13,400 research outputs found
Team perfectionism and team performance: A prospective study
No full textPerfectionism is a personality characteristic that has been found to predict sports performance in athletes. To date, however, research has exclusively examined this relationship at an individual level (i.e., athletes’ perfectionism predicting their personal performance). The current study extends this research to team sports by examining whether, when manifested at team level, perfectionism predicts team performance. A sample of 231 competitive rowers from 36 boats completed measures of self-oriented, team-oriented, and team-prescribed perfectionism prior to competing against one another in a 4-day rowing competition. Strong within-boat similarities in the levels of team members’ team-oriented perfectionism supported the existence of collective team-oriented perfectionism at the boat level. Two-level latent growth curve modeling of day-by-day boat performance showed that team-oriented perfectionism positively predicted the position of the boat in mid-competition and the linear improvement in position. The findings suggest that imposing perfectionistic standards on team members may drive teams to greater levels of performance
Health outcomes, pathogenesis and epidemiology of severe acute malnutrition (HOPE-SAM): rationale and methods of a longitudinal observational study
No full textIntroduction: Mortality among children hospitalised for complicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remains high despite the implementation of WHO guidelines, particularly in settings of high HIV prevalence. Children continue to be at high risk of morbidity, mortality and relapse after discharge from hospital although long-term outcomes are not well documented. Better understanding the pathogenesis of SAM and the factors associated with poor outcomes may inform new therapeutic interventions.
Methods and analysis: The Health Outcomes, Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Severe Acute Malnutrition (HOPE-SAM) study is a longitudinal observational cohort that aims to evaluate the short-term and long-term clinical outcomes of HIV-positive and HIV-negative children with complicated SAM, and to identify the risk factors at admission and discharge from hospital that independently predict poor outcomes. Children aged 0–59 months hospitalised for SAM are being enrolled at three tertiary hospitals in Harare, Zimbabwe and Lusaka, Zambia. Longitudinal mortality, morbidity and nutritional data are being collected at admission, discharge and for 48 weeks post discharge. Nested laboratory substudies are exploring the role of enteropathy, gut microbiota, metabolomics and cellular immune function in the pathogenesis of SAM using stool, urine and blood collected from participants and from well-nourished controls
Health Outcomes, Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Severe Acute Malnutrition (HOPE-SAM): rationale and methods of a longitudinal observational study
No full textINTRODUCTION:
Mortality among children hospitalised for complicated severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remains high despite the implementation of WHO guidelines, particularly in settings of high HIV prevalence. Children continue to be at high risk of morbidity, mortality and relapse after discharge from hospital although long-term outcomes are not well documented. Better understanding the pathogenesis of SAM and the factors associated with poor outcomes may inform new therapeutic interventions.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS:
The Health Outcomes, Pathogenesis and Epidemiology of Severe Acute Malnutrition (HOPE-SAM) study is a longitudinal observational cohort that aims to evaluate the short- and long-term clinical outcomes of HIV-positive and HIV-negative children with complicated SAM, and to identify the risk factors at admission and discharge from hospital that independently predict poor outcomes. Children aged 0-59mo hospitalised for SAM are being enrolled at three tertiary hospitals in Harare, Zimbabwe, and Lusaka, Zambia. Longitudinal mortality, morbidity and nutritional data are being collected at admission, discharge and for 48 weeks post-discharge. Nested laboratory substudies are exploring the role of enteropathy, gut microbiota, metabolomics and cellular immune function in the pathogenesis of SAM using stool, urine and blood collected from participants and from well-nourished controls
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF TEAM TEACHING OF ENGLISH IN SMPN 1 PITU KABUPATEN NGAWI ( A Naturalistic Study in SMPN 1 Pitu )
No full textAlexander who is well known as “father of the American middle school”
discussed the structure of the junior high school in 1963 at a conference at
Cornell University. He proposed a concept about team teaching
(http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/4754) in which “a team of three to five
teachers were assigned to 75 to 150 pupils organized either on a single –grade
or multi-grade basis.” This concept was gradually developed into team
teaching. Moreover, team teaching is now used in all grade levels and across
disciplines. This approach has created bonding opportunities for students and
engaged teachers in collaborative planning.
Teacher has responsibility to teach the material to the students for special
subject. The problem is that the distribution of teachers in Indonesia is
inbalanced. Some schools, especially State School, have more teachers than
they need but others have only few teachers. The school, which has more
teachers, is confused to employ their teachers in the process of teaching.
Some of them lack of their job, ( teaching ) but the other schools have to force
their teachers to teach their students because there are only limited teachers.
Usually, the schools which are located in the center of town or city have
more teachers but not in the rural areas. They have many teachers whose
subjects are the same. For example for Mathematics teacher, there are more
than 6 teachers although 4 teachers are enough for them; for Science teachers,
there are 7 teachers even though 5 are enough. English teachers are available
more than the needs of school. As the result, the schools have to employ the
teachers wisely. One of the policy is applying team teaching in their school so
that there will not lack of duty of the teachers. The headmaster should
distribute the time fairly.
On the contrary, in rural areas, one teacher sometimes has to teach more
than 24 hours even until 34 hours because the teachers are less than the
school needs. For instance for Mathematics teacher, there are only have 2
teachers although the school needs more than 2 teachers. For Science teachers
there are only 2 teachers but the need is 3 teachers. For English teachers, they
have to teach more than 24 hours because there are only 3 teachers although
the school needs 5 teachers.
There is new policy from “Departement Pendidikan Nasional “ about the
professional teacher. The rule for professional teacher is that he has to teach
24 hours a week in order to get the salary of professioal teacher (TPP)
(Permendiknas No.39 thn.2009) “Beban kerja guru paling sedikit ditetapkan
24 jam tatap muka dan paling banyak 40 jam tatap muka dalam 1 minggu
pada satu atau lebih satuan pendidikan yang memiliki izin pendirian dari
Pemerintah daerah”. The professional teachers have to teach the students
based on the rule above although there are more teachers in the same subjects.
The new problem is that there will be many teachers who do not have
occasion to teach while the others teach 24 hours because the school has too many teachers than they need. To solve the problem, the teachers have to
implement team teaching in teaching their lesson including English teacher.
For example: there are 9 English teachers in a school and 6 of them are as
professional teachers. Unfortunately, the classes are limited to employ the
teachers. So, as a result, the teachers have to apply team teaching to meet the
rule above.
Team teaching will be interesting in the process of learning and can be
applied well if the teacher involved in team teaching understands the concept
of it well. By collaboration with other teacher, the process of observing to the
learners, will be intensive. The special notion about behavior and difficulty of
the students will be recorded well that the technique of teaching can be
criticized fairly. To do team teaching perfectly, the teachers involved in team
teaching should have the same commitment and ready to criticize and be
criticized.
The approach of Team Teaching in Indonesia should be corrected in
order not just to complete the 24 hours teaching based on the government rule
for professional teacher. In other word, doing team teaching is just for getting
salary of professional teacher, called TP. The teachers ignore the concept of
applying team teaching correctly. They are neglecting to learn how to
implement it. They do not want to learn more about it. Therefore, it seems
that the government rule is not meaningful if the teachers do not have to have
commitment to improve the process of teaching.
There are many state schools having more teachers than they need. One
of them is SMPN1 Pitu Ngawi. It is a National Standardized Certificate since
2 years ago. It has 13 classes of students. In addition, it has 28 teachers for all
lessons and 8 officials. Nine of the teachers are an English teacher who each
has to teach minimal 18 hours even some of them 24 hours every week. Every
class gets the English lesson for 4 hours according to curriculum of SMPN.
But the result of learning English is still insufficient. It can be seen from
National Examination (UN) score of English. The score is the lowest from
four subjects, those are; Indonesian language, mathematics, English, and
Science. Furthermore, the students never win in any English competition.
Therefore, the school has decided in a meeting that English must be taught in
a team. It has been conducted since the academy year of 2007/2008.
By team teaching, the school hopes that:
1.
2.
3.
4.
The increased learning can result through the cooperative efforts of
the teaching team on a common instructional problem
Interest in content can be increased as the result of team teaching
planning, presenting and structuring appropriate learning activities
The improvement in teaching performance can take place through
team membership
The English teachers can use the available time based on the
government rule, 24 hours every week for every teacher
In addition, the learners will study English with good concentration as
Lounsbury said in the National Middle School Association “ when team
teaching is fully implemented, however, research has shown it leads to an
improved work climate, more frequent contact with parents, increased teacher
job satisfaction, and higher levels of student achievement”(http://www.
educationworld.com/a-admin/290.shtml).
In the process of teaching English by conducting Team Teaching,
logically, the process of learning English and the students’ achievement will
be better when they are taught by team teaching approach. The students are
able to accept more than one opinion and active more cooperatively with
others. Besides, the students’ level of understanding can be increased or it
enables the student to obtain higher achievement. But, team teaching is not as
easy as we hope to conduct. Furthermore, by the lack of teachers
understanding of team teaching, it is difficult for teachers to plan the process
of teaching, implement the plan, and make the evaluation together with their
group.
Team members should develop and enhance their own teaching approach
and methods. They should work closely with one or more colleagues in order
to overcome the isolation inherent in teaching. They should discuss issues
related to students, such as behavioral expectations, student’s motivation, and
teaching policies, and improved solution.
In addition, concerning with the teachers’ readiness to teach English in
team teaching, it is important to consider the capability of the teachers. It
means that teachers should be ready with their knowledge about how to
conduct team teaching English. Smithwick states, “For a team of teachers to
be strong and productive, everyone must work together in a collegial manner”
(http://www.educationworld.com/a-admin/290.shtml).
Therefore,
it
is
interesting to learn how to implement team teaching English. That is the
reason why this research will be done
Mineralogical, Textural, and Infiltration Capacity Analysis of Athletic Field Soils: A Metadisciplinary Study for Turf Management at Hope College
No full textCollaborative research occurs in many forms. While interdisciplinary projects are common, this presentation reports on a metadisciplinary collaboration at Hope College. Work involves horizontal integration of subject matter, generating data of interest to geologists, chemists, environmental scientists, and engineers. Research also involves horizontal and vertical integration of personnel with different educational experience and occupational roles.For example, a rising high school senior worked under the guidance of a rising college senior. Both students collaborated with an assistant professor and a full professor, as well as staff from the Grounds Department.
Healthy turf is an essential requirement for a safe and effective natural athletic field. Optimized irrigation is a necessary part of field management. To that end, the team collected and analyzed soil data including infiltration capacity, grain size distribution, fine particle distribution, mineralogy, and bulk adsorption behavior for pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). Several techniques were used including soil boring, sieving, XRD, double-ring infiltrometer tests, laser particle counting, column and batch experiments, and subsequent LC/MS analysis of attendant solutions. The study included 10 different turf fields representing a range of manicuring.
Some results, for example, show that standard uniformity coefficients and porosities do not adequately predict infiltration capacity; but rather, particle size distribution of the very fine materials (\u3c37μm), is more important to infiltration behavior. Also, preliminary XRD data indicate that specific mineralogical differences of the clay-size fraction between the most manicured and least manicured turfs may play a key role in PPCP transport.
This project is characterized by different outcomes for different end-users. Infiltration capacity and textural data are useful for the Grounds Department. As the use of treated wastewater for irrigation of turf areas becomes a reality, mineralogical adsorption data on PPCPs in soils will be essential for scientists and engineers engaged in environmental policy making
The effectiveness of interventions to treat severe acute malnutrition in young children: a systematic review
No full textSevere acute malnutrition (SAM) arises as a consequence of a sudden period of food shortage and is associated with loss of a person’s body fat and wasting of their skeletal muscle. Many of those affected are already undernourished and are often susceptible to disease. Infants and young children are the most vulnerable as they require extra nutrition for growth and development, have comparatively limited energy reserves and depend on others. Undernutrition can have drastic and wide-ranging consequences for the child’s development and survival in the short and long term. Despite efforts made to treat SAM through different interventions and programmes, it continues to cause unacceptably high levels of mortality and morbidity. Uncertainty remains as to the most effective methods to treat severe acute malnutrition in young children.ObjectivesTo evaluate the effectiveness of interventions to treat infants and children aged < 5 years who have SAM.Data sourcesEight databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, MEDLINE In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations, CAB Abstracts Ovid, Bioline, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, EconLit EBSCO and The Cochrane Library) were searched to 2010. Bibliographies of included articles and grey literature sources were also searched. The project expert advisory group was asked to identify additional published and unpublished references.Review methodsPrior to the systematic review, a Delphi process involving international experts prioritised the research questions. Searches were conducted and two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts for eligibility. Inclusion criteria were applied to the full texts of retrieved papers by one reviewer and checked independently by a second. Included studies were mapped to the research questions. Data extraction and quality assessment were undertaken by one reviewer and checked by a second reviewer. Differences in opinion were resolved through discussion at each stage. Studies were synthesised through a narrative review with tabulation of the results.ResultsA total of 8954 records were screened, 224 full-text articles were retrieved, and 74 articles (describing 68 studies) met the inclusion criteria and were mapped. No evidence focused on treatment of children with SAM who were human immunodeficiency virus sero-positive, and no good-quality or adequately reported studies assessed treatments for SAM among infants < 6 months old. One randomised controlled trial investigated fluid resuscitation solutions for shock, with none adequately treating shock. Children with acute diarrhoea benefited from the use of hypo-osmolar oral rehydration solution (H-ORS) compared with the standard World Health Organization-oral rehydration solution (WHO-ORS). WHO-ORS was not significantly different from rehydration solution for malnutrition (ReSoMal), but the safety of ReSoMal was uncertain. A rice-based ORS was more beneficial than glucose-based ORSs, and provision of zinc plus a WHO-ORS had a favourable impact on diarrhoea and need for ORS. Comparisons of different diets in children with persistent diarrhoea produced conflicting findings. For treating infection, comparison of amoxicillin with ceftriaxone during inpatient therapy, and routine provision of antibiotics for 7 days versus no antibiotics during outpatient therapy of uncomplicated SAM, found that neither had a significant effect on recovery at the end of follow-up. No evidence mapped to the next three questions on factors that affect sustainability of programmes, long-term survival and readmission rates, the clinical effectiveness of management strategies for treating children with comorbidities such as tuberculosis and Helicobacter pylori infection and the factors that limit the full implementation of treatment programmes. Comparison of treatment for SAM in different settings showed that children receiving inpatient care appear to do as well as those in ambulatory or home settings on anthropometric measures and response time to treatment. Longer-term follow-up showed limited differences between the different settings. The majority of evidence on methods for correcting micronutrient deficiencies considered zinc supplements; however, trials were heterogeneous and a firm conclusion about zinc was not reached. There was limited evidence on either supplementary potassium or nicotinic acid (each produced some benefits), and nucleotides (not associated with benefits). Evidence was identified for four of the five remaining questions, but not assessed because of resource limitation.LimitationsThe systematic review focused on key questions prioritised through a Delphi study and, as a consequence, did not encompass all elements in the management of SAM. In focusing on evidence from controlled studies with the most rigorous designs that were published in the English language, the systematic review may have excluded other forms of evidence. The systematic review identified several limitations in the evidence base for assessing the effectiveness of interventions for treating young children with severe acute malnutrition, including a lack of studies assessing the different interventions; limited details of study methods used; short follow-up post intervention or discharge; and heterogeneity in participants, interventions, settings, and outcome measures affecting generalisability.ConclusionsFor many of the most highly ranked questions evidence was lacking or inconclusive. More research is needed on a range of topic areas concerning the treatment of infants and children with SAM. Further research is required on most aspects of the management of SAM in children < 5 years, including intravenous resuscitation regimens for shock, management of subgroups (e.g. infants < 6 months old, infants and children with SAM who are human immunodeficiency virus sero-positive) and on the use of antibiotics.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Technology Assessment programme.<br/
Penobscot Policy Choices: a Summary of the Findings of the Penobscot River Study Team
No full textPreface
The Penobscot River is one of the most extensively researched rivers in Maine. Some skeptics have noted a negative relationship between the amount of such research and constructive action. In an effort to synchronize the two a bit more closely we offer what we hope is a fairly nontechnical primer on the river\u27s water pollution problems, condensed from the results of a two-year multidisciplinary research project. We also offer a brief review of public pollution policy issues and suggestions for future action.
When the Penobscot Valley was in its heyday as the lumber capital of the world, around the middle of the last century, one used to be able to walk from Bangor to Brewer across the Penobscot River on the decks of the ships at anchor. This waterborn commerce is largely gone now, but sometimes it still seems as if one could walk across the River on its thick covering of foam. These images convey the region\u27s spirit at different times, the first of vitality and expanding opportunity, the second of stagnation - both environmental and economic.
Contributors from the University of Maine at Orono: Richard Harvey, editor (Sociology), Franklin Woodard (Sanitary Engineering), Charles Wallace (Business Administration), James Henderson (Political Science), Harriet Henry (Law), John Maroney and Gary White (Wildlife Management), and Edgar Imhoff (Hydrology).https://digicom.bpl.lib.me.us/books_pubs/1288/thumbnail.jp
A Potluck of Personality: Culture of the Distributed Team at a College
No full textThis ethnographic study explores the style of communication in an office that receives its information in a central location but does its work outside of that location. Because the work of Hope College’s Physical Plant is done through distributed teams, alternate communication patterns are used to compensate for face-to-face interactions between departments. Shared identity, a sense of participating in the “in group” of an organization; shared context, an equal share of access to similar resources and work structures; and spontaneous communication, or informal, unplanned interactions experiences among team members, are used to form the culture of the Physical Plant and help to manage conflict that arises. These patterns were identified through participant observation, formal and informal interviews, and document analysis. The culture can be captured by the root metaphor of a pot luck dinner: Everyone brings something different to the table and while there may be confusion and repetition among dishes, the focus of the event is on providing a good meal and building relationships. The data from this study could be used to develop other research on culture in distributed teams that are not separated through large geographical distances
Some observations on hyperuniform disordered photonic bandgap materials, from microwave scale study to infrared scale study
No full textA novel class of disordered photonic materials, hyperuniform disordered solids (HUDS), attracted more attention. Recently they have been experimentally proven to provide complete photonic band gap (PBG) when made with Alumina or Si; as well as single-polarization PBG when made with plastic with refract index of 1.6. These PBGs were shown to be real energy gaps with zero density of photonic states, instead of mobility gaps of low transmission due to scattering, etc. Using cm-scale samples and microwave experiments, we reveal the nature of photonic modes existing in these disordered materials by analyzing phase delay and mapping field distribution profile inside them. We also show how to extend the proof-of-concept microwave studies of these materials to proof-of-scale studies for real applications, by designing and fabricating these disordered photonic materials at submicron-scale with functional devices for 1.55 micron wavelength. The intrinsic isotropy of the disordered structure is an inherent advantage associated with the absence of limitations of orientational order, which is shown to provide valuable freedom in defect architecture design impossible in periodical structures. NSF Award DMR-1308084, the University of Surrey's FRSF and Santander awards
Coaching Communication: Effects of Different Coaching Styles on Athletes
No full textBecause every person communicates differently, no one person responds to messages the same exact way as someone else. Communication is especially important in the world of sports. Athletes need to talk and relate to their teammates both on and off the court. It is also very important for athletes to respect and connect to their coach. However, establishing a productive athlete-coach relationship is not always easy because there are many different coaching styles across sports. Many times, coaching techniques can strongly impact the team’s chemistry. Some coaches shout at their team using a command speaking style, while other coaches have a cooperative communication style. With this background in mind, this project examined what Hope College student athletes believe is the best coaching communication style. The research group interviewed athletes from almost every Hope male and female team, asking their opinions about coaching styles and the styles’ impact on team chemistry, cohesion, and performance. The qualitative interview analysis revealed two findings: Cooperative coaching is the most common coaching style at Hope, and that student athletes had very different responses to coaching styles. Finally, the study found that it is difficult to predict which coaching style will be more productive because it depends on the athletes and how they respond to their leader
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