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Il sito paleolitico di Ghiardo Cave: Industrie, Cronologia, ambiente
No full textVengono presentati i risultati degli studi archeologici, paleoambientali e geocronologici del sito paleolitico del Ghiardo (RE), scavato sistematicamente trent’anni fa.
Il sito consiste di manufatti in giacitura primaria, al contatto di sedimenti alluvionali ricoperti da coltri di loess, interessate da differenti e successivi cicli pedogenetici. Nuove ricerche paleoambientali e micromorfologiche permettono di collocare con maggiore precisione il sito nell’ambiente steppico stabilitosi nell’area durante l’ultima glaciazione. Datazioni TL su manufatti combusti in selce ed un programma di datazioni OSL, estese anche ad altre sezioni chiave per l’interpretazione della sedimentazione loessica nell’ambito del bacino padano, permettono di collocare la formazione del sito nel MIS 4.
Dal punto di vista funzionale il sito è costituito dalla sovrapposizione di diverse officine litiche, nelle quali venivano ridotti e trasformati in supporti le materie prime raccolte nelle vicinanze, ma non immediatamente in loco. Le catene operative individuate sono quasi esclusivamente di tipo Levallois. Relativamente limitate sono le testimonianze che permettono di identificare altri tipi di attività. Scarsi sono infatti gli strumenti ritoccati, in maggioranza raschiatoi, che suggeriscono la lavorazione di altri prodotti, prevalentemente in legno come sembra indicare anche l’analisi delle tracce d’uso.
Di particolare interesse l’esistenza di concentrazioni di blocchi in pietra non trasformati e importati in loco che potrebbero essere legati a strutture abitative. Una certa variabilità tra le diverse concentrazioni di reperti, sia dal punto di vista tipologico sia litologico (si consideri ad esempio la maggiore presenza di lutite nell’area dello scavo) sono un’ulteriore conferma della presenza di aree di attività distinte, generatesi in tempi successivi, anche se apparentemente caratterizzate da una certa uniformità funzionale ed insediativa. Ne è conferma il fatto che tra i materiali raccolti nella ricognizione intensiva e durante lo scavo sistematico non vi sono sostanziali differenze.
Le datazioni di cui oggi si dispone per il sito del Ghiardo pongono interessanti prospettive di correlazione con analoghe sezioni descritte lungo il margine del pedeappenninico emilano-romagnolo e marchigiano, nonché a sequenze loessiche distribuite nel settore settentrionale della Pianura Padana. Associati ai manufatti privi di tracce di rimaneggiamento postdeposizionale ve ne sono alcuni assai più usurati che potrebbero testimoniare fasi culturali più antiche
A late Quaternary loess-paleosols pedosedimentary sequence at Monte Netto (northern Italy): loess sedimentation, soil formation and tectonics in the central Po Plain.
No full textPaleoseismicity at the Monte Netto site (Southern Alps, N Italy): blind thrust activity deduced from secondary fold-related faults.
No full textIl sito Paleolitico di Cave del Ghiardo: industrie, cronologia, ambiente
No full textIl sito consiste di manufatti in giacitura primaria alla superficie di un suolo sepolto da loess successivamente pedogenizzato. Nuove ricerche paleoambientali e datazioni TL ed OSL permettono di collocare con maggiore precisione la frequentazione antropica nell’ambiente steppico stabilitosi nell’area durante l’ultima glaciazione, nel MIS4. Dal punto di vista funzionale il sito è costituito dalla sovrapposizione di diverse officine litiche, in un caso associate ad un focolare, nelle quali venivano ridotti e trasformati in supporti le materie prime raccolte nelle vicinanze, ma non immediatamente in loco. Le catene operative individuate sono quasi esclusivamente di tipo Levallois.
Relativamente limitate sono le testimonianze che permettono di identificare altri tipi di attività. Scarsi sono infatti gli strumenti ritoccati, in maggioranza raschiatoi. Di particolare interesse l’esistenza di concentrazioni di blocchi in pietra non trasformati e importati in loco, che potrebbero essere legati a strutture abitative. Il contesto stratigrafico e le datazioni radiometriche di cui oggi si dispone pongono l’industria litica, definibile come un Musteriano a rari elementi bifacciali, in una fase avanzata del Paleolitico medio ed offrono interessanti prospettive di correlazione con analoghi siti noti lungo il margine del Pedeappennino emilano-romagnolo e marchigiano ed al margine settentrionale della Pianura Padana.The Ghiardo site consists of lithic artefacts found in situ at the top of a paleosol buried by a weathered loess cover. Recent palaeoenvironmental research and TL and OSL dating suggest a sufficiently time-constrained period for human frequentation of the area, which occurred in a steppe environment during the last glacial phase (MIS4). From the functional point of view, the site shows the overlap of several lithic workshops, where raw materials
imported from nearby areas were processed; in one case a fireplace is preserved within the limits of a workshop. The chaînes opératoire belong to the Levallois tradition. Evidence for different activities is relatively scarce; few retouched tools (mostly scrapers) were found. Worthy of note are the finds of blocks of raw material, imported to the site but not processed; these could be connected with residential structures. The stratigraphic context and radiometric dating available up to now enable the attribution of the lithic assemblage to a Mousterian culture with rare bifacial items; it therefore belongs to an advanced phase of the middle Palaeolithic. The investigation at Ghiardo offers interesting perspectives on the Palaeolithic frequentation of the area, and the possibility of correlating our findings with coeval archaeological sites distributed along the Apennine foothill belt of the Emilia Romagna and Marche regions and the northern fringe of the Po Plain.Le site correspond à des épandages d’objets de pierre taillée découverts en position primaire à la surface d›un sol recouvert par une couche de loess altérée par la pédogenèse. De récentes datations TL et OSL ont permis d’attribuer la fréquentation paléolithique au stade isotopique MIS4, dans un environnement steppique remontant à la dernière glaciation. D’un point de vue fonctionnel, le site correspond à la superposition de plusieurs ateliers de tailles, associé dans un cas à un foyer, au sein desquels les matières premières, collectées à proximité du site, étaient débitées et transformées en supports. Les chaînes opératoires identifiées appartiennent presque exclusivement à la méthode Levallois. Les témoins archéologiques permettant d’identifier d’autres types d’activités sont en revanche relativement rares. Les outils retouchés, correspondant en majorité à des racloirs, sont en fait peu nombreux. Des concentrations de blocs de pierre importés pouvant être liées à des structures d’habitats présentent également un intérêt particulier. Le contexte stratigraphique et les datations placent l'industrie lithique, un Moustérien associé à de rares bifaces, dans un stade avancé du Paléolithique moyen et permettent de la corréler à d’autres sites paléolithiques similaires connus le long des marges de la vallée du Pô
The loess-paleosol sequence at Monte Netto : a record of climate change in the Upper Pleistocene of the central Po Plain, Northern Italy
No full textPurpose At the northern fringe of the Po Plain (northern Italy), several isolated hills exist, corresponding to the top of Late Quaternary anticlines. These hills were thoroughly surveyed for their soils and surficial geology, furnishing detailed archives of the palaeoenvironmental evolution of the area. A new, thick and complex loess-paleosol sequence, resting upon fluvial/fluvioglacial deposits, exposed in a quarry at the top of the Monte Netto hill was studied in detail to elucidate its significance. Materials and methods Highly deformed fluvial and fluvioglacial deposits, probably of Middle Pleistocene age, are exposed in a clay pit at Monte Netto, underneath a 2- to 4-m-thick loess-paleosol sequence. A geopedological, sedimentological and micropedological investigation of the sequence shows a distinctive difference between the B horizons forming the sequence, while luminescence and radiocarbon age determinations and the occurrence of Palaeolithic lithic assemblages elucidate the chronology of the sequence. Results and discussion The pedosedimentary sequence consists of several loess layers showing different degrees of alteration; loess deposition and weathering occurred, according to optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and AMS-14C dating as well as archaeological materials, during the Upper Pleistocene. The lower part of the section consists of strongly weathered colluvial sediments overlying fluvial and fluvioglacial sediments. A tentative model of the exposed profiles involves the burial of the anticline, which forms the core of the hill, by loess strata since Marine Isotopic Stage (MIS) 4 and their subsequent weathering (and truncation) during subsequent interstadials. The degree of weathering of buried B horizons increases from the top of the sequence toward the bottom, suggesting a progressive decrease in the intensity of pedogenesis. Finally, the highly rubified paleosol at the top of the hill is regarded as a buried polygenetic soil or a vetusol, developed near the surface since the Middle Pleistocene. Conclusions The palaeopedological, geochronological and geoarchaeological analyses permit to define the phases and steps of development of the Monte Netto pedosedimentary sequence; the lower part of the sequence is dated to the Mid-Pleistocene, whereas loess accumulation occurred between MIS 4 and MIS 2. Moreover, analyses help to clarify the climatic and environmental context of alternating glacial and interstadial phases, during which the sediments where deposited, deformed and weathered
Active fold growth constrained by a loess-paleosol sequence (Monte Netto, Southern Alps)
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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