1,721,217 research outputs found
Network Effects of the Productivity of Infrastructure in Developing Countries
No full textUsing panel data models, the author examines the threshold effects of the productivity of infrastructure investment in developing countries. He considers various specifications of an augmented production function that allow for endogenous thresholds. More precisely, these specifications are tested in a panel threshold regression model. The author's main robust result is the presence of strong threshold effects in the relationship between output and private and public inputs. Whatever the transition mechanism used, the testing procedures lead to strong rejection of the linearity of this relationship. In particular, the productivity of infrastructure investment generally exhibits some network effects. When the available stock of infrastructure is very low, investment in this sector has the same productivity as noninfrastructure investment. On the contrary, when a minimum network is available, the marginal productivity of infrastructure investment is generally largely greater than the productivity of other investment. Finally, when the main network is achieved, its marginal productivity becomes similar to the productivity of other investment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Quatre essais en finance
No full textCette thèse s'intéresse aux marchés financiers. Dans une première partie nous nous intéressons au risque d'estimation dans les mesures de risque, avec une application sur les stratégies d'allocation d'actifs. Dans une deuxième partie, nous étudions le comportement des cryptomonnaies au sein des marchés financiers. Dans la dernière partie nous nous intéressons au comportement du marché interbancaire pendant les périodes de stress financier. Depuis la crise financière mondiale, la gestion du risque financier est devenu un défi majeur dans le maintien de la stabilité financière. De plus, le comportement du marché interbancaire a montré certaines caractéristiques sans précédent. Au même moment, les marchés financiers ont fait face à l'arrivée du Bitcoin en 2008 puis d'un nombre croissant de cryptomonnaies, provoquant un tournant non-négligeable. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons quatre essais contribuant à la littérature en finance. Dans les Chapitres 2 et 3, nous nous intéressons au risque d'estimation dans les mesures de risques appliquées aux stratégies d'allocation d'actif. Le Chapitre 2 propose la première comparaison systématique des mesures de risque conditionnelles et inconditionnelles appliquées aux stratégies d'allocation basées sur le risque. Le Chapitre 3 prend en compte ce risque d'estimation dans la stratégie risk parity et développe des stratégies d'allocation mixtes. Dans le Chapitre 4, nous comparons le comportement des prix des cryptomonnaies à ceux d'autres types d'actifs financiers. Dans le Chapitre 5, nous nous intéressons au comportement du marché interbancaire durant les périodes de crise ainsi qu'à son application sur le risque systémique.This thesis focuses on financial markets. In a first part we focus on estimation risk of risk measures applied to asset allocation strategies. In a second part we study the behavior of cryptocurrencies in the financial market. In the last part, we focus on the behavior of the interbank lending market in periods of stress. Since the worldwide financial crisis, managing risk has become the biggest challenge for maintaining financial stability, and the interbank market has shown some unprecedented puzzling features. At the same time, financial markets have faced a substantial change with the emergence of cryptocurrencies since the arrival of Bitcoin in 2008. In this dissertation we propose four essays contributing to the literature on finance. In Chapter 2 and 3 we focus on estimation risk of risk measures applied to asset allocation. Chapter 2 proposes the first systematic comparison of conditional and unconditional risk measures applied to risk-based asset allocation strategies. Chapter 3 proposes to take into account estimation risk on the risk parity strategy and defines a mixed strategy. In Chapter 4, we compare the behavior of cryptocurrencies' prices and make a comparison with other asset types. In Chapter 5, we focus on the behavior of the interbank lending market during periods of crisis and its implications in terms of systemic risk
Non-linear models and forecasting
No full textL’intérêt des modèles non-linéaires réside, d’une part, dans une meilleure prise en compte des non-linéaritéscaractérisant les séries macroéconomiques et financières et, d’autre part, dans une prévision plus riche en information.A ce niveau, l’originalité des intervalles (asymétriques et/ou discontinus) et des densités de prévision (asymétriqueset/ou multimodales) offerts par cette nouvelle forme de modélisation suggère qu’une amélioration de la prévisionrelativement aux modèles linéaires est alors possible et qu’il faut disposer de tests d’évaluation assez puissants pourvérifier cette éventuelle amélioration. Ces tests reviennent généralement à vérifier des hypothèses distributionnellessur les processus des violations et des transformées probabilistes associés respectivement à chacune de ces formes deprévision. Dans cette thèse, nous avons adapté le cadre GMM fondé sur les polynômes orthonormaux conçu parBontemps et Meddahi (2005, 2012) pour tester l’adéquation à certaines lois de probabilité, une approche déjà initiéepar Candelon et al. (2011) dans le cadre de l’évaluation de la Value-at-Risk. Outre la simplicité et la robustesse de laméthode, les tests développés présentent de bonnes propriétés en termes de tailles et de puissances. L’utilisation denotre nouvelle approche dans la comparaison de modèles linéaires et de modèles non-linéaires lors d’une analyseempirique a confirmé l’idée selon laquelle les premiers sont préférés si l’objectif est le calcul de simples prévisionsponctuelles tandis que les derniers sont les plus appropriés pour rendre compte de l'incertitude autour de celles-ci.The interest of non-linear models is, on the one hand, to better take into account non-linearities characterizing themacroeconomic and financial series and, on the other hand, to get richer information in forecast. At this level,originality intervals (asymmetric and / or discontinuous) and forecasts densities (asymmetric and / or multimodal)offered by this new modelling form suggests that improving forecasts according to linear models is possible and thatwe should have enough powerful tests of evaluation to check this possible improvement. Such tests usually meanchecking distributional assumptions on violations and probability integral transform processes respectively associatedto each of these forms of forecast. In this thesis, we have adapted the GMM framework based on orthonormalpolynomials designed by Bontemps and Meddahi (2005, 2012) to test for some probability distributions, an approachalready adopted by Candelon et al. (2011) in the context of backtesting Value-at-Risk. In addition to the simplicity androbustness of the method, the tests we have developed have good properties in terms of size and power. The use of ournew approach in comparison of linear and non-linear models in an empirical analysis confirmed the idea according towhich the former are preferred if the goal is the calculation of simple point forecasts while the latter are moreappropriated to report the uncertainty around them
Network effects of the productivity of infrastructure in developing countries
Get PDFUsing panel data models, the author examines the threshold effects of the productivity of infrastructure investment in developing countries. He considers various specifications of an augmented production function that allow for endogenous thresholds. More precisely, these specifications are tested in a panel threshold regression model. The author's main robust result is the presence of strong threshold effects in the relationship between output and private and public inputs. Whatever the transition mechanism used, the testing procedures lead to strong rejection of the linearity of this relationship. In particular, the productivity of infrastructure investment generally exhibits some network effects. When the available stock of infrastructure is very low, investment in this sector has the same productivity as noninfrastructure investment. On the contrary, when a minimum network is available, the marginal productivity of infrastructure investment is generally largely greater than the productivity of other investment. Finally, when the main network is achieved, its marginal productivity becomes similar to the productivity of other investment.Economic Theory&Research,Investment and Investment Climate,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Non Bank Financial Institutions,Technology Industry
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Trois essais sur le risque systémique
No full textLe risque systémique a joué un rôle clé dans la propagation de la dernière crise financière mondiale.Un grand nombre de mesures de ce risque ont été développées pour évaluer la contribution d’une institutionfinancière au risque de l’ensemble du système. Toutefois, de nombreuses questions concernantles capacités de ces mesures à identifier les institutions financières d’importance systémique (SIFIs) ontété soulevées puisque le risque systémique possède de multiples facettes et certaines d’entre elles sontdifficiles identifier, telles que les similitudes entre institutions financières.L’objectif général de cette thèse en finance est donc (i) de proposer une solution empirique pour identifierles SIFIs au niveau nationale, (ii) de comparer théoriquement et empiriquement différentes mesures durisque systémique et (iii) de mesurer les changements d’expositions au risque des banques.Tout d’abord, le chapitre 1 propose un ajustement de trois mesures de risque systémique basées sur desdonnées de marchés et conçues dans un cadre international, afin d’identifier les SIFIs au niveau national.Ensuite, le chapitre 2 introduit un modèle commun dans lequel plusieurs mesures du risque systémiquesont exprimées et comparées. Il y est théoriquement établi que ces mesures de risque systémique peuventêtre exprimées en fonction de mesures traditionnelles de risque. L’application empirique confirme cesrésultats et montre que ces mesures ne sont pas capables de saisir la nature multidimensionnelle durisque systémique. Enfin, le chapitre 3 présente la méthodologie appelée Factor Implied Risk Exposures(FIRE) permettant de décomposer une variation de la mesure de risque d’une banque en deux éléments,le premier représentant la volatilité de marché et le second correspondant à l’exposition au risque de labanque. Ce chapitre illustre empiriquement que les changements d’expositions au risque sont corréléspositivement entre les banques, ce qui est cohérent avec le fait que les banques présentent des similitudesdans leurs prises de positions sur le marché.Systemic risk has played a key role in the propagation of the last global financial crisis. A large number ofsystemic risk measures have been developed to quantify the contribution of a financial institution to thesystem-wide risk. However, numerous questions about their abilities to identify Systemically ImportantFinancial Institutions (SIFIs) have been raised since systemic risk has multiple facets, and some of themare difficult to gauge, such as the commonalities across financial institutions.The main goal of this dissertation in finance is thus (i) to propose an empirical solution to identifydomestic SIFIs, (ii) to compare theoretically and empirically different systemic risk measures, and (iii)to measure changes in banks’ risk exposures.First, chapter 1 offers an adjustment of three market-based systemic risk measures, designed in a globalframework, to identify domestic SIFIs. Second, chapter 2 introduces a common framework in whichseveral systemic risk measures are expressed and compared. It is theoretically shown that those systemicrisk measures can be expressed as function of traditional risk measures. The empirical application confirmsthese findings and shows that these measures fall short in capturing the multifaceted nature of systemicrisk. Third, chapter 3 proposes the Factor Implied Risk Exposures (FIRE) methodology which breaksdown a change in risk disclosure into a market volatility component and a bank-specific risk exposurecomponent. This chapter empirically illustrates that changes in risk exposures are positively correlatedacross banks, which is consistent with banks exhibiting commonality in trading
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