286 research outputs found
Micro ion beam analysis for the erosion of beryllium marker tiles in a tokamak limiter
No full textBeryllium limiter marker tiles were exposed to plasma in the Joint European Torus to diagnose the erosion of main chamber wall materials. A limiter marker tile consists of a beryllium coating layer (7–9 μm) on the top of bulk beryllium, with a nickel interlayer (2–3 μm) between them. The thickness variation of the beryllium coating layer, after exposure to plasma, could indicate the erosion measured by ion beam analysis with backscattering spectrometry. However, interpretations from broad beam backscattering spectra were limited by the non-uniform surface structures. Therefore, micro-ion beam analysis (μ-IBA) with 3 MeV proton beam for Elastic backscattering spectrometry (EBS) and PIXE was used to scan samples. The spot size was in the range of 3–10 μm. Scanned areas were analysed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) as well. Combining results from μ-IBA and SEM, we obtained local spectra from carefully chosen areas on which the surface structures were relatively uniform. Local spectra suggested that the scanned area (≈600 μm × 1200 μm) contained regions with serious erosion with only 2–3 μm coating beryllium left, regions with intact marker tile, and droplets with 90% beryllium. The nonuniform erosion, droplets mainly formed by beryllium, and the possible mixture of beryllium and nickel were the major reasons that confused interpretation from broad beam EBS
Plasma wall interaction and energy fluxes in RFX
No full textThe graphite first wall of the Reversed Field Pinch (RFP) experiment RFX has been inspected after one year of operation. Arc tracks and thermal erosion have been observed in particular around the two poloidal gaps of the shell.
The ionization lengths calculated from the experimental edge profiles of electron temperature and density show that most of the carbon atoms released by thermal erosion, arcing and Radiation Enhanced Sublimation (RES) are locally redeposited, whereas physical sputtering, including self sputtering, results as the most important source of carbon impurity
Folkehelserapportens temautgave 2021. Folkehelsen etter covid-19. Pandemiens konsekvenser for ulike grupper i befolkningen
No full textCollection of mobile dust in the T2R reversed field pinch
No full textIntensive plasma-wall interactions in fusion devices result in the impurity production and the formation of films of redeposited material, debris and dust. In present day devices, with short pulses, the mobile dust does not pose any serious operational problems, but it is a matter of serious concern for ITER and for later power producing devices with a high duty cycle. We report results of a dust collection experiment carried out at the T2R reversed field pinch device and related heavy impurity flux measurements. Dust and impurities were collected on passive Si surface probes and on ultralow density silica aerogel collectors. The advantage of the latter method is the possibility of nondestructive capture of the micron- and submicron-sized dust particles. The toroidal and radial deposition fluxes of dust particles and impurities are estimated and discussed in the light of the dominant forces acting on the dust
Feedback stabilization of resistive wall modes in a reversed-field pinch
No full textAn array of saddle coils having Nc =16 equally spaced positions along the toroidal direction has been installed for feedback control of resistive wall modes (RWMs) on the EXTRAP T2R reversed-field pinch [P. R. Brunsell, H. Bergsaker, M. Cecconello, Plasma Phys. Controlled Fusion 43, 1457 (2001)]. Using feedback, multiple nonresonant RWMs are simultaneously suppressed for three to four wall times. Feedback stabilization of RWMs results in a significant prolongation of the discharge duration. This is linked to a better sustainment of the plasma and tearing mode toroidal rotation with feedback. Due to the limited number of coils in the toroidal direction, pairs of modes with toroidal mode numbers n, n′ that fulfill the condition ∫n- n′ ∫ = Nc are coupled by the feedback action from the discrete coil array. With only one unstable mode in a pair of coupled modes, the suppression of the unstable mode is successful. If two modes are unstable in a coupled pair, two possibilities exist: partial suppression of both modes or, alternatively, complete stabilization of one target mode while the other is left unstable.</p
A COMPARISON OF TRIM AND MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS IN CALCULATING THE BACKSCATTERING YIELD OF CARBON INCIDENT ON GRAPHITE
No full text
A COMPARISON OF TRIM AND MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS IN CALCULATING THE BACKSCATTERING YIELD OF CARBON INCIDENT ON GRAPHITE
No full text- …
