184 research outputs found
Muon-spin-rotation studies of HoNi2B2C
No full textMuon-spin-rotation and relaxation studies on single-crystalline HoNi2B2C show two magnetic phase transitions at T-N1=6.0 K and at T-N2=5.0 K. While the low-temperature phase displays a commensurate antiferromagnetic structure, the higher-temperature phase exhibits an incommensurately sinusoidal modulation of the spin amplitude. The nature of the incommensurate state, along with the causes of the reentrant superconductivity near 5 K, are discussed.This article is published as Le, L. P., R. H. Heffner, J. D. Thompson, D. E. MacLaughlin, G. J. Nieuwenhuys, A. Amato, R. Feyerherm et al. "Muon-spin-rotation studies of Ho Ni 2 B 2 C." Physical Review B 53, no. 2 (1996): R510.
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevB.53.R510.
Copyright 1996 American Physical Society.
Posted with permission
mu(+) SR studies of magnetic properties of boron carbide superconductors
No full textPositive-muon spin relaxation (mu+SR) has been carried out in the recently discovered rare-earth boron carbide superconductors RNi2B2C, R = Ho, Er and Tm. For R = Ho and Er zero-field mu(+) SR measurements showed a well-defined internal field below the Neel temperatures of 5.5 K coexisting with the superconducting state down to 0.1 K. The observed temperature dependence of the order parameter for Ho is consistent with a 2-dimensional Ising model. For R = Tm a spontaneous internal field appears above 30 K, whose magnitude saturates below about 3 K at a value corresponding to a rare earth moment much smaller than for Ho and Er. Transverse-field mu(+) SR measurements in R = Tm showed a superconducting penetration depth lambda = 1200 angstrom. The temperature dependence of A is consistent with conventional s-wave pairing.This is a manuscript of an article published as Le, L. P., R. H. Heffner, G. J. Nieuwenhuys, P. C. Canfield, B. K. Cho, A. Amato, R. Feyerherm, F. N. Gygax, D. E. MacLaughlin, and A. Schenck. "μ+ SR studies of magnetic properties of boron carbide superconductors." Physica B: Condensed Matter 206 (1995): 552-554.
DOI: 10.1016/0921-4526(94)00516-X.
Copyright 1995 Elsevier B.V.
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).
Posted with permission
Carbohydrate Ingestion before Exercise for Individuals with McArdle Disease: Survey Evidence of Implementation and Perception in Real-World Settings
No full textIn individuals with McArdle disease (IWMD), the ingestion of carbohydrates before exercise has previously been shown in laboratory studies to significantly decrease the exercising symptoms of the condition and increase exercise tolerance during the early stages of exercise. As a result, carbohydrate ingestion pre-exercise is currently included in management guidelines, and often advised by medical professionals treating the condition. The aim of the current study was to determine whether positive lab-based results for the ingestion of carbohydrate before exercise in laboratory studies are being effectively translated into practice and produce perceptions of the same positive outcomes in real-world settings (RWS). An online survey method was used to collect responses from 108 IWMD. Data collected on the amount and type of carbohydrate consumed prior to exercise found that most surveyed participants (69.6%) who supplied qualitative data (n = 45) consumed less than the 37 g currently recommended in management guidelines. Survey data also revealed a large variation in the type and amount of carbohydrate ingested when IWMDs are applying carbohydrate ingestion before exercise in RWS. Consistent with these findings, only 17.5% of participants stated that they found carbohydrate ingestion before exercise relieved or minimised their MD symptoms. Results suggest that positive lab-based findings (increased exercise tolerance) of carbohydrate ingestion before exercise are not being effectively translated to RWS for many IWMD. There is a need for improved patient education of IWMD on the application of carbohydrate ingestion before exercise in RWS
Dietary interventions with dietitian involvement, in adults with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review
No full textBackground A comprehensive evidence base is needed to support recommendations for the dietetic management of adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The present study aimed to determine the effect of dietary interventions with dietitian involvement on nutritional status, well‐being, kidney risk factors and clinical outcomes in adults with CKD. Methods Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE.com were searched from January 2000 to November 2019. Intentional weight loss and single nutrient studies were excluded. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool. Effectiveness was summarised using the mean difference between groups for each outcome per study. Results Twelve controlled trials (1906 participants) were included. High fruit and vegetable intake, as well as a multidisciplinary hospital and community care programme, slowed the decline in glomerular filtration rate in adults with stage 3–4 CKD. Interventions addressing nutrition‐related barriers increased protein and energy intake in haemodialysis patients. A Mediterranean diet and a diet with high n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids improved the lipid profile in kidney transplant recipients. Conclusions A limited number of studies suggest benefits as a result of dietary interventions that are delivered by dietitians and focus on diet quality. We did not identify any studies that focussed on our primary outcome of nutritional status or studies that examined the timing or frequency of the nutritional assessment. This review emphasises the need for a wider body of high‐quality evidence to support recommendations on what and how dietetic interventions are delivered by dietitians for adults with CKD
Heart Rate Variability and Long Chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients on Haemodialysis: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study
No full textLow heart rate variability (HRV) is independently associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) and all cardiac death in haemodialysis patients. Long chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) may exert anti-arrhythmic effects. This study aimed to investigate relationships between dialysis, sleep and 24 h HRV and LC n-3 PUFA status in patients who have recently commenced haemodialysis. A cross-sectional study was conducted in adults aged 40–80 with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 (n = 45, mean age 58, SD 9, 20 females and 25 males, 39% with type 2 diabetes). Pre-dialysis blood samples were taken to measure erythrocyte and plasma fatty acid composition (wt % fatty acids). Mean erythrocyte omega-3 index was not associated with HRV following adjustment for age, BMI and use of β-blocker medication. Higher ratios of erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were associated with lower 24 h vagally-mediated beat-to-beat HRV parameters. Higher plasma EPA and docosapentaenoic acid (DPAn-3) were also associated with lower sleep-time and 24 h beat-to-beat variability. In contrast, higher plasma EPA was significantly related to higher overall and longer phase components of 24 h HRV. Further investigation is required to investigate whether patients commencing haemodialysis may have compromised conversion of EPA to DHA, which may impair vagally-mediated regulation of cardiac autonomic function, increasing risk of SCD
The HLA-E Gene encodes two differentially regulated Transcripts and a Cell Surface Protein
No full textAn HLA-E-specific oligonucleotide probe was used
to study the expressioonf HLA-E. This probed etects
two HLA-E transcripts, 1.8 and 2.7 kb in size, which
are present in varying ratios in allt issues and cell
lines investigated. We demonstrate that alternative
poly(A) site usage accounts for the differential regulation
of the two HLA-E mRNA species. Sequence
analysis of three cDNA clones, representing the two
transcripts of HLA-E, and of anH LA-E gene encoded
by cosmid cd3.14, revealed identity of gene and
cDNA in the 3’ untranslated region. S1 nuclease
protection assays confirmed that the two HLA-E
transcripts are not alternative splicing products.
Introduction of cd3.14, together with human ,&m
into the murine myeloma cell line P3X63-Ag8.653,
resulted in a cell surface expresosf ioan HLA-class
I heavy chain detectablbey indirect immunofluorescence
whereas transfection into the humBaznr n expressing
mouse L cell line, 527 was negative with
regard to cell surface expressionC. ell surface labeling
of transfectants and immunoprecipitation with
a monomorphic HLA class I-specific antibodyo r an
antibody against human &m confirmed the presence
of an HLA-E H chain on the cell surface. These
results indicate that the HLA-E gene codes for a
class I H chain that can be expressed on the cell
surface
Associations between diet composition, dietary pattern, and weight outcomes after bariatric surgery: a systematic review
No full textIntroduction: Literature describing the impact of dietary intake on weight outcomes after bariatric surgery has not been synthesized. This study aimed to synthesize the evidence regarding any association between diet composition and weight outcomes post-bariatric surgery. Methods: CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE and Scopus were searched for adult studies up to June 2021 that assessed any association between dietary intakes (≥1-macronutrient, food group, or dietary pattern) and weight outcomes at 12-months or longer after bariatric surgery. Risk of bias and quality assessments were conducted using the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network checklists and the NHMRC’s Level of Evidence and Grades for Recommendations. Study findings were presented according to the time of post-surgery dietary intake assessment (≤12months, between 12 and 24 months, ≥24months). Results: 5923 articles were identified, 260 were retrieved for full text screening, and 36 were eligible for inclusion (9 interventional including five randomized-controlled trials, and 27 observational cohort studies; sample sizes: 20–1610; total sample: 5065; follow-up periods: 1 year–12 years; level of evidence: II to IV, risk of bias: low to high). Findings on the association between long-term weight outcomes and dietary composition up to 24-months were mixed. After 24-months, studies consistently suggested no significant associations between weight loss and macronutrient composition or core food group patterns, or between carbohydrate, protein or food group patterns and weight recurrence. A single cohort study reported a weak association between diet quality score and weight-recurrence after 24-months. Conclusion: There was no strong evidence to support significant associations between diet composition and weight outcomes post-bariatric surgery. The heterogeneity in study design and quality may reduce generalizability to external populations. Individualized dietary recommendations may be useful to support long-term post-surgery weight outcomes. More studies are needed to define and measure diet quality in this patient cohort. Registration: PROSPERO (CRD42021264120)Full Tex
The recognition of the prosodic focus position in German-learning infants from 4 to 14 months
No full textThe aim of the present study was to elucidate in a study with 4-, 6-, 8-, and 14-month-old German-learning children, when and how they may acquire the regularities which underlie Focus-to-Stress Alignment (FSA) in the target language, that is, how prosody is associated with specific communicative functions. Our findings suggest, that 14-month-olds have already found out that German allows for variable focus positions, after having gone through a development which goes from a predominantly prosodically driven processing of the input to a processing where prosody interacts more and more with the growing lexical and syntactic knowledge of the child
Chern-flat and Ricci-flat invariant almost Hermitian structure
No full textWe study nilmanifolds endowed with a Chern connectio
Developmental and tissue-specific expression of the Q5k gene
No full textExpression of the Q5k gene was examined by
northern blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction
(PCR) in the AKR mouse and various cell lines, each of
the H-2k haplotype. Our results show that Q5k mRNA is
present during the whole postimplantational development
of the AKR embryo/fetus (gestation day 6 to 15). In the
juvenile mouse (week 2 to 4) transcription of the Q5k
gene persisted in all organs examined. In contrast, in the
adult animal expression of the Q5k gene was limited to
the thymus and uterus of the pregnant mouse. Upon malignant
transformation, the amount of Q5k-specific mRNA
increased dramatically in thymus and could also be
observed in the spleen of thymoma bearing animals. Expression
of the Q5k gene was also detectable in several
transformed mouse cell lines. Mitogen stimulation or
treatment with cytokines induced Q5k expression in
primary spleen cell cultures. A possible explanation for
the tissue-restricted expression in the adult AKR mouse
is discussed
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