323,008 research outputs found
Alexander Crum Brown: A Forgotten Pioneer in Vestibular Sciences
No full textAlthough vestibular anatomy was described in the Renaissance period, research in vestibular physiology began in the 1820s and was spearheaded by Purkinje and Flourens. This was subsequently expanded by Ménière, Helmholtz, Goltz, Mach, Breuer, Ewald, and Hogyes, who are regarded as the early pioneers in research on vestibular physiology in the 19th century. The relationship of endolymphatic flow and semicircular canal function is termed the Mach-Breuer hypothesis. What is less well known is that a Scottish chemist, Alexander Crum Brown, arrived at similar conclusions as Mach and Breuer at the same time quite independently. In fact, he pioneered several concepts in vestibular physiology that included pairing of semicircular canals for function, the vestibular pathway, optic fixation elimination in vestibular experimentation, the theory of motion intolerance, and study in deaf mutes for insights into vestibular pathology and vestibular compensation. This article is a tribute to this forgotten pioneer in vestibular research
Head-up tilt table testing with low dose sublingual isosorbide dinitrate in the evaluation of unexplained syncope: A comparison with isoproterenol infusion
No full textO Aslan, S Guneri, O Badak, et al. Head-up tilt table testing with low dose sublingual isosorbide dinitrate in the evaluation of unexplained syncope: A comparison with isoproterenol infusion
Van Gogh response Reply by Prof Dasgupta et al to YMEHY-D-22-00157 “Van Gogh, lateral tilt, and the El Greco fallacy”
No full textVincent Van Gogh and the elusive diagnosis of vestibular migraine
No full textVincent Van Gogh (1853–1890) was a creative genius and one of the greatest painters in history. He was a troubled soul plagued with an inner turmoil driven by his social, financial, personality and medical/psychiatric afflictions. His life has fascinated academic scholars of many disciplines who have researched extensively on his life and works. From his voluminous correspondences and contemporary medical records, his medical/psychiatric illnesses have been analysed in detail and several diagnostic formulations proposed. These include temporal lobe epilepsy, intermittent acute porphyria, Meniere's disease, lead poisoning, sexually transmitted diseases, terpene/absinthe/alcohol abuse, ophthalmological disorders in addition to chronic bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, personality and anxiety disorder and narcissism/neuroticism. We hypothesized a new diagnosis in the form of vestibular migraine for Van Gogh which is a migraine variant but distinct from the classical migraine variety. Our hypothesis is unique as it also considers that this condition due to its recognised associations with Van Gogh's proposed illnesses could have influenced his other conditions and thus offers a common unifying factor to explain his illness symptoms. We tested our hypothesis by individually analysing all of Van Gogh's correspondences in the original French and Dutch as well as English translations. Further, we considered the existing literature on Van Gogh's other illnesses and contemporary medical records. Van Gogh fulfilled all the criteria for vestibular migraine as formulated by Barany Society and International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD) 3 with episodic dizziness, present or past history of classical migraine, headache, photophobia, phonophobia and visual and position triggered vertigo with no other otologial cause to explain his symptoms (including Meniere's disease). Furthermore, it appears that vestibular migraine could have interacted with most of his other proposed illnesses. We also observed that this condition influenced his art following onset for example, in his use of colours and depiction of his subject matter with a consistent vertical tilt on the left. It is anticipated that our hypothesis will add a new dimension to the understanding of his illnesses and increase the awareness of the complex condition of vestibular migraine that to this day has limited awareness amongst the medical and general fraternity
Caloric stimulation of the labyrinth and some forgotten pioneers
No full textIntroduction: Understanding the physiology of the caloric stimulation of the vestibular end organ was a seminal discovery in the history of neurotology. Robert Barany has been traditionally credited with this (1906). However, well before Barany, three scientists observed, qualified and quantified a similar phenomenon with different explanations. They were Charles Edouard Brown Sequard (1858), A Bornhardt (1876) and Benno Baginsky (1881). Materials and methods: Articles with key words containing ‘caloric test’ and the ‘vestibular system’ were searched and studied from a historical perspective in scientific research repositories and journals on the history of medicine. Contemporaneous articles of the three scientists were analysed and inferences drawn. Results and discussion: Charles Edouard Brown Sequard noticed the caloric effect on the ear causing giddiness in 1853, A Bornhardt observed nystagmus on application of ice cold water/hot iron rod to the semicircular canals in 1876 and Benno Baginsky in 1881 identified the correct pressure/temperature on the external/middle ear to elicit a caloric response. They also stumbled across key observations of vestibular physiology which were later confirmed in the 20th century. Conclusions: This paper resurrects the works of these three forgotten pioneers and their contributions to our understanding of the physiology of the vestibular system
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
The pioneers of vestibular physiology in the 19th century
No full textIt was known from ancient times that vertigo was a malady, and the inner ears of animals contained an intricate network of structures named the labyrinth whose function was unknown. The flourishing of human vestibular anatomy in the Renaissance period still adhered to age old notions of traditional spiritual philosophy. In the post Renaissance period, when science was being redefined and challenging these traditional thoughts, vestibular physiology was born. Started by Flourens, it gathered momentum with Hogyes, Goltz, Breuer, Mach, Crum Brown, Ewald, Brown Sequard and Baginsky in the 19th century. They discovered the role of the vestibular organ in sensing balance and the fine intricacies of vestibular physiology valid to this day. Ménière shattered the concept of traditional aetiology of vertigo and de Cyon challenged the Kantian concept of space. The science catapulted to the modern century. This article traces the history of these pioneers of vestibular physiology
Cyclosporine Solid lipid nanoparticles: evaluation of in-vivo drug release in rabbit eyes
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