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Improvement of working conditions for homecare workers by providing a physical assistance device such as an exoskeleton
No full textDans le secteur des SAAD, les TMS représentent plus de 95% des Maladies Professionnelles reconnues, et causent chaque année la perte d'1,3 millions de journées de travail, soit plus de 10 000 équivalents temps plein. Les conditions de réalisation de certaines tâches telles que les aides à la toilette et aux transferts imposent des contraintes physiques qui affectent principalement les régions du dos et des épaules. Face à ces contraintes, des méthodes de prévention des risques professionnels et des solutions de lutte contre les TMS peuvent être mises en place, telles que des aides techniques qui facilitent la mobilisation des bénéficiaires et des formations pour prévenir les comportements à risque. Cependant, les spécificités environnementales inhérentes aux métiers du domicile, limitent l'efficacité de ces solutions. Face à cette problématique, l'émergence des exosquelettes dans de nombreux secteurs dont celui de la santé pourrait apparaître comme une éventuelle solution. Ces dispositifs, actifs ou passifs assistent principalement les membres supérieurs et le dos, lors de mouvements à forte contrainte physique. Leurs effets bénéfiques sur l'activité musculaire et le ressenti de l'effort sont indéniables sur les zones ciblées par leur assistance. Le secteur du soin porte ainsi un intérêt grandissant pour ces dispositifs en vue de réduire la contrainte physique des actions de mobilisation de patients et bénéficiaires. Néanmoins, leur utilisation occasionne souvent des effets compensatoires, qui se traduisent par une augmentation de l'activité musculaire antagoniste et l'apparition de gênes ou de douleurs à l'usage. De plus, l'environnement de travail spécifique aux SAAD diffère grandement de celui qui peut être retrouvé dans un environnement normé, tels que peuvent l'être un hôpital ou un EHPAD. L'objectif des études de ce travail de thèse a consisté à mettre en évidence les effets positifs et potentiellement compensatoires de trois types de dispositifs au cours d'une tâche de mobilisation de bénéficiaire. Pour ce faire, les exosquelettes Japet.W (assistance active du bas du dos), HAPO (assistance passive du dos) et HAPO FRONT (assistance passive des membres supérieurs) ont été sélectionnés. Au cours d'une première phase en laboratoire, 19 sujets sains ont réalisé une tâche reproduisant une action de mobilisation au lit sur un sac lesté de 25kg. Les résultats ont montré une diminution significative de l'activité des deltoïdes (muscles responsables de l'élévation du bras) avec le port de l'exosquelette HAPO FRONT à hauteur de 10%, et de l'activité musculaire globale (-5,6%). Si les trois exosquelettes permettent de diminuer l'effort perçu, le Japet.W est largement plébiscité par les sujets.Cependant, si le laboratoire a l'avantage de contrôler les paramètres expérimentaux, les mesures réalisées ne sont pas représentatives de l'utilisation qui peut être faite d'un exosquelette en condition réelle de travail. La deuxième phase a donc mesurer les effets des mêmes exosquelettes, auprès de 5 aides à domicile du réseau AUXI'life, au cours de prestations dédiées à de l'aide à la personne.Des effets significatifs du port des exosquelettes sur l'activité musculaire a été confirmé par une analyse intra-sujet. Ces analyses ont de nouveau montré, d'une part l'intérêt pour l'exosquelette Japet.W, et d'autre part, l'effet du HAPO FRONT sur l'activité des deltoïdes pour la majorité des sujets, malgré des gênes occasionnées par son utilisation. La perspective d'une assistance combinée, à la fois passive pour les membres supérieurs et active pour le bas du dos semble être une piste intéressante pour soulager efficacement les contraintes de mobilisation. Le développement d'un exosquelette spécifique et l'éventualité d'une intégration dans ces métiers nécessitent toutefois de relever de nombreux défis techniques et environnementaux.In the home care services sector, MSDs are the cause of 95% of occupational illnesses, leading to the loss of 1.3 million workdays annually, equivalent to more than 10,000 full-time equivalent. The physical demands of tasks such as hygiene assistance and patient transfers primarily affect the back and shoulder regions. To address these challenges, preventive measures and MSD reduction strategies can be implemented, such as technical aids that facilitate patient mobilization and training to prevent risky behaviors. However, the specific environmental conditions of home care work limit the effectiveness of these solutions. In response, the emergence of exoskeletons across various sectors, including healthcare, appears to offer a potential solution. These devices, whether active or passive, mainly assist the upper limbs and back during physically demanding movements. Their positive effects on muscle activity and perceived effort are undeniable in the areas they target. The healthcare sector is increasingly interested in these devices to reduce the physical strain of patient and beneficiary mobilization tasks. However, their use often leads to compensatory effects, such as increased antagonist muscle activity and the onset of discomfort or pain. Furthermore, the working environment in home care services differs greatly from that found in more standardized settings, such as hospitals or nursing homes.The objective of this thesis was to highlight both the positive and compensatory effects of three types of devices during a patient mobilization task. The exoskeletons selected for the study were the Japet.W (active back assistance), HAPO (passive back assistance), and HAPO FRONT (passive upper limb assistance). In a first laboratory phase, 19 healthy subjects performed a task simulating a bed mobilization action with a 25kg weighted bag. The results showed a significant reduction in deltoid muscle activity (muscles responsible for arm elevation) with the HAPO FRONT exoskeleton, reducing activity by 10%, as well as a 5.6% reduction in overall muscle activity. While all three exoskeletons reduced perceived effort, the Japet.W was widely favored by the subjects.However, while laboratory settings allow for controlled experimental parameters, the measurements taken are not representative of exoskeleton use in real work conditions. Therefore, the second phase measured the effects of the same exoskeletons on five home care workers from the AUXI'life network during tasks involving personal care assistance. Intra-subject analyses confirmed the significant effects of wearing exoskeletons on muscle activity. These analyses again highlighted, on the one hand, the benefits of the Japet.W exoskeleton, and on the other hand, the effect of the HAPO FRONT on deltoid activity for the majority of subjects, despite discomfort caused by its use.The prospect of combined assistance, both passive for the upper limbs and active for the lower back, seems to be a promising approach to effectively alleviate the strain of patient mobilization. However, the development of a specific exoskeleton and its potential integration into these professions will require overcoming several technical and environmental challenges
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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