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La lithiase urinaire : épidémiologie, rôle des éléments traces et des plantes médicinales
Get PDFUrolithiasis is a widespread disease that affects 4-18% of the population according to the countries. This pathology requires a lot of multidisciplinary research. The work presented here aims firstly to clarify the nature of urinary stones in the eastern Algeria and then investigate the role of trace elements as well as the effect of some medicinal plants on the dissolution of urinary stones. The techniques used are mainly the following: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition of the calculi, X-ray fluorescence to determine the nature and content of trace elements and scanning electron microscopy to explore the inner structure of the crystallites at the mesoscopic scale. Other methods such as stereomicroscopy have been used for the morpho-constitutional analysis of the calculi and an experimental model was developed for the study of the effect of medicinal plants in vitro.Although the number of urinary stones considered being low, the epidemiology of urolithiasis in this region of Algeria was sketched. Calcium oxalate stones become predominant due to a change in eating habits but with a persistence of infection-induced calculi persist, whatever the urinary tract or gut origin of the infection. The acquired data do not underline a catalytic role of trace elements detected within the stones but are in favor of a simple adsorption process. None of the tested extracts from the Algerian pharmacopoeia has had a significant effect to dissolve the urinary stones.La lithiase urinaire est une affection très répandue qui touche 4 à 18% de la population selon les pays. Cette pathologie nécessite beaucoup de recherches pluridisciplinaires. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse a pour objet de préciser la nature des calculs urinaires de l’Est Algérien et d’étudier ensuite le rôle de certains éléments traces ainsi que l’effet de quelques extraits de plantes médicinales sur la dissolution des calculs urinaires. Les techniques utilisées sont principalement les suivantes : la spectrophotométrie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier pour déterminer la composition chimique des calculs, la fluorescence X afin de déterminer la nature et la teneur des éléments traces et la microscopie électronique à balayage pour explorer la structure intime des cristallites à l’échelle mésoscopique. D’autres méthodes comme la microscopie optique ont été utilisées pour faire l’analyse morphoconstitutionnelle des calculs. Enfin, un modèle expérimental in vitro a été développé pour étudier l’effet des plantes médicinales. Bien que le nombre de calculs urinaires considérés soit faible, l’épidémiologie de la lithiase dans cette région de l’Algérie a été esquissée. Les calculs d’oxalate de calcium deviennent prépondérants en raison d’un changement des habitudes alimentaires avec toutefois une persistance des calculs d’origine infectieuse que l’infection soit urinaire ou digestive. Les données recueillies sur la distribution des éléments traces ne soulignent pas leur rôle catalytique mais sont en faveur d’un simple processus d’adsorption. Aucun des extraits de plantes testés, tous issus de la pharmacopée algérienne, n’a eu d’effet tangible pour dissoudre les calculs urinaires
Urolithiasis : Epidemiology, the role of trace elements and medicinal plants
No full textLa lithiase urinaire est une affection très répandue qui touche 4 à 18% de la population selon les pays. Cette pathologie nécessite beaucoup de recherches pluridisciplinaires. Le travail présenté dans cette thèse a pour objet de préciser la nature des calculs urinaires de l’Est Algérien et d’étudier ensuite le rôle de certains éléments traces ainsi que l’effet de quelques extraits de plantes médicinales sur la dissolution des calculs urinaires. Les techniques utilisées sont principalement les suivantes : la spectrophotométrie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier pour déterminer la composition chimique des calculs, la fluorescence X afin de déterminer la nature et la teneur des éléments traces et la microscopie électronique à balayage pour explorer la structure intime des cristallites à l’échelle mésoscopique. D’autres méthodes comme la microscopie optique ont été utilisées pour faire l’analyse morphoconstitutionnelle des calculs. Enfin, un modèle expérimental in vitro a été développé pour étudier l’effet des plantes médicinales. Bien que le nombre de calculs urinaires considérés soit faible, l’épidémiologie de la lithiase dans cette région de l’Algérie a été esquissée. Les calculs d’oxalate de calcium deviennent prépondérants en raison d’un changement des habitudes alimentaires avec toutefois une persistance des calculs d’origine infectieuse que l’infection soit urinaire ou digestive. Les données recueillies sur la distribution des éléments traces ne soulignent pas leur rôle catalytique mais sont en faveur d’un simple processus d’adsorption. Aucun des extraits de plantes testés, tous issus de la pharmacopée algérienne, n’a eu d’effet tangible pour dissoudre les calculs urinaires.Urolithiasis is a widespread disease that affects 4-18% of the population according to the countries. This pathology requires a lot of multidisciplinary research. The work presented here aims firstly to clarify the nature of urinary stones in the eastern Algeria and then investigate the role of trace elements as well as the effect of some medicinal plants on the dissolution of urinary stones. The techniques used are mainly the following: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine the chemical composition of the calculi, X-ray fluorescence to determine the nature and content of trace elements and scanning electron microscopy to explore the inner structure of the crystallites at the mesoscopic scale. Other methods such as stereomicroscopy have been used for the morpho-constitutional analysis of the calculi and an experimental model was developed for the study of the effect of medicinal plants in vitro.Although the number of urinary stones considered being low, the epidemiology of urolithiasis in this region of Algeria was sketched. Calcium oxalate stones become predominant due to a change in eating habits but with a persistence of infection-induced calculi persist, whatever the urinary tract or gut origin of the infection. The acquired data do not underline a catalytic role of trace elements detected within the stones but are in favor of a simple adsorption process. None of the tested extracts from the Algerian pharmacopoeia has had a significant effect to dissolve the urinary stones
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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