1,721,036 research outputs found
Space heating models for residential buildings and the influence of urban variables
Full text linkProceedings of the workshop Ispra, 12-14 September 2016. The aim of this second workshop was to discuss different approaches and methodologies to assess energy efficiency measures as well as energy usage and monitoring of energy flows at building, urban and regional level, representing an opportunity to share information, integrate stakeholders' views and set the ground for mutual collaboration. Eleven invited leading organisations and EU projects were invited to take part in this workshop sending experts to present their projects and discuss how to assess synergies and how to arrive to a coherent approach for assessment of energy use in the built environment. Another twelve people from JRC, experts on energy efficiency, energy performance, geospatial data modelling and processing participated to the workshop. Guglielmina MUTANI presented an energy consumption model at urban scale that includes the impact of the urban context on buildings' energy consumption. The model is combining a top-down approach (statistical model at municipality scale) and a bottom-up approach (simplified energy-use model for space heating, hot water production and electrical use). It is based on previous research results on mapping energy consumption and renewables sources and uses the CitySim simulation tool for the description of the buildings (and of their energy needs). The urban context is modelled through an urban context factor. The tool has been applied to the city of Turin
Energy at urban scale modeling: a tool for energy transition, urban regeneration and the reuse of existing buildings and empty spaces
Full text linkLe politiche energetiche in passato sono state guidate dai principi di sostenibilità, affidabilità e accessibilità. In un mondo sempre più globale tali principi però sono strettamente interconnessi e in continua evoluzione. In tale contesto, vengono studiati i modelli sul consumo e produzione di energia a scala territoriale, che consentono di analizzare e quantificare i consumi di quartieri e aree urbane, fornendo energia dove c’è una domanda di energia, ipotizzando scenari futuri e identificando le politiche energetiche e ambientali più efficaci. In questa sezione è presentata una metodologia basata su Sistemi Informativi Territoriali che permette di caratterizzare le prestazioni energetiche del patrimonio edilizio di Torino. Coi modelli energetici è stata valutata la rigenerazione delle aree urbane dismesse, identificando una priorità di interventi in funzione delle caratteristiche del territorio.
In the past, energy policies have been driven by the principles of sustainability, affordability and accessibility. However, in an increasingly global world these principles are closely interconnected and constantly evolving. In this context, energy consumption and production models at territorial scale have been investigated. These models allow to analyze and quantify the consumption of neighborhoods and urban areas, supplying energy where there is a demand, hypothesizing future scenarios and identifying the effective energy and environmental policies. This section presents a methodology based on Geographic Information Systems that allow to characterize the energy performances of the Turin building heritage. With the energy models, the regeneration of empty spaces was evaluated, identifying a priority of interventions according to the characteristics of the territory
Machine Learning algorithms for Urban Building Energy Modeling
Full text linkUrbanization trends have intensified the focus on predicting building energy consumption within urban areas for sustainable development. Urban Building Energy Modeling (UBEM) offers a valuable approach to simulating and evaluating building energy efficiency within urban contexts, considering various physical and climatic factors.
This paper explores the application of data-driven UBEM in urban energy planning, with the case study of Turin, Italy. It is due to the fact that traditional physics-based UBEM models face limitations in large-scale urban settings, prompting the adoption of data-driven approaches. The study evaluates the effectiveness of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, particularly Light Gradient-Boosting Machine (LightGBM) and Random Forest (RF), in predicting energy consumption for space heating at both monthly and hourly time steps.
Using a comprehensive dataset of 44,290 buildings and building blocks and the District Heating Network (DHN) in Turin with 6146 connected buildings, the study demonstrates the superior predictive performance of LightGBM over Random Forest, particularly at the urban scale. In the stable operational months from December 2022 to March 2023, LightGBM showed a maximum relative error of 2% for monthly energy consumption prediction, while RF had a maximum relative error of 9%. For buildings’ hourly energy consumption profile, despite challenges associated with space heating cut-off during a day, both algorithms exhibit robust performance, with relative errors below ±20% for most of the hours. These results highlight the robustness of both ML models in accurately predicting monthly energy consumption, particularly for urban application
La sostenibilità ambientale con sistemi di emissione del calore elettrici. Environmental sustainability with electric heat emission systems
No full textIl concetto di sistema edificio-impianto, per gli edifici ad energia "quasi zero", è destinato a cambiare: l'involucro sarà sempre più prestante e l'impianto dovrà adattarsi alle nuove esigenze e logiche di funzionamento, garantendo una maggiore flessibilità e la possibilità di sfruttamento delle fonti di energia rinnovabili. In questo lavoro viene presentata l'esperienza fatta nell'ambito del progetto di un edificio residenziale di undici unità immobiliari, vincolato al raggiungimento di un pun-teggio minimo di 2.5 secondo il Protocollo Itaca, per effetto dell'applicazione del Piano Casa della Regione Piemonte. La particolarità del progetto riguarda la scelta, effettuata in sede di variante, di installare dei sistemi di riscaldamento elettrici, che ha richiesto la valutazione di interventi in grado di compensare l'incremento del fabbisogno di energia primaria e delle emissioni di inquinanti, al fine di mantenere invariato il punteggio del protocollo ambientale. La scelta del sistema di emissione elettrico, infine, è stata fatta sulla base di consi-derazioni economiche e di alcune prove sperimentali effettuate all'interno della camera termostatica del Dipartimento Energia del Politecnico di Torino, volte a caratterizzare il funzionamento di diversi radiatori elettrici: un radiatore a olio, un radiatore in fibra di carbonio, un pavimento radiante in fibra di carbonio, un radiatore "ad infrarossi" ed un radiatore elettrico in alluminio, tutti di pari potenza elettrica. The concept of "nearly zero" energy buildings will change the design of envelope and plant system: an high performance envelope with the system adapted to new requi-rements and operating modes, allowing a greater flexibility and exploitation of renewa-ble energies sources. In this paper, the experience on the project of a residential building of eleven units is presented, with the achievement of a minimum score of 2.5 in accordance with the Ita-ca Protocol, due to the application of the Piedmont Regional law "Piano Casa". The pe-culiarity of the project concerns the decision to install electric emission heating systems, with the evaluation of interventions that can compensate the increase in primary energy demand and emissions of pollutants, in order to maintain the rating of 2.5 with the Itaca Protocol. The choice of the type of electrical heat emission system, finally, was made taking into account the lower costs and some experimental tests carried out in the thermostatic chamber in the Department of Energy at Politecnico di Torino, aimed to characterize the consumption and behavior of different electric radiators: a radiator with oil, a radiator made of carbon fiber, a radiant floor in carbon fiber, an "infrared" heater and an electric aluminum radiator, all with the equal power suppl
Dalla certificazione dell’esistente al progetto di riqualificazione energetica: un percorso didattico
No full textL’articolo riporta l’esperienza didattica e professionalizzante condotta nell’ambito del workshop “Progettare e certificare la qualità energetica degli edifici”, corso opzionale seguito dagli studenti delle Lauree Magistrali in Architettura del Politecnico di Torino. Il referente scientifico è la prof.ssa Guglielmina Mutani, Dipartimento Energia, il workshop è svolto con il supporto tecnico del Laboratorio di Analisi e Modellazione dei Sistemi Ambientali (LAMSA), Dipartimento di Architettura e Design.
Nel contributo sono illustrate le finalità del workshop, volto all’acquisizione di una specifica competenza professionale in tema di efficienza energetica degli edifici, e la metodologia di lavoro, tipica dei workshop specialistici attivati dal Dipartimento, in cui la trattazione teorica dei diversi argomenti viene unita a incontri con aziende di settore e professionisti, visite in cantiere e attività laboratoriali in aula, in modo da creare una circolarità tra esperienza pratica e approfondimento teorico, dove l’attività diventa riscontro effettivo della formazione e la formazione trova nuovi stimoli nell’azione
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
GIS-based urban energy modelling and energy efficiency scenarios using the energy performance certificate database
Full text linkThe EU building stock is 97% not energy efficient and the promotion of energy retrofitting strategies is a key way of reducing energy consumptions and greenhouse gas emission. In order to improve the energy performance of buildings, the European Union released the Energy Performance of Buildings and the Energy Efficiency Directives. The certification of the energy performance of a building is a central element of these Directives to monitor and promote energy performance improvements in buildings, with the aim of increasing their energy efficiency level, thereby reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This work evaluates the energy performance of existing residential buildings using the energy performance certificate database and identifies the more effective retrofitting interventions by applying an urban-scale energy model. The novelty of this study is that a new retrofitting database is created to improve the results of a building energy model at urban scale taking into account the real characteristics of the built environment. The here presented GIS-based monthly engineering model is flexible and easily applicable to different contexts, and was used to investigate energy efficiency scenarios by evaluating their effects of city scale. An urban energy atlas was designed for an Italian city, Turin, as a decision-making platform for policy makers and citizens. This energy platform can give information on energy consumption, production and productivity potential, but also on energy retrofitting scenarios. The results of this work show that it is possible to obtain energy savings for space heating of 79,064 MWh/year for the residential buildings connected to the district heating network in the city of Turin; these interventions refer mainly to thermal insulation of buildings envelope with windows replacement and allow a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of 12,097 tonCO2eq/year
Low-Carbon Strategies for Resilient Cities: A Place-Based Evaluation of Solar Technologies and Green Roofs Potential in Urban Contexts
Full text linkThe use of smart green technologies such as solar panels or green roofs on the top of buildings are identified as low-carbon infrastructure strategies. This work examines the roofs’ potential in a densely built-up context, analyzing the effects of smart green technologies on energy savings and thermal comfort conditions at district scale. The methodology presented can be used to accurately estimate solar energy potential and green roof potential on existing building stock at national, municipal, district and building level, with direct application in energy efficiency policy design. With the support of a place-based approach, the methodology was applied to a district in the city of Turin (Italy). A 3D model was created, some scenarios have been investigated, and priorities of interventions have been established mapping the spatial distribution of different parameters. From the results, it is emerged that there is a significant potential in Turin, and the use of green technologies especially in critical areas with solar technologies can promote a more sustainable development of the city. Solar modules and green roofs have been used alternatively to maximize the benefits. The applicability of these technologies can be integrated in the Municipal Energy-Environmental annex of the Building Regulations of the city of Turin
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