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Attacking ELECTRA-Small: Universal Adversarial Triggers for Reading Comprehension
Get PDFNew question answering computer programs are pretty good at their job. They perform well when tested on certain datasets, like SQuAD (Rajpurkar et al., 2016) However, these datasets might not fully represent the challenges that come up in real-world situations where understanding what you're reading is important.Even the most advanced models can be affected by disruptions and adversarial text that is meant to decrease a model’s performance. In our paper, we gener- ate adversarial text examples to lower accuracy for the task of reading comprehension testing against the ELECTRA-Small model (Clark et al., 2020) trained on SQuAD. We suggest using a method called "beam search" to create what we call "universal triggers." We then test these triggers on different parts of the SQuAD dataset, with different vocabulary lists. The adversarial trig- gers produced by our beam search are able to effectively reduce a model’s accuracy on the SQuAD dataset by 33% for ’Why’ questions.Computer Scienc
Detecting and Forecasting Economic Regimes in Automated Exchanges
No full textWe present basic building blocks of an agent that can use observable market conditions to characterize the microeconomic conditions of the market and predict future market trends. The agent can use this information to make both tactical decisions such as pricing and strategic decisions such as product mix and production planning. We develop methods that can learn dominant market conditions, such as over-supply or scarcity, from historical data using computational methods to construct price density functions. We discuss how this knowledge can be used, together with real-time observable information, to identify the current dominant market condition and to forecast market changes over a planning horizon. We validate our methods by presenting experimental results in a case study, the Trading Agent Competition for Supply Chain Management.Ketter, Wolfgang; Collins, John; Gini, Maria; Gupta, Alok; Schrater, Paul. (2007). Detecting and Forecasting Economic Regimes in Automated Exchanges. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/215722
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Supplemental Material, DS_10.1177_0022242918812056 - Within-Seller and Buyer–Seller Network Structures and Key Account Profitability
No full textSupplemental Material, DS_10.1177_0022242918812056 for Within-Seller and Buyer–Seller Network Structures and Key Account Profitability by Aditya Gupta, Alok Kumar, Rajdeep Grewal, and Gary L. Lilien in Journal of Marketing</p
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Simulation of fatigue small crack growth in additive manufactured Ti–6Al–4V material
Get PDF© 2020, The Author(s). Additive manufacturing (AM) offers design freedom and ability to fabricate parts of complex shapes which are not often possible with the conventional methods of manufacturing. In an AM part, even with optimum build parameters, a complete elimination of defects is not possible and this makes it hard to fully deploy the AM technology to build load bearing parts operating under cyclic loading conditions. Many of these defects are < 1mm in size and are categorised as ‘small cracks’. Local interaction of cracks with microstructural features and closure effects at the wake of the crack tip are some of the factors which make the growth behaviour of small and long cracks different. A crack growth life prediction method, which effectively considers the small crack growth behaviour, has been discussed in this paper. This proposed method includes a detailed finite element-based crack growth simulation using the ANSYS SMART fracture technology. The lifing calculations utilise the modified NASGRO equation and small crack growth data which was obtained from the published long crack growth data, corrected for closure effects. The predicted stress versus number of cycles curves were compared against the fatigue test results for the AM specimens in Ti–6Al–4V material. A good correlation between the predictions and test results suggests that the proposed method can be used to assess the small crack growth life of AM parts where the fatigue effects of cyclic loading can be quite significant
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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