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Critique of telic power
No full textÅsa Burman has recently introduced the important notion of telic power and differentiated it from deontic power in an attempt to build a bridge between ideal and non-ideal social ontology. We find Burman’s project promising but we argue that more is to be done to make it entirely successful. First, there is a palpable tension between Burman’s claim that telic power can be ontologically independent of deontic power and her examples, which suggests that these forms of power share the same basis. Second, it is not completely clear how telic power specifically helps non-ideal social ontologists explain oppression. We offer solutions to both problems. First, we argue that Burman’s arguments for the conclusion that telic power can exist without deontic power are unsuccessful. Burman contends that this is possible because some social roles involving telic power can exist independently of institutions as sets of constitutive rules, which are––in her opinion––the source of deontic power. Burman’s arguments are not persuasive because she disregards the plausible view that all social roles involve deontic power, whether or not they are institutional. Second, we argue that while the exercise of deontic power requires a collective recognition of the social roles of the interacting agents and, therefore, a recognition of the associated norms, the exercise of telic power does not require recognition of the relevant norms. This is why invoking telic power is particularly useful in explaining how oppression and injustice can arise. Lastly, we suggest that the relation between teleological normativity and the forms of telic power has not been fully clarified by Burman and requires a deeper analysis
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Agire congiunto e intenzionalità collettiva
No full textThe rise of the social world is mainly due to the ability of the humans to act together and cooperate with one another in order to achieve things they cannot achieve alone. The issue of the shared agency between human beings has become increasingly interesting for philosophers who have tried to address it thorough the analysis of the collective intentionality. Scholars generally agree that joint actions are actions done with shared intentions, thus joint intentions and shared intentions are intertwined. Moreover, the analysis of joint actions involves shared intention, as the latter are essential for the understanding coordination in joint action. In a first part my Thesis I considered the leadings philosophical accounts on collective intentionality in order to clarify the debate between the methodological individualism and the summative accounts of collective attitude ascription. Tough the collective intentions involved in joint action can sometimes take the forms proposed by philosophers, I am sceptical that the philosophical account can apply to all joint actions, because it requires too much cognitive sophistication. Though philosophical accounts have improved our understanding of joint agency, they have offered accounts on the joint action that appeal only to higher-level states (such as goals, commitments, and intentions) that are “collective” in some way. Philosophical accounts have rarely been subject to empirical testing. At the same time, the contribution of lower-level processes to social interaction has hardly been considered. This has led philosophers to postulate complex intentional structures that often seem to be beyond human cognitive ability in real-time social interactions—leading to a sort of ‘intention inflation. The psychological approach to the issue of the joint action claim that there are a number of lower-level cognitive phenomena that underlie such agency, such as perceptual processing, motor intentions, cognitive maps, categorization, and so on. Likewise, joint agency involves a number of lower-level phenomena, including joint attention and various alignment mechanisms. Without an understanding of these lower-level phenomena, philosophical theories will remain incomplete
How do we arbitrate between existing philosophical and psychological theories? What would help arbitrate between existing theories is if these theories could be operationalized in a way that would generate empirical results. To avoid this gap, I think it is useful to develop a minimalist account to joint action which do not assume that collective intentionality are necessary, or characterize shared intentions in a way that does not requires participants to have a background common knowledge of each other’s intentions or other mental states
Discursive Normativity and the Resources of Critical Selves
No full textIn Social Goodness, Charlotte Witt holds that any adequate account of social role
normativity must explain the resources available to critical selves. Her artisanal model
identifies two such resources: habituation, which engenders practical mastery along with
a habit of excellence, and an articulated grasp of the practice’s know-why. I argue that
these resources remain limited because the artisanal model under-theorises the linguistic
dimension of social normativity. I draw attention to three aspects of discursive
normativity that together show why language is indispensable for understanding critical
agency. First, articulating a norm is a practical intervention that places the norm itself at
issue through publicly attributable commitments. Second, linguistically articulated
reasons circulate across practices, introducing heterogeneous normative pressures that
local expertise alone cannot register. Third, performative speech acts institute roles and
deontic commitments independently of telic excellence. Taken together, these
dimensions show that discursive practices supply critical selves with resources that are
not exhausted by habituation or know-wh
Elementi, sensazioni e connessioni funzionali. La filosofia naturale di Ernst Mach.
No full textIl libro ricostruisce il monismo neutrale di Ernst Mach
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