149,840 research outputs found
Carta d' H. Gupta a Ferran Sunyer
No full textCarta d'H. Gupta, on diu que Pawan Kumar Kamthan ha sol·licitat un treball com a lector en matemàtiques i que ha donat el seu nom com a referent. Li demana un informe confidencial de la seva activitat acadèmica
Corrigendum: Capital Inflows and House Prices: Aggregate and Regional Evidence from China
No full textIn the paper ‘Capital Inflows and House Prices: Aggregate and Regional Evidence from China’ by H. An, et al., printed in the December 2016 issue, there was a missing acknowledgement section for funding resources.
On page 451, the acknowledgement section should appear after the corresponding information as:
“Correspondence: Rakesh Gupta, Department of Accounting, Finance and Economics, Griffith Business School, Griffith University, Nathan Campus QLD 4111. [email protected]
*This work was financially supported by the Humanities and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (16YJA790001).”
The author apologises for this error and any confusion it may have caused.No Full Tex
Epinephelus cameronii Gupta 1963, n
No full textEucreadium cameronii Gupta 1963 Synonyms: Hamacreadium manteri Gupta & Kumari, 1974 n . syn. Records. From Securicula gora (Hamilton) [as Chela gora (Hamilton)] (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India by Gupta (1963). From S. gora [as Chela gora] from Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India by Gupta & Govind (1983). From the large razorbelly minnow, Salmophasia bacaila (Hamilton) [as Chela bacaila (Hamilton)] (Cyprinidae) and Se. gora [as Chela gora] from Ludhiana and Rupnagar, Punjab, India by Gupta & Kumari (1974) as H. manteri. Remarks. The specimens described by Gupta & Kumari (1974) clearly do not belong in Hamacreadium because the genital pore is medial, the ovary is entire, the vitelline field reaches to the oral sucker and the hosts are freshwater fishes. The oral and ventral suckers are also of similar size, suggesting a species of Eucreadium, three species of which have been proposed from cyprinids in India: E. cameronii, Eucreadium hemlatae Gupta & Govind, 1983 and Eucreadium jhingrani Srivistava & Singh, 1967. The description of Gupta & Kumari (1974) is indistinguishable from E. cameronii and so H. manteri is synonymised with that species here.Published as part of Martin, Storm B., Cutmore, Scott C., Ward, Selina & Cribb, Thomas H., 2017, An updated concept and revised composition for Hamacreadium Linton, 1910 (Opecoelidae: Plagioporinae) clarifies a previously obscured pattern of host-specificity among species, pp. 151-187 in Zootaxa 4254 (2) on page 174, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/54586
Carta de Ferran Sunyer a H. Gupta
No full textCarta dirigida al professor H. Gupta de l'Índia, on li parla de les qualitats del doctor Pawan Kumar Kamthan i de les seves publicacions a revistes espanyoles de matemàtiques
Neolebouria krusadaiensis (Gupta, 1956) Gibson 1976
No full textNeolebouria krusadaiensis (Gupta, 1956) Gibson, 1976 Synonyms: Hamacreadium krusadaiensis Gupta, 1956; Plagioporus krusadaiensis (Gupta, 1956) Yamaguti, 1971. Records. From an unidentified “marine catfish” in the Gulf of Mannar by Gupta (1956) as H. krusadaiensis. From Lethrinus nebulosus [as L. frenatus Valenciennes] in the Gulf of Mannar by Hafeezullah (1971) as H. krusadaiensis. Remarks. This species was described from a single specimen. It is small and has a pre-bifurcal genital pore and a tri-lobed ovary. It therefore fits neatly into the concept of Neolebouria and has been recognised in that genus by Gibson (1976), Aken'Ova & Cribb (2001) and Dronen et al. (2014). The description provided by Hafeezullah (1971) agrees closely with the original. Neither described the excretory vesicle.Published as part of Martin, Storm B., Cutmore, Scott C., Ward, Selina & Cribb, Thomas H., 2017, An updated concept and revised composition for Hamacreadium Linton, 1910 (Opecoelidae: Plagioporinae) clarifies a previously obscured pattern of host-specificity among species, pp. 151-187 in Zootaxa 4254 (2) on pages 175-176, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/54586
Haematotrephus lobivanelli Gupta 1958
No full textH. lobivanelli Gupta, 1958 Type host. Red - wattled lapwing, Vanellus indicus (Boddaert) (Syn. Lobivanellus indicus [Boddaert]) (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae). Type locality. Hoshiarpur District, Punjab, India. Remarks. Although originally described as Haematotrephus (Haematotrephus) lobivanelli Gupta, 1958, this species was considered to be a synonym of Cyclocoelum (H.) vanelli (Rudolphi, 1819) (= Uvitellina vanelli [Rudolphi, 1819]) by Dubois (1965). Rudimentary oral sucker present—Gupta (1958).Published as part of Dronen, Norman O. & Blend, Charles K., 2015, Updated keys to the genera in the subfamilies of Cyclocoelidae Stossich, 1902, including a reconsideration of species assignments, species keys and the proposal of a new genus in Szidatitreminae Dronen, 2007, pp. 1-100 in Zootaxa 4053 (1) on page 56, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4053.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/23711
Nivelen luu-rustorajapinnan mikrometritason kudosmuutoksien tutkiminen nivelrikon eri vaiheissa
No full textAbstractOsteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that causes disability in the adult population. While the etiology and pathogenesis of OA remain unclear, it is now commonly accepted that the entire joint is affected by OA. The deep zone of hyaline articular cartilage, calcified cartilage, and cortical subchondral bone plate form the osteochondral junction that is specially adapted to transferring loads during weight-bearing and joint motion. Although the OA-related changes in articular cartilage and subchondral trabecular bone have been extensively studied, the changes in the osteochondral junction, especially in the calcified cartilage, remain under explored.Calcified cartilage is a relatively thin tissue layer and has a similar mineral phase to the underlying bone. Hence, it is a major challenge to quantitively study calcified cartilage separately from the whole osteochondral junction, due to the limitations in spatial resolution and the contrast of current microscopic imaging modalities. Therefore, this doctoral dissertation aims to study the biochemical composition, mineral crystal structure, micromechanical and structural properties of calcified cartilage, and the subchondral bone plate in healthy and osteoarthritic knee joints in vitro.Raman microspectroscopy was used to investigate biochemical composition from unfixed and fully hydrated human osteochondral specimens. State-of-the-art micro-focus small-angle X-ray scattering (μSAXS) measurements were performed to map the mineral crystal thickness across the junction. Finally, a bovine patella model was utilized to explore the micromechanical changes in the junction as a function of degeneration and associate these changes with site-specific microstructure.Results show that calcified cartilage had a higher degree of mineralization, with thicker mineral crystals having greater stoichiometric perfection in a proteoglycan-rich matrix than underlying bone. The alterations in the degree of mineralization, type-B carbonate substitutions, mineral crystal thickness, tissue stiffness, and microstructure in both calcified cartilage and subchondral bone plate were observed during OA development. Some of these changes were found to occur at the very early stages of OA. In conclusion, this study shows that both mineralized tissues at the osteochondral junction undergo marked alterations during the evolution of OA, contributing to our current understanding of OA.Original papersOriginal papers are not included in the electronic version of the dissertation.Das Gupta, S., Finnilä, M. A. J., Karhula, S. S., Kauppinen, S., Joukainen, A., Kröger, H., Korhonen, R. K., Thambyah, A., Rieppo, L., & Saarakkala, S. (2020). Raman microspectroscopic analysis of the tissue-specific composition of the human osteochondral junction in osteoarthritis: A pilot study. Acta Biomaterialia, 106, 145–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2020.02.020Self-archived versionFinnilä, M. A. J., Das Gupta, S., Turunen, M. J., Kestilä, I., Turkiewicz, A., Lutz-Bueno, V., Folkesson, E., Holler, M., Ali, N., Hughes, V., Isaksson, H., Tjörnstrand, J., Önnerfjord, P., Guizar-Sicairos, M., Saarakkala, S., & Englund, M. (2021). Mineral crystal thickness in calcified cartilage and subchondral bone in healthy and osteoarthritic knees. BioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.15.448181Das Gupta, S., Finnilä, M. A. J., Rieppo, L., Turunen, M. J., Kestilä, I., Lutz-Bueno, V., Folkesson, E., Ali, N., Hughes, V., Isaksson, H., Tjörnstrand, J., Önnerfjord, P., Turkiewicz, A., Englund, M., & Saarakkala, S. (2021). Mineral composition of calcified cartilage and subchondral bone plate in humans with and without knee osteoarthritis. Manuscript in preparation.Das Gupta, S., Workman, J., Finnilä, M. A. J., Saarakkala, S., & Thambyah, A. (2022). Subchondral bone plate thickness is associated with micromechanical and microstructural changes in the bovine patella osteochondral junction with different levels of cartilage degeneration. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 129, 105158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105158Self-archived versionTiivistelmäNivelrikko on aikuisväestön yleisin invalidoiva nivelsairaus. Nivelrikon tarkkaa syntytapaa ei edelleenkään tiedetä, mutta nykyisin on yleisesti hyväksytty, että nivelrikko vaikuttaa kaikkiin nivelen kudoksiin. Nivelessä sijaitseva luu-rustorajapinta muodostuu hyaliiniruston pohjakerroksen, kalkkeutuneen ruston ja rustonalaisen luun yhdistelmästä. Luu-rustorajapinnan rooli on välittää mekaanista kuormitusta rustosta luuhun nivelen liikkuessa. Nivelruston ja sen alaisen luun kudosmuutoksia nivelrikon eri vaiheissa on tutkittu laajasti, mutta luu-rustorajapinnan — erityisesti kalkkeutuneen ruston — kudosmuutoksia nivelrikon aikana on tutkittu vain vähän.Kalkkeutunut rusto on ohut kudoskerros, jossa on myös mineraalifaasi samoin kuin alla olevassa luukudoksessa. Tämä tekee kalkkeutuneen ruston kvantitatiivisesta tutkimisesta hankalaa, koska luun ja kalkkeutuneen ruston erottaminen on vaikeaa mikroskooppisten kuvantamismenetelmien rajoittuneen kontrastin ja erotuskyvyn vuoksi. Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkittiin nivelrikkoisen ja terveen kalkkeutuneen ruston biokemiallista koostumusta, mikrorakennetta sekä mikromekaanisia ominaisuuksia.Ihmisestä saatuja tuoreita ja käsittelemättömiä luu-rustonäytteitä tutkittiin aluksi Raman-mikroskopialla, jonka perusteella kartoitettiin niiden biokemiallista koostumusta eri kohdissa kudosta. Mineraalikristalleja analysoitiin pienkulmaröntgensironnan avulla, jolla pystyttiin kartoittamaan kristallien paksuutta koko luu-rustorajapinnan alueelta. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin myös naudan polvilumpiosta otettuja näytteitä, joiden avulla tutkittiin luu-rustorajapinnan mikromekaanisia muutoksia nivelrikon eri kehitysvaiheissa. Lisäksi tutkittiin mikromekaanisten muutoksien ja mikrorakenteen muutoksien välistä yhteyttä toisiinsa.Tulokset osoittavat, että kalkkeutuneessa rustossa on luuhun verrattuna korkeampi mineralisoitumisen aste, paksummat ja stoikiometrisesti täydellisemmät mineraalikristallit, sekä suurempi proteoglykaanipitoisuus. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa havaittiin selkeitä muutoksia mineralisaation määrässä, tyypin B karbonaattisubstituutiossa, mineraalikristallien paksuudessa, kudoksen jäykkyydessä sekä mikrorakenteessa nivelrikon kehittyessä. Osa muutoksista havaittiin hyvin varhaisessa nivelrikon kehitysvaiheessa. Tässä väitöskirjassa saatiin tärkeää uutta tietoa siitä, että luu-rustorajapinnnassa tapahtuu merkittäviä muutoksia nivelrikon kehittyessä. Tämä lisää nykyistä tietämystämme nivelrikon etiologiasta.OsajulkaisutOsajulkaisut eivät sisälly väitöskirjan elektroniseen versioon.Das Gupta, S., Finnilä, M. A. J., Karhula, S. S., Kauppinen, S., Joukainen, A., Kröger, H., Korhonen, R. K., Thambyah, A., Rieppo, L., & Saarakkala, S. (2020). Raman microspectroscopic analysis of the tissue-specific composition of the human osteochondral junction in osteoarthritis: A pilot study. Acta Biomaterialia, 106, 145–155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2020.02.020Rinnakkaistallennettu versioFinnilä, M. A. J., Das Gupta, S., Turunen, M. J., Kestilä, I., Turkiewicz, A., Lutz-Bueno, V., Folkesson, E., Holler, M., Ali, N., Hughes, V., Isaksson, H., Tjörnstrand, J., Önnerfjord, P., Guizar-Sicairos, M., Saarakkala, S., & Englund, M. (2021). Mineral crystal thickness in calcified cartilage and subchondral bone in healthy and osteoarthritic knees. BioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.15.448181Das Gupta, S., Finnilä, M. A. J., Rieppo, L., Turunen, M. J., Kestilä, I., Lutz-Bueno, V., Folkesson, E., Ali, N., Hughes, V., Isaksson, H., Tjörnstrand, J., Önnerfjord, P., Turkiewicz, A., Englund, M., & Saarakkala, S. (2021). Mineral composition of calcified cartilage and subchondral bone plate in humans with and without knee osteoarthritis. Manuscript in preparation.Das Gupta, S., Workman, J., Finnilä, M. A. J., Saarakkala, S., & Thambyah, A. (2022). Subchondral bone plate thickness is associated with micromechanical and microstructural changes in the bovine patella osteochondral junction with different levels of cartilage degeneration. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 129, 105158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105158Rinnakkaistallennettu versioAcademic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Health and Biosciences of the University of Oulu for public defence in the Markku Larmas auditorium (H1091) in Dentopolis, on 12 August 2022, at 12 noonAbstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease that causes disability in the adult population. While the etiology and pathogenesis of OA remain unclear, it is now commonly accepted that the entire joint is affected by OA. The deep zone of hyaline articular cartilage, calcified cartilage, and cortical subchondral bone plate form the osteochondral junction that is specially adapted to transferring loads during weight-bearing and joint motion. Although the OA-related changes in articular cartilage and subchondral trabecular bone have been extensively studied, the changes in the osteochondral junction, especially in the calcified cartilage, remain under explored.
Calcified cartilage is a relatively thin tissue layer and has a similar mineral phase to the underlying bone. Hence, it is a major challenge to quantitively study calcified cartilage separately from the whole osteochondral junction, due to the limitations in spatial resolution and the contrast of current microscopic imaging modalities. Therefore, this doctoral dissertation aims to study the biochemical composition, mineral crystal structure, micromechanical and structural properties of calcified cartilage, and the subchondral bone plate in healthy and osteoarthritic knee joints in vitro.
Raman microspectroscopy was used to investigate biochemical composition from unfixed and fully hydrated human osteochondral specimens. State-of-the-art micro-focus small-angle X-ray scattering (μSAXS) measurements were performed to map the mineral crystal thickness across the junction. Finally, a bovine patella model was utilized to explore the micromechanical changes in the junction as a function of degeneration and associate these changes with site-specific microstructure.
Results show that calcified cartilage had a higher degree of mineralization, with thicker mineral crystals having greater stoichiometric perfection in a proteoglycan-rich matrix than underlying bone. The alterations in the degree of mineralization, type-B carbonate substitutions, mineral crystal thickness, tissue stiffness, and microstructure in both calcified cartilage and subchondral bone plate were observed during OA development. Some of these changes were found to occur at the very early stages of OA. In conclusion, this study shows that both mineralized tissues at the osteochondral junction undergo marked alterations during the evolution of OA, contributing to our current understanding of OA.Tiivistelmä
Nivelrikko on aikuisväestön yleisin invalidoiva nivelsairaus. Nivelrikon tarkkaa syntytapaa ei edelleenkään tiedetä, mutta nykyisin on yleisesti hyväksytty, että nivelrikko vaikuttaa kaikkiin nivelen kudoksiin. Nivelessä sijaitseva luu-rustorajapinta muodostuu hyaliiniruston pohjakerroksen, kalkkeutuneen ruston ja rustonalaisen luun yhdistelmästä. Luu-rustorajapinnan rooli on välittää mekaanista kuormitusta rustosta luuhun nivelen liikkuessa. Nivelruston ja sen alaisen luun kudosmuutoksia nivelrikon eri vaiheissa on tutkittu laajasti, mutta luu-rustorajapinnan — erityisesti kalkkeutuneen ruston — kudosmuutoksia nivelrikon aikana on tutkittu vain vähän.
Kalkkeutunut rusto on ohut kudoskerros, jossa on myös mineraalifaasi samoin kuin alla olevassa luukudoksessa. Tämä tekee kalkkeutuneen ruston kvantitatiivisesta tutkimisesta hankalaa, koska luun ja kalkkeutuneen ruston erottaminen on vaikeaa mikroskooppisten kuvantamismenetelmien rajoittuneen kontrastin ja erotuskyvyn vuoksi. Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkittiin nivelrikkoisen ja terveen kalkkeutuneen ruston biokemiallista koostumusta, mikrorakennetta sekä mikromekaanisia ominaisuuksia.
Ihmisestä saatuja tuoreita ja käsittelemättömiä luu-rustonäytteitä tutkittiin aluksi Raman-mikroskopialla, jonka perusteella kartoitettiin niiden biokemiallista koostumusta eri kohdissa kudosta. Mineraalikristalleja analysoitiin pienkulmaröntgensironnan avulla, jolla pystyttiin kartoittamaan kristallien paksuutta koko luu-rustorajapinnan alueelta. Tutkimuksessa käytettiin myös naudan polvilumpiosta otettuja näytteitä, joiden avulla tutkittiin luu-rustorajapinnan mikromekaanisia muutoksia nivelrikon eri kehitysvaiheissa. Lisäksi tutkittiin mikromekaanisten muutoksien ja mikrorakenteen muutoksien välistä yhteyttä toisiinsa.
Tulokset osoittavat, että kalkkeutuneessa rustossa on luuhun verrattuna korkeampi mineralisoitumisen aste, paksummat ja stoikiometrisesti täydellisemmät mineraalikristallit, sekä suurempi proteoglykaanipitoisuus. Lisäksi tutkimuksessa havaittiin selkeitä muutoksia mineralisaation määrässä, tyypin B karbonaattisubstituutiossa, mineraalikristallien paksuudessa, kudoksen jäykkyydessä sekä mikrorakenteessa nivelrikon kehittyessä. Osa muutoksista havaittiin hyvin varhaisessa nivelrikon kehitysvaiheessa. Tässä väitöskirjassa saatiin tärkeää uutta tietoa siitä, että luu-rustorajapinnnassa tapahtuu merkittäviä muutoksia nivelrikon kehittyessä. Tämä lisää nykyistä tietämystämme nivelrikon etiologiasta
Use of collaborative technologies and knowledge sharing in co-locatedand distributed teams: Towards the 24-h knowledge factory
No full textThe relocation of knowledge work to emerging countries is leading to an increasing use of globally distributed teams (GDT) engaged in complex tasks. In the present study, we investigate a particular type of GDT working ‘around the clock’: the 24-h knowledge factory (Gupta, 2008). Adopting the productivity perspective on knowledge sharing (Haas and Hansen, 2005, 2007), we hypothesize how a 24-h knowledge factory and a co-located team will differ in technology use, knowledge sharing processes, and performance. We conducteda quasi-experiment in IBM, collecting both quantitative and qualitative data, over a period of 12 months, on a GDT and a co-located team. Both teams were composed of the same number of professionals, provided with the same technologies, engaged in similar tasks, and given similar deadlines. We found significant differences in their use of technologies and in knowledge sharing processes, but not in efficiency and quality of outcomes. We show how the co-located team and the GDT enacted a knowledge codification strategy and a personalization strategy, respectively; in each case grafting elements of the other strategy in order to attain both knowledge re-use and creativity. We conclude by discussing theoretical contributions to knowledge sharing and GDT literatures, and by highlighting managerial implications to those organizations interested in developing a fully functional 24-h knowledge factory
Hamacreadium indicum Gupta & Tewari 1984, incertae sedis
No full textHamacreadium indicum Gupta & Tewari, 1984 incertae sedis Records. One specimen from the dorab wolf-herring, Chirocentrus dorab (Forsskål) (Clupeiformes: Chirocentridae), in the Bay of Bengal, off Chennai, India by Gupta & Tewari (1984). Remarks. Bray & Cribb (1989) considered this species synonymous with H. mutabile, but the original description is lacking in detail and the host is unlikely. The digenean fauna of Chirocentrus dorab from Indian waters is well studied (see Madhavi 2011) and includes several opecoelids, but none consistent with the description by Gupta & Tewari (1984). There is no indication that it is not an opecoelid, but it does not convincingly represent a species of Hamacreadium, nor can it adequately be placed elsewhere; it is considered a species incertae sedis for the present.Published as part of Martin, Storm B., Cutmore, Scott C., Ward, Selina & Cribb, Thomas H., 2017, An updated concept and revised composition for Hamacreadium Linton, 1910 (Opecoelidae: Plagioporinae) clarifies a previously obscured pattern of host-specificity among species, pp. 151-187 in Zootaxa 4254 (2) on page 174, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4254.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/54586
Ergatettix subtruncatus Gupta, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textErgatettix subtruncatus sp. nov. (Fig. 1 A – M) Holotype. ♀, Chhattisgarh, Durg district, Badbhum Forest Rest House, 20 ° 14 ’ 19.7 ’’ N, 81 ° 59 ’ 49.8 ’’E, 440m a. s. l., 31.iii. 2014, coll. S.K. Gupta & party, Reg. No. 13863 /H 5. Paratypes ( 3 ♂ + 5 ♀), 1 ♂, Durg district; Badbhum Forest Rest House, 30.iii. 2014, Reg. No. 13869 /H 5; 1 ♀, Chhattisgarh, Bastar district, Kesarpal, 18.x.2011, 19° 23 ’ 38.7 ’’N, 81 ° 52 ’ 0.9 ’’E, 584m a.s.l. Reg. No. 13864 /H 5; 1 ♀, Mangrapara, 6.i. 2012, (1 ♀, DC); 19 ° 11 ’ 26.9 ’’N; 81 ° 59 ’ 27.1 ’’E, 572m a.s.l. coll. R. P. Gupta & party, Reg. No. 13865 /H 5; 1 ♂, Raipur district; Barnawapara WLS, Bafra, 10.i. 2012, (1 ♂, DC) 21 ° 24 ’ 235 ’’N; 82 ° 27 ’ 619 ’’E, 334m a.s.l., coll. S. K. Gupta & party, Reg. No. 13866 /H 5; 2 ♀, Bastar district, Metawada, 3.ii. 2012, (2 ♀, DC) 19 °08’ 27.4 ’’N, 82 °01’ 1.2 ’’E, 551m a.s.l., coll. R. P. Gupta & party, Reg. No. 13867 - 68 /H 5; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Durg district; Badbhum Forest Rest House, 31.iii.2014, 2 (1 ♂, 1 ♀, NC) coll. S. K. Gupta & party, Reg. No. 13870 - 71 /H 5. Description. Female (Fig. 1 A – K). Small sized. Whole body finely granulated, rugose. Head. In dorsal view, vertex is slightly low in the level of distal margin of the compound eyes (Fig. 1 B), in frontal view concave, indrawn from the level of the upper margin of the compound eyes. Median carina of the vertex indistinctly present in the distal 1 / 3 rd of the length of the vertex, elevated, with tubercles. Lateral carinae of the vertex present. Supraocular lobes absent. Vertex narrower than a compound eye (1.8 times). Median ocellus situated far below the level of the lower margin of the compound eyes, in the place where facial carinae end. Paired or lateral ocelli situated in the below middle of compound eyes. Frontal costa in lateral view slightly produced from the level of the distal margin of the compound eyes. Frontal costa bifurcates into facial carinae and starts at the level of upper margin of compound eyes, running parallel to the mediun ocelli and forming wide scutellum (Fig. 1 D). Antennal grooves situated far below the lateral ocelli, also below the lower margin of the compound eyes. Antennal groove wider than scutellum, scapus narrower than scutellum (2 times). Eyes in frontal view sub-globular, in lateral view subglobular with oval margin proximal to pronotum. In dorsal view eyes are irregularly elliptical. Eyes are not very close to the pronotum, so the occipital area is visible and evident. Antennae 15–16 segmented. length of middle segments 3.6 times its width, segment 1 is scapus, segment 2–4 are not long at all or 5 th to 9 th long. Segment 10 th – 11 th (12 th) are reduced. Pre-subapical antennal segments 2–6 are dark brown. 7 th– 9 th segment light brown, subapical and apical dark (Fig. 1 C). Pronotum. Pronotum granulated, slender. Anterior margin truncated, bearing small tubercles. Prozonal carinae, slightly distinct, and slightly run parallel, in the end of prozona curved in the direction of median carina. Humeral angles obtuse, rounded. Posterior margin of the lateral lobe of pronotum turned downwards, a little broadened, apex subtruncate (Fig. 1 F). Median carina anteriorly depressed, sinuated, slightly compresso-elevated between shoulders, undulate behind shoulders and hind process. Extralateral carinae fused to humero-apical carinae and forming slightly convex, obtuse, rounded angle. Humero-apical carinae obtuse angle. Interhumeral carinae present, weak. Pronotal disc bears variable number of small tubercles. Interscapular area narrower (2.5 times) than mid femora width. Lateral area wide than interscapular. Pronotum apex sub-truncated, posterior region of lateral carinae with variable bands and teeth compared to other species of the genus; posterior region of lateral carinae with 4 chocklate color band without teeth or crenulations and 4 yellow color bands with 4 large teeth on all bands. Wings. Tegmen long, oval apex rounded (Fig. 1 E). Alae developed, surpassing apex of hind femora and apex of the pronotum. Legs. Fore leg: femur 3.1 times as long as wide, upper and lower margins of fore femur straight, finely serrulate, compressed, femora and tibiae ornate with sparse hairs, the second tarsal segment 2 times longer than the first (Fig. 1 G). Mid leg: upper and lower margins of mid femur undulate, femur 6 times as long as its width, crenulated, ornate with sparse hairs, width of midfemur 1.8 times narrower than width of tegmina; the second tarsal segment 5 times longer than the first (Fig. 1 H). Hind leg: hind femur robust, 2.7 times as long as its width, upper and lower margins serrated, ornate with sparse hairs (Fig. 1 I), antigenicular denticles subacute; tibia with 6 outer spines and 5 inner spines; first tarsal segment 1.8 times longer than the third; tip of pulvilli I spinulate, straight, II spinulate but transverse produced, III slightly spinulate, transverse, subacute apex, pulvilli III a little shorter than length of pulvilli I and II together, pulvilli I, small (0.164), II, slightly longer (0.170) and III, more long (0.238) (Fig. 1 J). Abdominal apex. Subgenital plate in ventral view rectangular, dorsal ovipositor valves 3 times as long as height, with slender 8 saw-like teeth, between dorsal valves of ovipositor and ventral ovipositor valves presents a large series of spines (Fig. 1 K) ventral ovipositor valves 6 times as long as height, with slender 9 saw-like teeth presents. Epiproct in female as long as its width near the base, with pointed apex. Cerci small, with narrowly rounded apex. Coloration. Body color from brown-yellowish to dark brown, almost brownish. Pronotal disc usually colored in different (dark brown, whitish, reddish) two dark brown bands behind the shoulders, middle of shoulder a blackwhite spot, tegmen brownish, wings or alae blackish-brown, genicular lobe of hind femora dark chocklate colour. Fore and mid tibiae with two blackish brown hue, junction between 2 nd tarsal segment and claws of all legs with dark brown to black bands of apexes. Middle carina and lateral carina of pronotum anterior to posterior margin black and yellow bands. Hind process of pronotum 4 black large and 4 yellow bands. Hind femora with black maculation. Hind tibiae dirty yellow to brown with two black hue, 1 st and 3 rd hind tarsal segments dark yellow, 2 nd dark brown. Spine tips black. Antenna apical part dark blackish, the rest parts reddish brown, covered with white hairs. Male (Fig. 1 L – M) Head in dorsal view, vertex is slightly below the distal margin of the compound eyes, in frontal view slightly concave, indrawn from the level of the upper margin of the compound eyes. Median carina of vertex present on whole length of vertex and elevated in middle. Fossulae absent, lateral carinae of vertex in present. Supraocular lobes present. Vertex slightly narrower than a compound eye. Median ocellus situated above the level of lower margins of compound eyes. Frontal costa in lateral view slightly produced from level of the distal margin of compound eyes. Frontal costa bifurcates into facial carinae between the lateral ocelli and facial carinae run parallel to the median ocelli, forming scutellum. Antennal grooves situated below the lateral ocelli, below the lower margin of compound eyes. Antennal groove wider than scutellum. Eyes in frontal and lateral views subglobular. In dorsal view eyes are slightly elliptical. Eyes far away from the pronotum, so the occipital area is visible. Pronotum. Pronotum granulated, anterior margin truncated, prozonal carinae absent. Tegmina very small. Ventral sinus deep. Interhumeral carina slightly distinct. Apex of pronotum subtruncated, rounded, extra lateral carinae strong, interscapular area very small. Two lobes present. Posterior margin of lateral lobe of pronotum flattened and subtruncated. Tegmina oblong. Wings exteneded above pronotum apex. Legs. Fore legs: femur 4.9 times as long as wide. Upper and lower margin same as female. Hind femora robust 2.7 times as long as wide, upper margin slightly crenulated. Genicular teeth recognizable, antigenicular teeth visible. Ist tarsal segment 1.7 times longer than third. Abdominal apex. Subgenital plate in ventral view rectangular. Epiproct longer than its width, with pointed apex. Cerci very small with large hairs, apex stout and rounded. Measurements (all in mm). Female Body length (from the tip of the vertex to the end of the abdomen): 7.78; compound eye length: 0.648, width: 0.459; vertex length. 283; Head length 0.896; Scutellum width 0.169; Antenna length 2.290, Antenna groove length: 0.154; width: 0.166; Ist article or scapes of antenna length 0.130, IInd or Pedicle length: 0.65; IIIrd or Flagellum length: 0.134; mid segment length 0.258, width 0.072. Pronotum length: 9.33, width: 2.53. Fore leg: femur length: 1.24, width: 0.39; tibia length: 1.19, width: 0.179; tarsus length (by segments): I: 0.151, II: 0.33; claw length I: 0.226, II:. 119. Mid leg: femur length 1.43, width 0.239; tibial length 1.277, width 0.177; tarsus length: I: 0.111, II: 0.590; claws length I: 0.205, II: 0.147. Hind leg: femur length: 3.83, width: 1.43; tibia length: 3.22, width: 0.175; tarsus length: I: 0.670, II: 0.064, III: 0.370; pulvilli length: I: 0.161, II: 0.169, III: 0.250; claws length I: 0.88, II: 0.78. Wings: tegmen length: 1.46, width: 0.579; Alae length: 8.42; length between apex of pronotum to apex of alae: 1.149; Dorsal ovipositor valves length: 1.051, height: 0.334; ventral ovipositor valves length: 1.130, height: 0.176. Male Body length (from the tip of the vertex to the end of the abdomen): 6.00; compound eye length: 0.389, vertex length 0.316; Head length 0.850; Scutellum width 0.121; Antenna groove length: 0.151. Pronotum length: 7.99, width: 1.853. Fore leg: femur length: 1.06, width: 0.216; tibia length: 1.255, width: 0.113; tarsus length (by segments): I: 0.078, II: 0.52; claw length I: 0.181. Mid leg: femur length 1.239, width 0.450; tibial length 1.123, width 0.107; tarsus length: I: 0.104, II: 0.499; claws length I: 0.136. Hind leg: femur length: 3.33, width: 1.22; tibia length: 2.93, width: 0.164; tarsus length: I: 0.582, II: 0.172, III: 0.369; pulvilli length: I: 0.117, II: 0.169, III: 0.226; claws length I: 0.85. Wings: tegmen length: 1.15, width: 0.511; Alae length: 8.20; length between apex of pronotum to apex of alae: 1.22; subgenital plate length: 0.554; width: 0.28; Cerci length: 0.133. The new species Ergatettix subtruncatus sp. nov. is similar to Ergatettix callosus (Hancock, 1915). The major differences are listed in Table 1. Etymology. The name of the species given after the character of the pronotum apex subtruncate.Published as part of Gupta, Sunil Kumar, 2016, A new pygmy grasshopper species (Tetrigidae: Tetriginae) from Central India, pp. 280-286 in Zootaxa 4097 (2) on pages 282-285, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4097.2.10, http://zenodo.org/record/26411
- …
