1,721,016 research outputs found
The Many Layers and Dimensions of Contract Design
No full textThis chapter introduces the multiple layers and dimensions of contract design. In the past, for legal scholars, it may have been a synonym for planning or drafting contracts around regulatory requirements and default rules, with a focus on preparing for litigation. While the topic has many nuances depending on the context, the views presented in this chapter are all tied together with a common factor: contracts need to be designed, not just drafted. They are no longer the monopoly of any single profession alone and they cannot remain disconnected from digital processes and technological developments. We advocate a user-centric approach to make contracts better by design for all stakeholders in the contracting community: better at serving the goals and needs both of contracting organizations and, crucially, the people who work with contracts. This introductory chapter presents contracts as core communication tools and business-critical economic instruments, and not merely as legal instruments
Generative AI and the Future of Contracts, Law, and Design
No full textThis chapter serves as an introduction to this collection by exploring the transformative intersection of Generative AI (GenAI), contracts, law, and design. It highlights how advanced machine learning models are reshaping legal practices, contracts, and contracting. GenAI—a subset of artificial intelligence—uses large datasets to create original content and provide new opportunities for automating legal tasks, enhancing contract accessibility, and promoting proactive legal strategies. The chapter delves into the technological underpinnings of GenAI, including examples such as OpenAI's ChatGPT and DALL·E, Anthropic’s Claude, GitHub Copilot, Google’s Bard and Gemini, and DeepSeek. It also examines the ethical and regulatory implications of AI adoption, focusing on the principles of “Responsible AI,” and discusses the importance of human-centric design in preparing legal tools and solutions intended to drive policy and strategic objectives. Additionally, it provides a brief overview of the book’s content, outlining key topics such as proactive law, contract design, intellectual property, privacy communication, and health data governance. By providing case studies and practical insights, the chapter offers a comprehensive overview of GenAI’s impact on contracting and the legal domain and sets the stage for further discussions on its applications, challenges, and future directions
Legal Design for the Common Good:Proactive Legal Care by Design
No full textMany legal problems are caused by misunderstandings. People do not read complex documents. Even if they do, they may not find what they look for or understand what they find. This chapter shows how proactive legal care can help, not only to deal with challenges of complex legal information, but also to improve access to justice and prevent unnecessary problems. Enhancing clients’ self-care by promoting their legal literacy is a central strategy for this purpose. Changing how documents are framed and presented is another. We propose a new mindset for lawyers, with a focus on the users and on using the law for the advancement of the common good. With this mindset, it becomes natural to look for skills and tools to present legal information in more engaging and actionable ways. Design patterns offer a way to identify and share such tools, for the benefit of lawyers and clients alike. <br/
A New Attitude to Law’s Empire : The Potentialities of Legal Design
No full textLegal Design is a movement to make the law work better for people. This chapter makes the case that Legal Design constitutes a new attitude to law that reveals potential benefits in making law more participatory and human-centered. Despite its often radical departure from culturally inherited perceptions of what legal services look like and involve, Legal Design involves a turning towards law’s virtues of certainty, direction, order and justice. The diverse applications of Legal Design in this collection show that it brings new opportunities to, in Dworkin’s phrase, cast law in its best light. These contributions range across prototyping policy, proactive lawyering and effective contracting, the law/design cultural relationship, intellectual property, consumer and tenant protections, dispute resolution and legal education. The collection comes at a time when Legal Design is still in its emergent phase as a cognate field of activity, a new sub-discipline, and it contributes to the ongoing dialogue on the methods, mindsets and goals of Legal Design
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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