124,863 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Deriving probabilistic regional envelope curves with two pooling methods
No full textA probabilistic regional envelope curve (PREC) assigns a recurrence interval to a regional envelope curve.
A central point of this method is the determination of homogeneous regions according to the index flood
hypothesis. A flood discharge associated with the recurrence interval (PREC flood quantile) is estimated
for each gauge of a homogeneous region. In this study, the influence of two pooling methods on PREC for
a large group of catchments located in the south-east of Germany is investigated. Firstly, using cluster
analysis, fixed homogeneous regions are derived. Secondly, the Region of Influence (RoI) approach is combined
with PREC. The sensitivity of PREC flood quantiles with respect to pooling groups is evaluated. Different
candidate sets of catchment descriptors are used to derive pooling groups for both pooling
methods. Each pooling group is checked by a homogeneity test. PRECs are then constructed for all homogeneous
regions. The ensemble of PREC realisations reveals the sensitivity of the PREC flood quantiles. A
comparison with the traditional index flood method ascertains the suitability of the pooling methods. A
leave-one-out jackknifing procedure points out a similar performance of cluster analysis and RoI. Furthermore,
a comparison of different degrees of heterogeneity for deriving pooling groups reveals that the performance
of PREC for ungauged catchments decreases in more heterogeneous pooling groups
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Effects of intersite dependence of nested catchment structures on probabilistic regional envelope curves
No full textThis study analyses the intersite dependence of nested catchment structures by modelling cross-correlations for pairs of nested and unnested catchments separately. Probabilistic regional envelope curves are utilised to derive regional flood quantiles for 89 catchments located in Saxony, in the Southeast of Germany. The study area has a nested structure and the intersite correlation is much stronger for nested pairs of catchments than for unnested ones. Pooling groups of sites (regions) are constructed based on several candidate sets of catchment descriptors using the Region of Influence method. Probabilistic regional envelope curves are derived on the basis of flood flows observed within the pooling groups. Their estimated recurrence intervals are based on the number of effective sample years of data (i.e. equivalent number of uncorrelated data). The evaluation of the effective sample years of data requires the modelling of intersite dependence. We perform this globally, using a cross-correlation function for the whole study area as well as by using two different cross-correlation functions, one for nested pairs and another for unnested pairs. In the majority of the cases, these two modelling approaches yield significantly different estimates for the effective sample years of data, and therefore also for the recurrence intervals. The reduction of the recurrence interval when using two different cross-correlation functions is larger for larger pooling groups and for pooling groups with a higher fraction of nested catchments. A separation into nested and unnested pairs of catchments gives a more realistic representation of the characteristic river network structure and improves the estimation of regional information content. Hence, applying two different cross-correlation functions is recommended
An Investigation of Competitive and Non-competitive Framing Effects: Interpreting the Relationship Between Elite Rhetoric and Support for Preventive War
No full textABSTRACT AN INVESTIGATION OF COMPETITIVE AND NON-COMPETITIVE FRAMING EFFECTS: INTERPRETING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ELITE RHETORIC AND SUPPORT FOR PREVENTIVE WAR by Jeffrey Guse The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Under the Supervision of Professor Steven B. Redd This dissertation examines how competitive and non-competitive framing environments influence public opinion towards the use of preventive force. I attempt to develop a theory that helps to explain which factors are responsible for influencing public opinion for those who possess strong predispositions towards or against the use of force in contrast to those who possess weak predispositions towards or against the use of force. I test predictions based on my theory in two empirical chapters: a media content analysis and a laboratory experiment. The media content analysis allows me to test whether there is a significant difference between those who are exposed to non-competitive and competitive framing environments from those who are not exposed to them. The experimental chapter will allow me to test how framing effects work, in particular whether or not those who possess strong predispositions are likely to be influenced by frames that correspond to preconceived values and whether those who possess weak predispositions are likely to be influence by frames based on the credibility of the source. In addition, this chapter will examine how these factors hold in both competitive and non-competitive framing environments
Comparative analysis of scalar upper tail indicators
No full textDifferent upper tail indicators exist to characterize heavy tail phenomena, but no comparative study has been carried out so far. We evaluate the shape parameter (GEV), obesity index, Gini index and upper tail ratio (UTR) against a novel benchmark of tail heaviness–the surprise factor. Sensitivity analyses to sample size and changes in scale-to-location ratio are carried out in bootstrap experiments. The UTR replicates the surprise factor best but is most uncertain and only comparable between records of similar length. For samples with symmetric Lorenz curves, shape parameter, obesity and Gini indices provide consistent indications. For asymmetric Lorenz curves, however, the first two tend to overestimate, whereas Gini index tends to underestimate tail heaviness. We suggest the use of a combination of shape parameter, obesity and Gini index to characterize tail heaviness. These indicators should be supported with calculation of the Lorenz asymmetry coefficients and interpreted with caution
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Dr. Edwin Wright Collection: Author Unknown
No full textNotes - The author relates several short stories about his neighbours including Alex McDonell, homesteading and life around Meanook and Athabasca (1 page
- …
