27 research outputs found
Recommended from our members
TGF-beta and glucocorticoids regulate bone matrix mechanical properties and composition
No full text
Glucocorticoid‐Treated Mice Have Localized Changes in Trabecular Bone Material Properties and Osteocyte Lacunar Size That Are Not Observed in Placebo‐Treated or Estrogen‐Deficient Mice
No full textTissue-specific calibration of extracellular matrix material properties by transforming growth factor-beta and Runx2 in bone is required for hearing
No full textPublisher version: http://www.nature.com/embor/journal/v11/n10/full/embor2010135.htmlDA - 20100917 IS - 1469-3178 (Electronic) IS - 1469-221X (Linking) LA - ENG PT - JOURNAL ARTICLEDA - 20100917 IS - 1469-3178 (Electronic) IS - 1469-221X (Linking) LA - ENG PT - JOURNAL ARTICLEDA - 20100917 IS - 1469-3178 (Electronic) IS - 1469-221X (Linking) LA - ENG PT - JOURNAL ARTICLEPhysical cues, such as extracellular matrix stiffness, direct cell differentiation and support tissue-specific function. Perturbation of these cues underlies diverse pathologies, including osteoarthritis, cardiovascular disease and cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms that establish tissue-specific material properties and link them to healthy tissue function are unknown. We show that Runx2, a key lineage-specific transcription factor, regulates the material properties of bone matrix through the same transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta)-responsive pathway that controls osteoblast differentiation. Deregulated TGFbeta or Runx2 function compromises the distinctly hard cochlear bone matrix and causes hearing loss, as seen in human cleidocranial dysplasia. In Runx2(+/-) mice, inhibition of TGFbeta signalling rescues both the material properties of the defective matrix, and hearing. This study elucidates the unknown cause of hearing loss in cleidocranial dysplasia, and demonstrates that a molecular pathway controlling cell differentiation also defines material properties of extracellular matrix. Furthermore, our results suggest that the careful regulation of these properties is essential for healthy tissue functio
Reinventing biointegrated devices
No full textRoozbeh Ghaffari discusses silicon-based nanomaterials configured in flexible and stretchable formats, and their potential to rapidly transform the medical landscap
Ethnic Differences in Women’s Perception of Simulated Facial Aging over a 15-Year Horizon: A GAN-Based Model Approach
No full textThis study assessed the accuracy of a long-term AI-based projection of signs of facial aging and their acceptance by consumers. Standardized photographs of 25 Chinese and 25 French women were first taken at T0 and graded using ethnic-specific skin aging atlases. An AI-based algorithm then aged the photographs by 10 (T10) and 15 (T15) years. A total of 246 women from China, France, and Thailand compared these images in pairs (T0 vs. T0 + 10 or T0 + 15) and provided feedback on their overall impressions, realism, and psychological acceptance via a questionnaire. Besides lower face ptosis (p < 0.01), the simulated images revealed that regardless of ethnicity, there were no significant differences in grading. Irrespective of ethnic background, 62–78% of overall panelists found the projections realistic and liked them, while 85–96% of panelists (Chinese and French) were willing to test them. A total of 47% of Thai panelists were reluctant to try, while 4–14% found it scary. This indicated some degree of cultural influence. This study confirms women’s acceptance of future facial appearance with some degree of cultural divergence. It also highlights a valid methodology to explore skin aging for a more realistic and personalized cosmetic improvement and innovation
The Aminobisphosphonate Risedronate Preserves Localized Mineral and Material Properties of Bone in the Presence of Glucocorticoids
No full textObjective. Glucocorticoids (GCs) alter bone strength such that patients receiving these medications have a high rate of fragility-related fractures. The purpose of this study was to assess whether concurrent treatment with GCs (prednisolone) and risedronate (an aminobisphosphonate) would prevent the reduction in bone strength induced by GCs, in a mouse model of GC-induced bone loss and in patients enrolled in a clinical study. Methods. We evaluated mice treated with prednisolone pellets alone, GCs plus risedronate, or placebo alone and iliac crest biopsy specimens obtained from patients who were treated with GCs plus placebo or GCs plus risedronate for 1 year. We measured the mass, architecture, and physical and material properties of bone (subject to therapeutic treatments) at nanoscale to macroscopi
The aminobisphosphonate risedronate preserves localized mineral and material properties of bone in the presence of glucocorticoids
No full textthree-dimensional micromass
No full textAnalysis of the material properties of early chondrogenic differentiated adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) using an in vitr
Assessing the risk factors before pregnancy of preterm births in Iran: A population-based case-control study
No full textBackground: Preterm birth is a major cause of prenatal and postnatal mortality particularly in developing countries. This study investigated the maternal risk factors associated with the risk of preterm birth. Methods: A population-based case-control study was conducted in several provinces of Iran on 2463 mothers referred to health care centers. Appropriate descriptive and analytical statistical methods were used to evaluate the association between maternal risk factors and the risk of preterm birth. All tests were two-sided, and P values < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Results: The mean gestational age was 31.5 ± 4.03 vs. 38.8 ± 1.06 weeks in the case and control groups, respectively. Multivariate regression analysis showed a statistically significant association between preterm birth and mother's age and ethnicity. Women of Balooch ethnicity and age � 35 years were significantly more likely to develop preterm birth (OR: 1.64; 95 CI: 1.01 - 2.44 and OR: 9.72; 95 CI: 3.07-30.78, respectively). However, no statistically significant association was observed between preterm birth and mother's place of residence, level of education, past history of cesarean section, and BMI. Conclusion: Despite technological advances in the health care system, preterm birth still remains a major concern for health officials. Providing appropriate perinatal health care services as well as raising the awareness of pregnant women, especially for high-risk groups, can reduce the proportion of preventable preterm births. © 2019 The Author(s)
