1,721,006 research outputs found
Dans l'ombre du Grand Genève: Etude de l'Essence, de l'Incidence et de l'Emergence de Freins à l'Usage des Transports Publics
No full textSituée entre France et Suisse, l’agglomération transfrontalière du Grand Genève est un territoire en prise avec de nombreux enjeux majeurs, parmi lesquels celui de la mobilité et, en particulier, de la mobilité quotidienne transfrontalière. À l’ombre des approches fonctionnalistes et essentialistes couramment proposées, des facteurs psychosociaux peuvent exister et participer des comportements de mobilité des habitants de l’agglomération. Basé aussi bien sur des méthodes quantitatives que qualitatives, ce travail de master cherche à rendre compte de l’essence, de l’incidence et de l’émergence de freins à l’usage des transports publics dans la perspective d’une vision d’ensemble de la situation de mobilité de l’agglomération. Fort des enseignements acquis, ce travail débouche sur la proposition de mesures visant à limiter de tels freins et ainsi favoriser l’usage des transports publics routiers du Grand Genève.GC-SLASU
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
L’immobilité comme privilège ? Trajectoires résidentielles et processus de tri socio-spatial dans le Grand Genève transfrontalier
No full textLASU
La mécanique sociale des mobilités. Enquête sur les inégalités de déplacements quotidiens dans trois espaces frontaliers européens.
No full textAt the crossroads of transportation engineering and urban sociology, the dissertation deciphers the interactions between daily mobility and social inequalities, what I call the "social mechanics of mobility". To do so, I draw on a twofold survey, both quantitative and qualitative, in three cross-border regions of the Schengen area. This original geographical configuration, characterized by the local convergence of multiple national structures, allows me to highlight sources of daily mobility inequalities. I use three methods to address them, each corresponding to a sociological research program on daily mobility. In the first place, I use multiple correspondence analysis to show that daily mobility practices are distributed within localized and hierarchical social spaces. In a second step, I operationalize the concept of disposition using latent variables to detect to role of "pro cross-border" opinions on commuting behaviors to the neighboring country. Finally, the literature on the politicization of daily mobility leads me to study, using interviews, a controversy around a highway infrastructure where two associations claim competing "best practices" of travelling.
These three steps allow me to define four mechanisms responsible for daily mobility inequalities. First, "impulse" describes the effect of past spatial mobilities on people's present relation to daily mobility. Second, "inertia" characterizes the weight of social structures influencing each individual's daily mobility. Third, "entropy" represents the relational process differentiating individuals' daily mobility within a social space. Fourth, "refraction" measures the change in relative value of people's ressources as they move between two geographic spaces separated by thresholds. Taken together, these mechanisms explain the social specialization of daily mobility observed within cross-border regions.
The dissertation first provides new insights to the field of Border Studies by showing how socially homogeneous spaces of circulation are formed under the combination of integration policies and border differentials. In replicating the "social mechanics of mobility", the dissertation then contributes to shed light on the intrinsic inequalities of daily mobility, in contrast to theories of the mobility turn. Finally, the dissertation opens up interdisciplinary methodological perspectives by combining elements of quantitative sociology, transportation studies and fieldwork.LASU
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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