1,356,813 research outputs found
Precedent analysis in landscape architecture: In search of an analytical framework
No full textPrecedent analysis is the systematic analysis of plans that enables comparison between plan types as well as within a plan type. The goal is generic design knowledge that can be of use in day-to-day practice and theory development. The core issue in this paper is how the successful approach of precedent analysis in architecture developed by Guney, can be reworked to make it also applicable for landscape architecture. One of the first issues to be addressed, is how the dynamics of landscape architectural form and design can be integrated into the approach of precedent analysis. Design in landscape architecture being process oriented and at different levels of intervention, was the basis for an analytical framework. This analytical framework relates perception, analysis and intervention. One of the conclusions is that precedent analysis can form the bases for theory development as a body of coherent, generic and explicit design knowledge.UrbanismArchitectur
Synovial chondromatosis caused mechanical snapping elbow: a case report
No full textIbrahim Karaman,1 Ahmet Guney,1 Fatih Dogar,2 Mithat Oner,1 Okkes Bilal3 1Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Erciyes University Medical Faculty, 2Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Training and Research Hospital, Kayseri, 3Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kahramanmaras Sütçü Imam University Medical Faculty, Kahramanmaras, Turkey Abstract: Synovial chondromatosis is a rare and benign proliferative disorder of the synovial membrane in joints and bursae. Herein, we present the case of a 34-year-old male with synovial chondromatosis that caused limitation in the elbow joint in terms of mechanical function. Keywords: chondromatosis, elbow, loose bodies, mechanical bloc
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A cognitive approach to research and education
No full textWhat do we mean by research? How could we explain it in terms of a semantic network? Do we need to make research to learn? Is it necessary for our own education as a researcher? Does it make a substantial contribution to educating ourselves? Do researchers need teaching to improve their research. What kind of methods could we use for research and education? Can we use some methods for both? Teaching is inter-activating your knowledge to make other minds learn; interactive reaction of learners can trigger an unexpected association between what you know and also yield new questions on that matter. Such as instructing, publishing papers and books, conferences, discussion forums, public debates, etc. Research is going in depth with the subject matter at hand. It is accumulating knowledge about the issue at hand, and then representing it. Research requires description of the question at hand through a philosophical worldview and requires also methodologies beforehand. Nevertheless, research is, in a way, gaining specific knowledge about a specific case. Learning sorts are, among others, learning by discovery, analogy, research, design, instruction, being taught, experience, repeating, e-learning, etc. Nonetheless, you test/measure your research by a learners group, when it is relevant. You can use learners also as participants since it is more economical and efficient. Can we imagine research without education? Some researches are not directly relevant to education, for its being a specific matter outside of education, though the results also can be used as case examples for education. Eventually, education and research are inter-related. Nevertheless, they stimulate each other. Could education without research be fruitful, at all? We can imagine it somehow only for a learner in the case of didactic teaching, though it might be even better if there exists research about that matter. Nevertheless, for the rest there is always a relationship between research and education. Finally, the cognitive structure of education and research is interwoven. They cannot exist without each other, which supports issue-based learning that uses analogy which is a very creative cognitive attitude. Educators should exploit students’ entire capabilities. Creative education employs multiple mental skills.UrbanismArchitecture and The Built Environmen
A method for Precedent Analysis of Spatial Artefacts
No full textThis paper will treat two issues regarding innovative/ creative morphological analysis of spatial artifacts in relation to their Form, Operation and Performance. One will be about precedents and their usage in the design process, analogically; and second will be an example of a comparative (architectural) precedent analysis of two buildings of the same architect(office). Learning by analogy is a powerful method, in general. Analogy has two domains basically; one is source and the other is target domain; thus, design domain will be target domain and that of analysis, source. I will try to show how we can use the structured- analogical source knowledge in spatial design process; target domain. This paper will go in depth with the creative analogy in terms of constraints of similarity, structure, and purpose as (Holyoak and Thagard, 1996) put it. There will also be presented a schematic paradigm about creativity through analogical and other creative mental behaviors like: defamiliarization, circumscribing, mental leaps, metaphor, simile, mimesis and aesthetical judgment, etc. Each spatial artifact has a form, operation(working of the function; thus, not function alone) and a performance most of which is normative. Form will be analyzed and represented in terms of its spatial relationships, organizations, its physical properties(its structure, day- light quality, geometry, mass and abstraction of these properties as parti (dominant underlying characteristics of the artifact, in terms of form, at hand), and its topological(non-metric) properties; accessibility of its consisting building blocks and spaces. Operation will basically represent how spatial divisions and blocks possibly could be used best and see if their working of the function match with the actual ends of the artifact at hand. Performance will represent performative properties in relation to operation and form; how good/ bad it operates and also evaluating how the form is emerged in relation to its context, spatial quality and aesthetics. A schematic diagram of form, operation and performance can be shown like: F(m) – O – P. In the process of analysis we can observe whether the form will or will not afford operation, and operation performance; in design process, performance will ask for affordances from operation and operation from form(morph). This mutual working of design and analysis will be explained at some levels of design phases; concept, pre-parametric sketch, parti(pre-parametric design), parametric alternatives and; eventually the definitive design. Finally, the analysis of these two buildings will be compared with each other and a conclusion will be inferred, respectively.UrbanismArchitecture and The Built Environmen
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Selective pyrone functionalization: reductive alkylation of triacetic acid lactone
No full textThe one-pot reaction of aldehydes, triacetic acid lactone, and Hantzsch 1,4-dihydropyridine affords 3-alkyl pyrones via a reductive alkylation strategy.This is a manuscript of an article published as Kraus, George A., Kevin Basemann, and Tezcan Guney. "Selective pyrone functionalization: reductive alkylation of triacetic acid lactone." Tetrahedron Letters 56, no. 23 (2015): 3494-3496. 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.141. Posted with permission.</p
Issue-based research methods versus a single method for all subjects at hand
No full textAlong with the evolution, human kind has developed several methods to reach their goals. Many books and text are written to represent and express diverse ideas about this issue thanks to instinctive curiosity of mankind. These methods can vary from subjects to subjects. I will treat these above mentioned issue within this paper to exhibit an overview so that we can see all differences and resemblances. Besides this comparing of the research methods I will try to expose some research methods in relation to issue at hand since I believe these methods are partially case dependent besides their general resemblances. Methods should be based on creative approaches; they ought to be designed to satisfy some norms of performances. These norms must be well defined. When we want to make a research, it is useful to find out the cognitive structure of the objective. Human mind gains knowledge more effectively if he/she uses suitable methods. Subjects may assume this idea as a departure point to develop diverse ways to make research. This paper will explain the inseparable relationship between human cognition, method and research; since the combination of this trio is the keystone of gaining knowledge. Educators may have varying ideas about methods; yet, in my opinion, common sense would not allow them to think it is probable that one method should be used for all goals. Briefly, if the objectives which do not have characteristic likeness, they may require different research methods. Finally, I will add some experiential evident to clarify why domains matter concerning research methods in relation to their contents and also the present research methods in education by comparing them with their cognitive structures.UrbanismArchitecture and The Built Environmen
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The effects of top management team strategic cognition on corporate financial health and value: an interactive multi-dimensional approach
No full textThe upper echelons theory posits that the values, personalities, experience and education background of the top management team (TMT) affect both executives’ strategic cognition and corporate outcomes. Since TMT members differ in their cognitive structures, as also acknowledged by the presence of managerial biases and irrationalities in the behavioural finance theories, policy makers and scholars are saddled with the problem of identifying specific cognitive elements that can secure optimum organisational outcomes. Conceptual approaches or linear relationships between TMT strategic cognition (TMT-SC) and outcomes are unable to capture the complex interdependencies among TMT-SC, TMT attributes and performance. We propose and empirically test a dynamic multi-dimensional TMT-SC model. Using handpicked UK company panel data, we provide robust empirical evidence that extends our understanding of the theory. Our PLS-SEM analyses show that heterogeneity in TMT academic and professional qualifications, and work experience alone cannot provide optimal benefits to organisations. However, when they are combined with other TMT cognitive factors such as social networking, innovativeness and risk-taking levels, these aspects appear to improve firm value and financial health
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