslim ethics in 14th/20th century Russian Islamic thought / Leila Almazova -- A Nietzschean mystic : Muhammad Iqbal on the ethics of selfhood / Muhammad Faruque -- The transcendent ethics of Tarbiya : Ibrahim Niasse's Maqāmāt Al-Dīn al-Thalāth / Oludamini Ogunnaike -- Becoming what one is : liberative knowledge and human perfection in the writing of Seyyed Hossein Nasr -- Author biographies
Travelogue "Butterfly Rays and Tornadoes" Intellectual Review
No full textTravel is part of human nature. He wants to get acquainted with the culture and way of life of
the place where he is traveling. The First travelogue is “Ajaibat e Farang” the author of which
is Yousaf Hussain Kambal posh. After him Sir Syed Ahmed khan, Allama Shibli Noumani and
Muhammad Hussain Azad also wrote travelogues. The twinth century remained popolur
because of travel. Travelogues of Shafiq ur Rehman, Ibn e Insha and Begum Akhtar Riaz ud
Din came to light during this period. Women travelogues Sheen Farukh, Bushra Rehman and
Parveen Atif. Parveen Atif wrote two Urdu travelogues “Kiran Titli Or Bagoly” and “Taper
Wasni”.Her travelogues are beautiful gift in intellectual terms.
 
Intoxication and self-defence : a comparative study of principles of English law and Shari'ah
No full textThe study is based upon an analysis of the general principles of criminal liability in English law and Shari 'ah. It is hoped that it may provide a valid basis for discussion of the future development of criminal law.
The relationship between law and society is an organic one and this relationship in Shari'ah is based on revelatory text of precepts, law, and admonitions. Shari'ah is an
essential part of faith of every Muslim; a sound knowledge of its principles not only gives him a sense of inner fulfilment but enables him to order his life according to the dictates of his religion. On the other hand, in English law, religious beliefs and private morality might be viewed as not a matter for law. Religion is in that context generally conceived as a spiritual sphere of supra-human connotation distinct from law, which is basically a secular concern.
Both the systems of law under consideration are different in their sources and nature. English law, being a positive law, finds its source in legislation and other recognised
sources. Shari 'ah is a divine ordinance imposed upon people without having a freedom of choice and it has its roots in its primary sources, the Holy Qur'an, and the Sunnah.
However, the revelatory nature of Shari'ah does not render it entirely inflexible and immutable. The finality of authoritative legal texts is confined only to a limited number of injunctions in the primary sources. The secondary sources provide flexibility to meet the changing requirements of society. A legal system should strike a fair balance between flexibility and inflexibility of legal rules. A very flexible system of law may lead to inconsistencies, illogicalities and at the same time may be subject to abuse by judges while a rigid system, which leaves no room for judicial discretion is likely to
lead to injustice in certain cases. It is submitted that the very flexible nature of English law has left it full of inconsistencies and illogicalities, despite the appropriate use of judicial discretion.
The research offers a general view of modern thinking about the theoretical foundations and methodology of Shari'ah Shari 'ah recognises a variety of sources and methods from which a rule of law might be derived. Part-I of the thesis discusses the evolving principles of Islamic jurisprudence from their rudimentary sources. The specific relationship between socio-religious reality and the production of theoretical legal discourse is illustrated in Part-11 and III while dealing with the problem of intoxication
and private defence in society. It suggests that Shari'ah provides a framework in which the complex and sometimes competing needs of an individual and society can be fairly
apportioned.
The research will demonstrate that there is a well developed system of criminal law in Shari'ah that can be compared with the most developed and civilised criminal law of the contemporary world, for example, English criminal law. In order to compare the compatibility of both the legal systems, the approaches of both towards the problems of intoxication and self-defence have been taken as a parameter. Though Shari 'ah provisions seem to be predominantly prescriptive as compared to English criminal law, the comparison will show that it can provide practical solutions to problems faced by human society of any age. Shari 'ah being a revealed law is proactive in its nature. It takes action to cause changes and not only react to a change when it happens. This particular feature can be felt while dealing with the problem of intoxication. English
criminal law, on the other hand, being a positive law bears the characteristics of a reactive law. It reacts to events or changes rather than acting first to cause change or
prevent something. Another major difference between the two legal systems might be that English criminal law has passed through many evolutionary phases and reached at the present stage through the efforts of the political power and the state; whereas, Muslim states and governments throughout the centuries neither had a hand in the development of Islamic jurisprudence nor in the training and certification of jurists or jurisconsults whose task it was to formulate the law.
History suggests that using the combined forces of religion, morality and law Shari'ah has effectively eradicated social evils and created a peaceful environment for human coexistence, where every one can enjoy his rights without a fear of infringement by the others. In cases of infringement of such rights, the offender shall be liable to severe punishments. The principles of criminal liability are on a par with the corresponding principles of the English criminal law. While protecting the rights of the victim of the crime, Shari'ah does not ignore the rights of the offender for fair trail, impartial justice and liability for punishment proportional to the offence committed by him. At the same time it recognises excuse and justification defences under appropriate circumstances, as
it will be evident while comparing the defences of intoxication and self-defence with the same in English criminal law.
The study reveals that there are similarities and differences between English law and Shari'ah when considering the issue of crime and criminal liability. However, this may be considered as normal phenomenon of comparing any two different legal systems. The differences can be attributed to their sources, origin, history and nature of the social values to be protected. Similarities can be ascribed to zeal for social justice and stability.
The study of differences and similarities will provide an opportunity to illuminate our understanding of law and the process of its development. As both the systems have their
own methodology to tackle legal issues, a different approach to the similar problem will provide a fresh insight leading to revitalised solutions. It will also be helpful to understand the methodology and the legal reasoning of both the systems leading towards a better understanding of law in general and at the same time providing efficient means for improvement
Communication Technologies for Vehicles: Third International Workshop, Nets4Cars/Nets4Trains 2011 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany, March 23-24, 2011 Proceedings
No full textThe Communication Technologies for Vehicles workshop series provides an international forum on latest technologies and research in the field of intra- and inter-vehicle communications in which to present original research results in all areas relating to communication protocols and standards, mobility and traffic models, experimental and field operational testing, and performance analysis
Trends in Research on Latent Heat Storage Using PCM, A Bibliometric Analysis
No full textLatent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) is particularly noteworthy thermal energy storage (TES) technology due to its high energy storage density. LHTES involves the use of phase change materials (PCMs) to store thermal energy, which can subsequently be used for heating and cooling applications as well as power generation. This paper outlines the techniques and tools employed to analyze existing literature on TES and LHTES systems research. Bibliometric, a statistical approach to analyzing written publications in specific fields of research, is used to identify significant findings and determine the course of scientific output. A strategic analysis of knowledge development is crucial for detecting opportunities and advancements within the field. This research offers valuable insights into the publication trends within the fields of TES and LHTES over the last three decades. Additionally, the study conducts a thorough examination of the geometric configurations of LHTES systems and their potential impacts on ongoing and future research. By tracking publication rates over thirty years, this study provides a comprehensive overview of how research in TES and LHTES has evolved. Understanding these trends helps researchers and policymakers gauge the growth and relevance of these fields in the context of energy storage and thermal management.The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the pdf file of the accepted manuscript may differ slightly from what is displayed on the item page. The information in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript reflects the original submission by the author
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