553 research outputs found
Electro- and Photoluminescence from Ultrathin SI<sub>m</sub>GE<sub>n</sub> Superlattices
No full textABSTRACTP-i-n doped short-period SimGen strained layer superlattices (SLS) are grown on (100) silicon substrates by low temperature molecular beam epitaxy (300C°<∼Tg<∼400C°). The SLS's are grown with period lengths around 10 monolayers (ML) to a thickness of 250nm on a rather thin (50nm) homogeneous Si1−ybGeyb alloy buffer layer serving as strain symmetrizing substrate. Photoluminescence at T=5K is observed for various SimGen SLS samples, the strongest signal was found for a Si5 Ge5 SLS. Samples with identical SLS's but different buffer layer composition and thicknesses are grown to study the influence of strain on the PL. Electroluminescence (EL) at the same energy range is observed from mounted SimGen SLS mesa and waveguide diodes up to T=130K – for the first time reported in strain symmetrized short-period SimGen SLS. The intensity and peak positon of the EL signal was found to be dependent on the injected electrical power.</jats:p
Underground gamma-ray measurements of radium isotopes from hydrothermal plumes in the deep Pacific Ocean
No full text© The Author(s), 2019. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Hult, M., Charette, M., Lutter, G., Marissens, G., Henderson, P., Sobiech-Matura, K., & Simgen, H. Underground gamma-ray measurements of radium isotopes from hydrothermal plumes in the deep Pacific Ocean. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 153, (2019): 108831, doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2019.108831.The radium isotopes 226Ra and 228Ra can provide important data on the dynamics of deep-sea hydrothermal plumes that travel the oceans for decades and have great impact on the ocean chemistry. This study focuses on parameters important for obtaining low detection limits for 228Ra using gamma-ray spectrometry. It is present at mBq-levels in samples collected during the US GEOTRACES 2013 cruise to the Southeast Pacific Ocean.The work of the HADES-staff of Euridice at SCK•CEN is gratefully acknowledged. We are most grateful to Dr. Faidra Tzika for her work in the precursor to this project. Many thanks to Heiko Stroh for quality control and measurements in HADES. This research was supported in part by grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation, Ocean Sciences division (OCE-1232669 and OCE-1736277)
Adsorption techniques for gas purification
No full textAdsorption techniques offer an easily applicable, efficient way to purify gases to the highest purities. The appropriate choice of the adsorber in combination with the right operational parameters allows a selective removal of impurities. In this work the principles of the single- and multi-component adsorption process are discussed. A simple model of chromatography is applied to predict the breakthrough curves of impurities through adsorption columns. The theoretical results were used to develop purification procedures for nitrogen from radon and krypton and argon from radon. More than 200 m3 of nitrogen can be purified from krypton with 1 kg of the appropriate adsorber. For radon no breakthrough was observed in nitrogen and in argon and the 222Rn concentration in the final product was less than 0.5 µBq/m3. ©2005 American Institute of Physic
Hochempfindlicher Nachweis radioaktiver Edelgasnuklide und natürlicher Radionuklide aus der Uran-Zerfallsreihe
No full textSonnenneutrinoexperimente und andere Experimente, die den Nachweis seltener, niederenergetischer Prozesse zum Ziel haben, benötigen eine Umgebung, die frei von radioaktiver Strahlung ist. Neben primordialen Radionukliden müssen vor allem radioaktive Edelgase effektiv aus den Detektionsmedien entfernt werden. Die Durchführung solcher Experimente erfordert daher effiziente Reinigungsverfahren und hochsensitive Messtechniken. In dieser Arbeit wurden Messverfahren für in der Natur auftretende radioaktive Edelgasnuklide mit Proportionalzählrohren entwickelt. Ein wichtiger Schritt ist dabei die Abtrennung von Verunreinigungen von dem interessierenden Edelgas, die mit chromatographischen Methoden durchgeführt wurde. Die Trennung eines Gasgemisches in einer gepackten Säule beruht auf der unterschiedlich starken Adsorption der einzelnen Gaskomponenten. Um den Trennvorgang zu optimieren, wurde die Adsorption von Gasen an verschiedene Adsorbenzien theoretisch und experimentell untersucht. Die Ergebnisse dienen nicht nur der Entwicklung neuer Messverfahren, sondern sind auch für die Entwicklung von Reinigungsverfahren von Bedeutung. Für das BOREXINO-Experiment wird Stickstoff mit einer sehr niedrigen Kryptonkonzentration benötigt. Daher wurde das Rückhaltevermögen verschiedener Adsorbenzien für Krypton in Stickstoff untersucht. Radionuklide aus den natürlichen Zerfallsreihen primordialer Nuklide sind in praktisch allen Materialienvorhanden. In dieser Arbeit wurde 222Rn und 226Ra in hochreinem Wasser gemessen. Außerdem wurde eine Methode zur Aufkonzentrierung von Radium erarbeitet, die auf der Adsorption an Manganoxid basiert. Sie kann sowohl zum Nachweis wie auch zu Reinigungszwecken verwendet werden. Schließlich wurden erste Schritte zur Entwicklung eines sensitiven Nachweisverfahrens von Uran mittels Beschleunigermassenspektrometrie gemacht, das für das LENS-Projekt von Bedeutung ist
Radon and radium assay of water for real-time solar neutrino experiments
No full textReal-time solar neutrino detectors require large quantities of extremely pure target and shielding materials. Water is widely used as it is readily available and can be easily purified. Especially the noble gas radon as well a radium, its long-lived progenitor, have to be carefully removed to achieve a low background rate. The off-line radon/radium assay of water plays an important role in all the present real-time solar neutrino experiments. The techniques applied by the different groups are described and compared here. Sensitivities below 100 muBq/m(3) for radon and radium have been achieved
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