1,720,957 research outputs found
Pregnancy during a pandemic: a deep phenotyping approach exploring the role of inflammation on postpartum cognitive decline and depression.
Get PDFPeripartum depression (PPD) results in physical, emotional, and behavioral changes during pregnancy and postpartum that occur in roughly 20% of women, yet COVID-19 may have increased the prevalence of PPD. Furthermore, during this period, women may be vulnerable to the development of cognitive deficits. The biological causes of PPD and cognitive decline are still unclear. These issues may arise due to brain structural and functional alterations; however, results are inconclusive. Moreover, dysregulation of immunological changes during and after pregnancy may impact mood and cognition.
Therefore, we investigated the neurobiological patterns of PPD. We first examined the neuroimaging and genetic associations of a history of PPD in a sample of mood disorder patients. Secondly, we explored the neuroimaging and inflammatory correlates of a current PPD episode and cognitive impairment. In both samples, we used structural and functional neuroimaging to investigate associations of PPD and cognitive impairment and partial least squares (PLS) regression models to predict PPD and cognitive impairment using polygenetic risk scores (PRSs) and inflammatory markers respectively.
In our retrospective sample, we found larger basal ganglia volumes in MDD women with a PPD history compared to those without a PPD history, as well as a differential effect of estradiol PRSs on the area based on PPD status. We also found DTI differences based on PPD onset and interactions between PPD and psychiatric PRSs on DTI measures. Women with a PPD history also had increased functional connectivity in visual areas. In the PLS regressions, multiple PRSs were associated with PPD status and slightly differed based on mood disorder diagnosis. In our prospective sample, we found numerous correlates of depressive, anxiety, and cognitive symptomatology including reduced grey matter volume and thickness with a differential effect of cytokines on grey matter structure according to depressive symptoms. We also found increased mean diffusivity in white matter tracts according to third-trimester anxiety and cognitive scores and reduced functional connectivity according to third-trimester depression and anxiety symptoms. Lastly, we identified significant predictive models of PPD symptoms and cognition using third-trimester and postpartum cytokine levels. Overall, we demonstrate current and long-term neuroimaging associations of PPD and that these neurobiological differences are associated with genetic predispositions and peripheral immune markers.La depressione peripartum (PPD) comporta cambiamenti fisici, emotivi e comportamentali durante la gravidanza e il post-partum che si verificano in circa il 20% delle donne, ma la pandemia COVID-19 potrebbe aver aumentato la prevalenza della PPD. Inoltre, durante questo periodo, le donne possono essere vulnerabili allo sviluppo di deficit cognitivi. Le cause biologiche della PPD e del declino cognitivo non sono ancora chiare. Questi problemi potrebbero derivare da alterazioni strutturali e funzionali del cervello, ma i risultati non sono conclusivi. Inoltre, la disregolazione dei cambiamenti immunologici durante e dopo la gravidanza può avere un impatto sull'umore e sulla cognizione.
Pertanto, abbiamo studiato i correlati neurobiologici della PPD. Abbiamo innanzitutto esaminato le associazioni genetiche e di neuroimaging di una storia di PPD in un campione di pazienti con disturbi dell'umore. In secondo luogo, abbiamo esplorato i correlati neurali e infiammatori di un episodio attuale di PPD e del deterioramento cognitivo. In entrambi i campioni, abbiamo utilizzato neuroimaging strutturale e funzionale per indagare le associazioni tra PPD e deterioramento cognitivo e modelli di regressione partial least squares (PLS) per prevedere PPD e deterioramento cognitivo utilizzando rispettivamente punteggi di rischio poligenici (polygenic risk score, PRS) e marcatori infiammatori.
Nel nostro campione retrospettivo, abbiamo riscontrato volumi più grandi dei gangli basali nelle donne con disturbo depressivo maggiore con una storia di PPD rispetto a quelle senza storia di PPD, nonché un effetto differenziale del PRS dell'estradiolo sull'area in base allo stato di PPD. Abbiamo anche riscontrato differenze nell’integrita’ della sostanza bianca della in base all'insorgenza del PPD e interazioni tra PPD e PRS psichiatrici su queste misure. Le donne con una storia di PPD presentavano anche una maggiore connettività funzionale nelle aree visive. Nelle regressioni PLS, diversi PRS erano associati allo stato di PPD e differivano leggermente in base alla diagnosi di disturbo dell'umore. Nel nostro campione prospettico, abbiamo trovato numerosi correlati della sintomatologia depressiva, ansiosa e cognitiva, tra cui una riduzione del volume e dello spessore della materia grigia con un effetto differenziale delle citochine sulla struttura della materia grigia in base ai sintomi depressivi. Abbiamo anche riscontrato un aumento della diffusività media nei tratti di materia bianca in base ai punteggi di ansia e sintomi cognitivi del terzo trimestre e una riduzione della connettività funzionale in base ai sintomi di depressione e ansia del terzo trimestre. Infine, abbiamo identificato modelli predittivi significativi dei sintomi della PPD e della cognizione utilizzando i livelli di citochine del terzo trimestre e del post-partum. Nel complesso, abbiamo dimostrato l’esistenza di correlati neurali associati alla PPD sia attuale che nel lungo termine e che queste differenze neurobiologiche sono associate a predisposizioni genetiche e a marcatori immunitari periferici
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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