5,210 research outputs found
Pioneers of Library Movement in Pakistan
Get PDFThe paper aims to describe in brief the contribution of seven leaders of Pakistan librarianship, viz. K.B. Khalifa M. Asadullah, Prof. Dr. Abdul Moid, Dr. Abdus Subuh Qasimi, Muhammad Shafi, Fazal Elahi, Khawaja Nur Elahi and S. V. Hussain. The early library developments are given for better understanding of the role of these leaders
Hydraulic simulations to evaluate and predict design and operation of the Chashma Right Bank Canal
Get PDFIrrigation systems / Irrigation canals / Flow control / Velocity / Canal regulation techniques / Hydraulics / Simulation models / Design / Operations / Crop-based irrigation / Distributary canals / Water delivery / Policy / Protective irrigation / Water allocation / Water requirements / Sedimentation / Water distribution / Equity / Water conveyance / Pakistan / Chashma Right Bank Canal
Study of Pakistan pilot project farmer-leaders to Nepal
Get PDFFarmer participation / Irrigation management / Farmer managed irrigation systems / Irrigated farming / Sustainable agriculture / Institution building / Pakistan
(Petrobia) Murray, s. str.
No full textSubgenus Petrobia Murray s. str. Diagnosis. Based on Khanjani et al. (2016). Peritremes anastomosing, terminating in a large or sometimes small multi-chambered bulb; dorsal body setae short, usually not extending past bases of setae in subsequent row, body setae usually not on tubercles, but sometimes caudal setae f 1–2 and h 1 on tubercles; solenidia present on tarsi III and IV.Published as part of Mirza, Jawwad Hassan, Kamran, Muhammad & Alatawi, Fahad Jaber, 2023, Two new species of the subgenus Petrobia (Petrobia) Müller from Saudi Arabia, pp. 1178-1191 in Journal of Natural History 57 (21 - 24) on page 1179, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2023.2238947, http://zenodo.org/record/827090
Nature and death in the poetry of al-Malā'ika, al-Shābbī and Shukrī, and certain English Romantic poets : a comparative study
No full textThe first part of this thesis, divided into two
chapters, deals with the early background of European
Romanticism; the reasons behind its appearance and
problems of definition. There follows a discussion on
the question of the originality of Arabic Romanticism,
with ,a brief review of the roots and main literary groups
of this movement in Arabic poetry.
Part two examines the influence of English poetry
and thought on three Arab Romantic poets: Nāzik Sādiq
al-Malā'ika, Abū al-Qāsim al-Shābbī and
Abd aI-Rahmān Shukrī.
This is discussed parallel with the channels of
this influence.
The main focus of this research is however, to show
the ways in which al-Malā'ika, al-Shābbī and Shukrī perceived and reflected nature and death in their poetry.
Their attitudes towards certain phenomena in nature
such as the countryside, night, the sea, childhood and
moral and social lessons of nature are compared with
certain attitudes of Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats and
Shelley.
Themes such as life and death, fear of death,
fatalism, immortality and death as a welcome experience
are also the concern of this thesis, with a comparison of
these themes in the poetry of the Arab and English
Romantic poets.
However, owing to the popularity of Keats and
Shelley with the three Arab Romantic poets, this thesis
concentrates on their poetry.
This research has selected only certain phenomena
and themes from nature--and death because of the dominance
of these subjects in the poetry of al-Malā'ika, al-Shābbī and Shukrī. The translations of Arabic poetry in this thesis are
intended to convey the general sense of the source texts,
rather than to give a precise rendering of these texts
into English
From damage to disaster: a study of vulnerability to flash flooding in urban Wadi Hadhramaut, Yemen.
Get PDFThis research is a study of the changing vulnerability of three towns in the Wadi Hadhramaut, Yemen, to flash flooding. The predominant construction material of the towns, Seiyun, Shibam and Tarim, is the sun-dried mud-brick, a seemingly unpractical choice in an area where floods are expected annually. However, until recently, the vulnerability of the towns to flooding has been limited. The majority of the flood events in the Wadi Hadhramaut have caused little destruction within the towns, the damage being manifested in the collapse of a few houses. Reconstruction of damage caused by flooding has remained within the capability of the communities. Until recently, the protection of the towns has been through the practice of building on the raised ground beneath the mountains and on islands of colluvial material defined by channels on the flood plain. Weirs and channels in the wadi bed guide and disperse the flood waters so that their destructive effect is reduced. Mitigation has been provided by aspects of house construction, and traditions of co-operation within the communities. Unfortunately, as a result of the rapid and erratic process of urbanisation, the towns are becoming increasingly vulnerable to flash floods. The town planning principles of building on high ground and controlling flood waters have been affected by the pressing need to find more land on which to house the growing population. House construction has taken place at the edges of the flood channels. Agricultural lands that once absorbed flood waters have been developed into residential areas. Large suburbs have been developed in areas prone to inundation during major floods. These trends, coupled with the disruption caused by government intervention in community co-operation, have substantially increased the likelihood of a major flash flood causing a disaster in any one of these three towns
Some Letters by Muhammad al-Ghāli Ba
No full textCe manuscrit comprend des correspondances et un article. Les correspondances étaient destinées à plusieurs personnes. L'article a été réécrit lorsque l'auteur, Muhammad al-Ghali, travaillait à la radio nationale mauritanienne. L'article traite de la situation politique de la Mauritanie dans les années 80. Il discute des relations entre les partis politiques existants en Mauritanie.This manuscript includes correspondences and one article. The correspondences had been destined to several people. The article was written back when the author, Muhammad al-Ghali, was working at Mauritania' s National Radio. The article addresses the political situation of Mauritania in the 1980s. It discusses the relationship between the existing political parties in Mauritanian
Caching in fog radio access networks : modeling, analysis and optimization
Get PDFAbstract
Edge caching in Fog Radio Access Networks (FRAN) has been an area of key research over the past few years. Although a large number of research works have been carried out, the need for designing and scaling latency-constrained cache-enabled cloud-aided wireless networks requires rethinking of learning-based methodologies focusing on ultra-dense networks. In this regard, the motivation of this thesis is to propose different methodologies to jointly solve the problem of content caching and resource allocation in cloud-aided wireless networks under latency constraints.
Within this work, edge caching for wireless networks is mainly investigated under three cases: a theoretical analysis of content caching problem with storage-bandwidth trade off in Small Cell Networks (SCNs), a learning-based caching in cloud-aided wireless networks, and a latency-aware radio resource optimization in learning-based cloud-aided wireless networks. Optimizing caching strategy of edge nodes, especially for a large number of contents and ultra-dense networks, is extremely challenging due to the spatio-temporal variation of user requests, fronthaul limitations, latency constraints and severe interference. Moreover, due to the absence of inter-base station communications, intelligent learning aided techniques are required to choose optimal caching strategies, resource allocation and user scheduling in a distributed manner. To overcome these challenges in this work, numerous techniques are developed by combining the tools from stochastic geometry, machine learning and Lyapunov optimization.
Extensive sets of simulations were carried out to validate the performance of the proposed methods compared to conventional models that fail to account for the limitations due to network scale, dynamics of queue and channel states, fronthaul capacity, latency constraints and the lack of coordination between network elements. The results show that the proposed methods yield significant gains in terms of delay minimization and rate improvements compared to the conventional models studied in the existing literature. Original papers Tamoor-ul-Hassan, S., Samarakoon, S., Bennis, M., & Latva-aho, M. (2024). Latency-aware radio resource optimization in learning-based cloud-aided small cell wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, 8(1), 542–558. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2023.3317128 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2023.3317128 Tamoor-ul-Hassan, S., Samarakoon, S., Bennis, M., Latva-aho, M., & Hong, C. S. (2018). Learning-based caching in cloud-aided wireless networks. IEEE Communications Letters, 22(1), 137–140. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2017.2759270 https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2017.2759270 Self-archived version Tamoor-ul-Hassan, S., Bennis, M., Nardelli, P. H. J., & Latva-aho, M. (2016). Caching in wireless small cell networks: A storage-bandwidth tradeoff. IEEE Communications Letters, 20(6), 1175–1178. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2543698 https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2543698 Tamoor-ul-Hassan, S., Bennis, M., Nardelli, P. H. J., & Latva-Aho, M. (2015). Modeling and analysis of content caching in wireless small cell networks. 2015 International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS), 765–769. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2015.7454454 https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2015.7454454 Tiivistelmä
Edge-välimuisti Fog Radio Access Networkissa (FRAN) on ollut keskeinen tutkimusalue muutaman viime vuoden aikana. Vaikka tutkimustöitä on tehty paljon, latenssirajoitteisten välimuistiin perustuvien langattomien verkkojen suunnittelun ja skaalauksen tarve edellyttää oppimiseen perustuvien metodologioiden uudelleen miettimistä ultratiheisiin verkkoihin keskittyen. Tässä suhteessa tämän opinnäytetyön motiivina on ehdottaa erilaisia menetelmiä sisällön välimuistin ja resurssien allokoinnin ongelman ratkaisemiseksi yhdessä pilviavusteisissa langattomissa verkoissa latenssirajoitteissa.
Tässä työssä langattomien verkkojen reunavälimuistia tutkitaan pääasiassa kolmessa tapauksessa: sisällön välimuistiongelman teoreettinen analyysi tallennustilan kaistanleveyden kompromissin kanssa Small Cell Networkissa (SCN), oppimiseen perustuva välimuisti pilviavusteisessa välimuistissa langattomissa verkoissa ja latenssitietoinen radioresurssien optimointi oppimiseen perustuvissa pilviavusteisissa langattomissa verkoissa. Reunasolmujen välimuististrategian optimointi, erityisesti suurelle määrälle sisältöjä ja erittäin tiheitä verkkoja, on äärimmäisen haastavaa käyttäjien pyyntöjen tila-ajallisen vaihtelun, fronthaul-rajoitusten, latenssirajoitusten ja vakavien häiriöiden vuoksi. Lisäksi tukiasemien välisen viestinnän puuttumisen vuoksi tarvitaan älykkäitä oppimista tukevia tekniikoita optimaalisten välimuististrategioiden, resurssien allokoinnin ja käyttäjien ajoituksen valitsemiseksi hajautetusti. Näiden haasteiden voittamiseksi tässä työssä kehitetään lukuisia tekniikoita yhdistämällä työkalut stokastisesta geometriasta, koneoppimisesta ja Ljapunov-optimoinnista.
Laajoja simulaatiosarjoja on tehty ehdotettujen menetelmien suorituskyvyn validoimiseksi verrattuna perinteisiin malleihin, jotka eivät ota huomioon verkon mittakaavasta, jonon ja kanavan tilojen dynamiikasta, etuliikenteen kapasiteetista, latenssirajoitteista ja koordinaation puutteesta johtuvia rajoituksia verkon elementtien välillä. Tulokset osoittavat, että ehdotetut menetelmät tuottavat merkittäviä etuja viiveen minimoinnissa ja nopeuden parannuksissa verrattuna olemassa olevassa kirjallisuudessa tutkittuihin perinteisiin malleihin. Osajulkaisut Tamoor-ul-Hassan, S., Samarakoon, S., Bennis, M., & Latva-aho, M. (2024). Latency-aware radio resource optimization in learning-based cloud-aided small cell wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, 8(1), 542–558. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2023.3317128 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2023.3317128 Tamoor-ul-Hassan, S., Samarakoon, S., Bennis, M., Latva-aho, M., & Hong, C. S. (2018). Learning-based caching in cloud-aided wireless networks. IEEE Communications Letters, 22(1), 137–140. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2017.2759270 https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2017.2759270 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Tamoor-ul-Hassan, S., Bennis, M., Nardelli, P. H. J., & Latva-aho, M. (2016). Caching in wireless small cell networks: A storage-bandwidth tradeoff. IEEE Communications Letters, 20(6), 1175–1178. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2543698 https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2016.2543698 Tamoor-ul-Hassan, S., Bennis, M., Nardelli, P. H. J., & Latva-Aho, M. (2015). Modeling and analysis of content caching in wireless small cell networks. 2015 International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS), 765–769. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2015.7454454 https://doi.org/10.1109/ISWCS.2015.7454454 Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering of the University of Oulu for public defence via remote access on 9 December 2024, at 11 a.m.Abstract
Edge caching in Fog Radio Access Networks (FRAN) has been an area of key research over the past few years. Although a large number of research works have been carried out, the need for designing and scaling latency-constrained cache-enabled cloud-aided wireless networks requires rethinking of learning-based methodologies focusing on ultra-dense networks. In this regard, the motivation of this thesis is to propose different methodologies to jointly solve the problem of content caching and resource allocation in cloud-aided wireless networks under latency constraints.
Within this work, edge caching for wireless networks is mainly investigated under three cases: a theoretical analysis of content caching problem with storage-bandwidth trade off in Small Cell Networks (SCNs), a learning-based caching in cloud-aided wireless networks, and a latency-aware radio resource optimization in learning-based cloud-aided wireless networks. Optimizing caching strategy of edge nodes, especially for a large number of contents and ultra-dense networks, is extremely challenging due to the spatio-temporal variation of user requests, fronthaul limitations, latency constraints and severe interference. Moreover, due to the absence of inter-base station communications, intelligent learning aided techniques are required to choose optimal caching strategies, resource allocation and user scheduling in a distributed manner. To overcome these challenges in this work, numerous techniques are developed by combining the tools from stochastic geometry, machine learning and Lyapunov optimization.
Extensive sets of simulations were carried out to validate the performance of the proposed methods compared to conventional models that fail to account for the limitations due to network scale, dynamics of queue and channel states, fronthaul capacity, latency constraints and the lack of coordination between network elements. The results show that the proposed methods yield significant gains in terms of delay minimization and rate improvements compared to the conventional models studied in the existing literature.Tiivistelmä
Edge-välimuisti Fog Radio Access Networkissa (FRAN) on ollut keskeinen tutkimusalue muutaman viime vuoden aikana. Vaikka tutkimustöitä on tehty paljon, latenssirajoitteisten välimuistiin perustuvien langattomien verkkojen suunnittelun ja skaalauksen tarve edellyttää oppimiseen perustuvien metodologioiden uudelleen miettimistä ultratiheisiin verkkoihin keskittyen. Tässä suhteessa tämän opinnäytetyön motiivina on ehdottaa erilaisia menetelmiä sisällön välimuistin ja resurssien allokoinnin ongelman ratkaisemiseksi yhdessä pilviavusteisissa langattomissa verkoissa latenssirajoitteissa.
Tässä työssä langattomien verkkojen reunavälimuistia tutkitaan pääasiassa kolmessa tapauksessa: sisällön välimuistiongelman teoreettinen analyysi tallennustilan kaistanleveyden kompromissin kanssa Small Cell Networkissa (SCN), oppimiseen perustuva välimuisti pilviavusteisessa välimuistissa langattomissa verkoissa ja latenssitietoinen radioresurssien optimointi oppimiseen perustuvissa pilviavusteisissa langattomissa verkoissa. Reunasolmujen välimuististrategian optimointi, erityisesti suurelle määrälle sisältöjä ja erittäin tiheitä verkkoja, on äärimmäisen haastavaa käyttäjien pyyntöjen tila-ajallisen vaihtelun, fronthaul-rajoitusten, latenssirajoitusten ja vakavien häiriöiden vuoksi. Lisäksi tukiasemien välisen viestinnän puuttumisen vuoksi tarvitaan älykkäitä oppimista tukevia tekniikoita optimaalisten välimuististrategioiden, resurssien allokoinnin ja käyttäjien ajoituksen valitsemiseksi hajautetusti. Näiden haasteiden voittamiseksi tässä työssä kehitetään lukuisia tekniikoita yhdistämällä työkalut stokastisesta geometriasta, koneoppimisesta ja Ljapunov-optimoinnista.
Laajoja simulaatiosarjoja on tehty ehdotettujen menetelmien suorituskyvyn validoimiseksi verrattuna perinteisiin malleihin, jotka eivät ota huomioon verkon mittakaavasta, jonon ja kanavan tilojen dynamiikasta, etuliikenteen kapasiteetista, latenssirajoitteista ja koordinaation puutteesta johtuvia rajoituksia verkon elementtien välillä. Tulokset osoittavat, että ehdotetut menetelmät tuottavat merkittäviä etuja viiveen minimoinnissa ja nopeuden parannuksissa verrattuna olemassa olevassa kirjallisuudessa tutkittuihin perinteisiin malleihin
Cakar ayam shaping machine
No full textCakar ayam (Figure 7.1) is one of the Malay traditional cookies that are made from sliced sweet potatoes deep-fried in the coconut candy. In current practice of moulding the cookies, the fried sweet potatoes are molded using traditional manual tools, which are inefficient and less productive for the mass production purposes. “Kuih cakar ayam” associated with the meaning of the idiom means less messy handwriting has a somewhat negative connotation .This cookies may just seem less attractive in shape but still likeable . In fact, this cookie is considered a popular snack even outside the holiday season. The choice of the name of this cookie is more to shape actually resembles former chicken scratches made by the paw the ground while foraging. The value of wisdom, beauty and creativity of the Malays is clearly evident through the Malay cookie. Although it is attacked by the invention of modern cakes that look far more interesting, these cakes will be able to survive a long time until now
The role of the accused in English and Islamic criminal justice
Get PDFThis thesis is a comparative study of the role of the accused in the systems of
English and Islamic criminal justice. It seeks to explore the underlying
relationship between the individual and the state through an historical, structural
and contextual analysis of their rules relating to questioning and of confessions.
The analysis of the English system covers the period 1800 to 1984, with
particular reference to developments during the nineteenth century when the
foundations for the modern English state were established. The analysis of the
Islamic system combines traditionally Islamic and modern methods, assessing the
"Islamisation" movement in Malaysia through a religico-structural understanding
of juristic opinion from the four main schools of Sunnite jurisprudence.
The thesis contributes to existing knowledge on a number of levels: first, it
questions and revises the "myth" of "progress" that has dominated observations
of the history of the English criminal justice system; second, it elucidates the
relationship between Islamic law in theory and the law that is applied and
proposed in its name in Muslim states; third, it provides an analytical framework
for drawing comparisons between the underlying values of the systems of English
and Islamic criminal justice.
While acknowledging fundamental differences in terms of outlook and
articulation, the author concludes there are important similarities expressed
through such notions as "suspect" in the English system and "kafir"I"fasiq" in the
Islamic. These act as intermediate constitutional categories to whom the state
owe less protection. But the author notes also that these similarities are not
observed necessarily in the "law" which is implemented or proposed in Muslim
states; exact correspondence depends upon the over-arching political structure
and the institution of Caliphate.
The thesis is divided into six chapters: chapter one sets out the conventional view
of the historical development of English criminal procedure and evidence;
chapter two subjects that to a critique and chapter three offers a revised thesis.
Chapter four, explores methods for interpreting and explaining Islam; chapter
five sets out rules relating to confessions and questioning according to the four
Sunni schools; chapter six puts them into "context" through an examination of
the "Islamisation" process in Malaysia
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