718 research outputs found
Nonsemisimple and complex gaugings of N=16 supergravity
No full textMaximal and non-maximal supergravities in three dimensions allow for a large variety of semisimple (Chern-Simons) gauge groups. In this paper, we analyze non-semisimple and complex gauge groups that satisfy the pertinent consistency relations for a maximal (N=16) gauged supergravity to exist. We give a general procedure how to generate non-semisimple gauge groups from known admissible semisimple gauge groups by a singular boost within E_{8(8)}. Examples include the theories with gauge group SO(8) x T_{28} that describe the reduction of IIA/IIB supergravity on the seven-sphere. In addition, we exhibit two 'strange embeddings' of the complex gauge group SO(8,C) into (real) E_{8(8)} and prove that both can be consistently gauged. We discuss the structure of the associated scalar potentials as well as their relation to those of D>3 gauged supergravitie
On stringy AdS5 × S5 and higher spin holography
No full textWe derive the spectrum of Kaluza-Klein descendants of string excitations on AdS5 × S5. String states are organized in long multiplets of the AdS supergroup SU(2,2|4) with a rich pattern of shortenings at the higher spin enhancement point λ = 0. The string states holographically dual to the higher spin currents of SYM theory in the strict zero coupling limit are identified together with the corresponding Goldstone particles responsible for the Higgsing of the higher spin symmetry at λ≠0. Exploiting higher spin symmetry we propose a very simple yet effective mass formula and establish a one-to-one correspondence between the complete spectrum of Δ0 ≤ 4 string states and relevant/marginal single-trace deformations in = 4 SYM theory at large N. To this end, we describe how to efficiently enumerate scaling operators in `free' YM theory, with the inclusion of fermionic `letters', by resorting to Polya theory. Comparison between the spectra of 1/4-BPS states is also presented. Finally, we discuss how to organize the spectrum of = 4 SYM theory in SU(2,2|4) supermultiplets by means of some kind of `Eratostene's sieve'
The maximal D = 5 supergravities
No full textThe general Lagrangian for maximal supergravity in five spacetime dimensions is presented with vector potentials in the 27 ¯ and tensor fields in the 27 representation of E 6 ( 6 ) . This novel tensor–vector system is subject to an intricate set of gauge transformations, describing 3 ( 27 − t ) massless helicity degrees of freedom for the vector fields and 3 t massive spin degrees of freedom for the tensor fields, where the (even) value of t depends on the gauging. The kinetic term of the tensor fields is accompanied by a unique Chern–Simons coupling which involves both vector and tensor fields. The Lagrangians are completely encoded in terms of the embedding tensor which defines the E 6 ( 6 ) subgroup that is gauged by the vectors. The embedding tensor is subject to two constraints which ensure the consistency of the combined vector–tensor gauge transformations and the supersymmetry of the full Lagrangian. This new formulation encompasses all possible gaugings
Vacua of Maximal Gauged D=3 Supergravities
No full textWe analyze the scalar potentials of maximal gauged three-dimensional supergravities which reveal a surprisingly rich structure. In contrast to maximal supergravities in dimensions D>3, all these theories admit a maximally supersymmetric (N=16) ground state with negative cosmological constant Lambda<0, except for the gauge group SO(4,4)^2, for which Lambda=0. We compute the mass spectra of bosonic and fermionic fluctuations around these vacua and identify the unitary irreducible representations of the relevant background (super)isometry groups to which they belong. In addition, we find several stationary points which are not maximally supersymmetric, and determine their complete mass spectra as well. In particular, we show that there are analogs of all stationary points found in higher dimensions, among them de Sitter vacua in the theories with noncompact gauge groups SO(5,3)^2 and SO(4,4)^2, as well as anti-de Sitter vacua in the compact gauged theory preserving 1/4 and 1/8 of the supersymmetries. All the dS vacua have tachyonic instabilities, whereas there do exist non-supersymmetric AdS vacua which are stable, again in contrast to the D>3 theories
Maximal supergravity from IIB flux compactifications
No full textUsing a recently proposed group-theoretical approach, we explore novel gaugings of maximal supergravity in four dimensions with gauge group embeddings that can be generated by fluxes of IIB string theory. The corresponding potentials are positive without stationary points. Some allow domain wall solutions which can be elevated to ten dimensions. Appropriate truncations describe type-IIB flux compactifications on T 6 orientifolds leading to non-maximal, four-dimensional, supergravities
In vitro Removal of Therapeutic Drugs with a Novel Adsorbent System
No full textBackground/Aim: Substances in the middle molecular weight range have been shown to play a significant pathogenetic role in as diverse disorders as end-stage renal disease and multiple organ failure. To overcome the limitations in the amount removed by hemofilters, new sorbents with a high biocompatibility are actively being developed. Furthermore, biocompatible sorbents by their nonspecific adsorptive behavior could have great impact on detoxification treatment in exogenous intoxications. We performed an in vitro evaluation of a newly developed highly biocompatible sorbent cartridge (Betasorb(R)), examining its adsorptive capacity concerning therapeutic drugs. Methods: Uremic blood spiked with a range of therapeutic drugs was recirculated for 2 h in an in vitro hemoperfusion circuit containing a Betasorb device for hemoperfusion. The drug concentrations before and after the passage of the cartridge were measured, and the total amount removed was calculated. Results: The sorbent showed effective removal of glycopeptide antibiotics, digoxin, theophylline, phenobarbital, phenytoin, carbamazepine, and valproic acid. Moderate removal could be demonstrated for tacrolimus and cyclosporine A; aminoglycosides were removed to a small extent only. Conclusions: Betasorb hemoperfusion shows a potent adsorptive capacity concerning therapeutic drugs (except aminoglycosides) and could be of major value in the treatment of intoxications. On the other hand, drug monitoring and possible adjustments are necessary during Betasorb hemoperfusion to maintain the therapeutic ranges of the drugs in blood. Copyright (C) 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel
- …
