125,717 research outputs found
New perspectives on depression and heart disease
No full textOngeveer een op de vijf hartpatiënten krijgt last van een depressie. Onderzoeker Petra Hoen van het UMCG maakte onderscheid tussen verschillende vormen van depressieve klachten bij deze patiënten en stelde vast dat ze samenhangen met een verschillend ziektebeloop. Hartpatiënten bij wie lichamelijke depressieve klachten zoals vermoeidheid en slapeloosheid voorop staan, hebben een slechter ziektebeloop dan patiënten met een depressieve stemming en concentratieproblemen. Hoen pleit voor meer aandacht voor de behandeling van lichamelijke depressieve klachten, bijvoorbeeld met lichaamsbeweging. Op 12 september promoveert Hoen op de resultaten van haar onderzoek aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen.
Hartpatiënten hebben last van vernauwde kransslagaders, wat zich uit in angina pectoris (pijn op de borst) of een hartaanval. Al langer is bekend dat deze patiënten na behandeling van hun hartziekte een verhoogde kans lopen om depressief te worden. Behandeling van de depressie blijkt nauwelijks effectief te zijn, en ook de hartklachten nemen niet af door de depressiebehandeling.
Samenhang depressie en hartklachten
Hoen onderzocht een groep van 473 patiënten die een depressie ontwikkelden na een hartaanval. Zij maakte onderscheid tussen lichamelijke depressieve klachten zoals vermoeidheid, eet- en slaapproblemen, en cognitieve depressieve klachten, zoals depressieve stemming en concentratieproblemen. Uit haar onderzoek blijkt dat de lichamelijke depressieve klachten samenhangen met de ernst van de hartziekte en het beloop ervan. Hoen concludeert dat deze lichamelijke klachten een hoger risico op nieuwe hartziekten of een eerder overlijden geven.
Positieve emoties
De impact van negatieve emoties op het beloop van hartziekte is uitgebreid onderzocht, terwijl maar weinig studies zijn gedaan naar de effecten van positieve emoties. Om in deze leemte te voorzien, heeft Hoen een groep van 1019 patiënten met een stabiele vorm van hartziekte gevolgd over een periode van zeven jaar. Het ervaren van positieve gevoelens werd gemeten aan de hand van hoe enthousiast, energiek en alert een persoon in het leven staat. Hoen stelde vast dat hartpatiënten met positieve gevoelens een toegenomen levensduur hebben. Deze samenhang werd verklaard door de hogere mate van lichamelijke activiteit van de hartpatiënten met een positieve stemming. De bevindingen wijzen erop dat de toename van overleving die samenhangt met het ervaren van positieve gevoelens, mogelijk bereikt kan worden met behandelingen die ook lichamelijke training bevorderen.
About one in five heart patients develops depression. Researcher Petra Hoen from the UMCG distinguished between various types of symptoms of depression in this group of patients, and ascertained that there was a link with differences in the progression of the illness. If the main symptoms of depression in heart patients are physical, such as fatigue and insomnia, the progress of their illness is worse than in patients suffering depressed mood and concentration problems. Hoen wants to see more attention paid to treating the physical symptoms of depression, through physical exercise for example. On 12 September, she will be awarded a PhD for the results of her research at the University of Groningen.
Heart patients suffer from constricted coronary arteries, which may present as angina pectoris (chest pains) or a heart attack. It is well known that these patients have a higher risk of developing depression after being treated for heart disease. Treatment does little to help either the depression or the heart problems.
Link between depression and heart problems
Hoen studied a group of 473 patients who had developed depression after a heart attack. She made a distinction between the physical symptoms of depression (such as fatigue, problems eating and sleeping) and the cognitive symptoms of depression (such as depressed mood and concentration problems). Her research showed that the physical symptoms are linked to the severity of the heart disease and its progress. Hoen concluded that these physical symptoms indicated a higher risk of renewed heart disease or earlier mortality.
Positive emotions
The impact of negative emotions on the progress of heart disease has been studied in great detail, whereas little research has been carried out into the effects of positive emotions. In order to stop this gap, Hoen monitored a group of 1,019 patients with a stable form of heart disease over a period of seven years. Positive emotions were measured on the basis of how enthusiastic, energetic and alert the patients were. Hoen discovered that heart patients with positive emotions had an increased life expectancy. This link was explained by a higher level of physical activity among the heart patients with a positive attitude. The findings seem to indicate that it may be possible to achieve the increased survival rate linked to experiencing positive emotions by administering treatment that includes physical training.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
The Modified Diagonalization Method for Analysing Clusters within Economies
No full textIn this paper a modification of the diagonalization method, originally put forward by Hoen (2002), is suggested which is aimed at uncovering clusters of sectors within an input-output framework. Our interest in this subject was largely motivated by the fact that the preceding method appears to be incapable of providing us with an accurate representation of the real cluster structure that exists in an economy, as a consequence of missing the position at which a given inter-sectoral flow stands in the hierarchy of the purchasing industry and the supplying industry. By making a distinction between an internal and external relationship, when it comes up at the moment of deciding whether each pair of industries is categorized as belonging to the same or different clusters, the proposed alternative, which will be referred to as the modified diagonalization method, seems to be superior to its predecessor. Such a conclusion is supported by the results of comparison of the relative performance of the rival methods (i.e. the original and modified diagonalization method) which show, among other things, that the average value of flows between industries grouped into clusters is higher in the case of the proposed method.internal and external interindustrial relationships, diagonalization method, clusters
Exploiting the full power of temporal gene expression profiling through a new statistical test: Application to the analysis of muscular dystrophy data
No full textBackground: The identification of biologically interesting genes in a temporal expression profiling
dataset is challenging and complicated by high levels of experimental noise. Most statistical methods
used in the literature do not fully exploit the temporal ordering in the dataset and are not suited
to the case where temporal profiles are measured for a number of different biological conditions.
We present a statistical test that makes explicit use of the temporal order in the data by fitting
polynomial functions to the temporal profile of each gene and for each biological condition. A
Hotelling T2-statistic is derived to detect the genes for which the parameters of these polynomials
are significantly different from each other.
Results: We validate the temporal Hotelling T2-test on muscular gene expression data from four
mouse strains which were profiled at different ages: dystrophin-, beta-sarcoglycan and gammasarcoglycan
deficient mice, and wild-type mice. The first three are animal models for different
muscular dystrophies. Extensive biological validation shows that the method is capable of finding
genes with temporal profiles significantly different across the four strains, as well as identifying
potential biomarkers for each form of the disease. The added value of the temporal test compared
to an identical test which does not make use of temporal ordering is demonstrated via a simulation
study, and through confirmation of the expression profiles from selected genes by quantitative PCR
experiments. The proposed method maximises the detection of the biologically interesting genes,
whilst minimising false detections.
Conclusion: The temporal Hotelling T2-test is capable of finding relatively small and robust sets
of genes that display different temporal profiles between the conditions of interest. The test is
simple, it can be used on gene expression data generated from any experimental design and for any
number of conditions, and it allows fast interpretation of the temporal behaviour of genes. The R
code is available from V.V. The microarray data have been submitted to GEO under series
GSE1574 and GSE3523
A warmin' up in Dixie
No full textGift of Dr. Mary Jane Esplen.Piano [instrumentation]B flat [key]Popular piano ; cake-walk [form/genre]Blackface, camp fire [illustration]A. Hoen and Co., Richmond, VA [lithographer]Publisher's advertisement on back cover [note
Charge of the light brigade ; march
No full textGift of Dr. Mary Jane Esplen.Piano [instrumentation]B flat [key]Allegro con spirito [tempo]Popular piano ; march [form/genre]Horse brigade charge [illustration]A. Hoen and Co., Richmond, VA [lithographer]Publisher's advertisement on back cover [note
B-hemolytic Streptococci as a cause of infectious endocarditis. Report from the ICE prospective cohort study
No full textPragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
United nations ; march and two-step
No full textGift of Dr. Mary Jane Esplen.Piano [instrumentation]B flat [key]Moderato [tempo]Popular piano ; march and two-step [form/genre]Liberty and Britannia shaking hands [illustration]A. Hoen and Co., Richmond, VA [lithographer]Publisher's advertisement inside first cover and back cover [note]F.W. Woolworth Co. [dealer stamp
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