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Hutton, J K, NX53776
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/394237Surname: HUTTON. Given Name(s) or Initials: J K. Military Service Number or Last Known Location: NX53776. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 18651.217272
Item: [2016.0049.26530] "Hutton, J K, NX53776
Multinational corporations in the Arab world with particular reference to the contribution of industrial joint ventures to development in the Gulf region
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.This thesis investigates the status and the role of Multinational Corporations in the Arab World. Its main hypothesis is that the Multinationals today represent a permanent feature as the major world-wide source of modern technology. As such, the Arab countries will continue relying, into the foreseeable future, upon technology produced, owned or controlled by these global firms.
The research finds that a century of increasing integration with the western industrialised countries, primarily shaped by the activities of the multinational corporations, has nevertheless left the Arab region less industrialised and more technologically and institutionally backward than many other parts of the world. The Arab Nation as a whole, in all its diversity of countries and regions, has failed to economically or industrially advance at the same rate as other newly industrialising regions. The lack of commitment to national and regional development needs in the Arab World on the part of most multinationals, is matched by an equal absence of any clear sense of purpose and dedication on the part of the Arab countries themselves.
Despite the proposition by some Arab professionals and elites that the Arab States must consider breaking with any development strategy that substantially relies on access to capital and technology provided by foreign multinationals, the research contends that, in view of the current underdeveloped state of indigenous technology in the Arab World, the contemplation of the option of "de-linking" from the multinationals is neither possible nor desirable. The fact is, that the Arab States, individually or as whole, are not as yet prepared for the challenges that such a go-it-alone development strategy would imply.
The research also finds that, as the multinational' behaviour is governed by diverse objectives, helping out the developing countries of the Arab World to build-up their technological base is not generally one of their distinctive goals. They have their own "growth" strategy while each of the individual Arab States has its own "development" policy. The objectives of each differ, as shown in this thesis, and are often incompatible. Yet, for a multinational corporation to secure profit, growth and security, it will need the goodwill of the Arab countries, while the latter, in order to start building their technological base, need the multinationals. Thus, objectively, they need each other and a fruitful cooperation between the two parties depends on the convergence of two strategies, which usually need to undergo many changes in order to accommodate each other's diverse interests.
This means that, what a foreign multinational can really offer depends on how much an Arab country, individually or in collaboration with other Arab countries, may actually be prepared or able to take. From the latter's viewpoint, the ability to take is dependent on the extent to which the Arab countries can cooperate effectively together. The recent trend in the region towards forging economic integration, in the form of regional groupings among neighbouring Arab countries, is widely heralded to be an essential step in the right direction. However, in view of the considerable variations in natural resource endowments which exist among the countries of the Arab World, it has been increasingly suggested by the Arab participants of our main survey, that inter-Arab multinational joint ventures constitute a highly desirable form of organising economic activity, and of accomplishing effective economic cooperation among the countries of the region.
Most importantly, the thesis demonstrates that there are many areas in which conventional economic theories are deficient in explaining multinationals' behaviour and impact on the Arab World. Deficiencies between theory and practice arc referred to throughout the work and discussed in particular detail in Chapters 4 and 12.
A major conclusion of this study is that, the Arab governments which once feared the multinationals are now actively interested in seeking to court and accommodate them more effectively to local development needs. There is increasing evidence that the Arab countries have learned to bargain with multinationals to make them better serve their specific objectives and interests. Through more contacts and interactions, previously contrasting positions have softened and a wave of pragmatic attitudes on both sides is emerging to promote greater recognition of the mutual interests involved.
It is the hope of the author of this thesis that his work will encourage even greater mutual understanding and cooperation between the Arab States and multinational partners in the future. Indeed it is only through such cooperation that joint efforts can be effectively used to promote beneficial development and growth for the future prosperity of the Arab Nation as a whole
Measuring distress in musculoskeletal physiotherapy: an example of integrated care in action
No full textIntroduction: musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a major cause of pain and disability, constituting a significant societal burden. Psychological constructs are important predictors and mediators for developing and maintaining long term pain-related disability and a biopsychosocial approach to assessment and treatment of MSDs is recommended. Physiotherapists are a key professional group assessing and treating people with MSDs but screening by them for psychosocial risk factors is inconsistent. Embedding routine collection of patient-reported psychological factors such as depression, pain self-efficacy and avoidance behaviours, may improve quality of patient care and outcomes.Method: the primary aim of this project was to implement screening for psychological risk factors in people attending a NHS physiotherapy musculoskeletal service and characterise the prevalence of distress. To achieve this, self-report questionnaires were embedded within informatics associated with the Integrating Mental and Physical Health Research and Training (IMPARTS) programme to assess: depression, anxiety, risk of persistent disability secondary to back pain, fear avoidance beliefs, pain catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy. A secondary aim was to develop associated care pathways to guide physiotherapist decision making. These include group physical exercise, psychologically informed physiotherapy, Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT), Accident & Emergency (A&E) or letter to the General Practitioner (GP).Results: 23% of people attending were screened during the first 3 months; of 406 screened, 14% were identified as having probable major depression and 18% as having probable anxiety disorder. Of the 121 patients using the developed care pathway, 68% (N = 82) were allocated to group exercise or IAPT for symptoms of depression or anxiety, and 32% (N = 39) had severe levels of depression and or suicidal ideation and required a letter to the GP or A&E. Just over one third of those screened reported back pain as the primary reason for attendance. Of those, 40% scored at high risk of persistent pain-related disability.Conclusion: physiotherapy musculoskeletal service redesign to incorporate a systematic approach to identifying psychosocial risk factors in people with MSDs has highlighted the prevalence of comorbid distress. The need for physiotherapists to expand their approach and integrate psychologically-informed practices into consultations is paramoun
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Modelling censored data with the skew-normal distribution
No full textSulla base di un set di dati reali, relativo ad un test clinico per confrontare quattro tipi di trattamento per fratture ossee, si propone un'estensione del modello normale per dati troncati, noto anche come modello di Tobit, al fine di poter tener conto dell'asimmetria della distribuzione dei residui. Il modello proposto utilizza la famiglia delle distribuzioni normali asimmetriche che include il modello normale come caso particolare. Nel lavoro vengono analizzati gli aspetti teorici del modello attraverso l'analisi delle funzioni score e la formulazione di una midura basata sull'R quadro per valutare la capacità del modello di descrivere i dati.Motivated by a real data example, coming from a clinical trial to
compare four treatments on severely sprained ankles, we extend the normal model
for censored data, also known as Tobit model, to accomodate asymmetry in the
distribution of the residuals. The proposed model makes use of the skew-normal
distribution, a distribution that includes the normal one. The theoretical features
of the model are investigated. These involve the analysis of the behaviour of the
score functions and the formulation of a R-squared type of measure to evaluate
the capacity of the model to represent the data
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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