1,720,969 research outputs found

    DEFENSE MECHANISMS: FROM THE INDIVIDUAL TO THE COLLECTIVE LEVEL

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    L’articolo si occupa di costruzione e difesa 23 dell’identità soggettiva come tema all’intersezione di psicologia e antropologia. In questa prospettiva, i 24 meccanismi di difesa si dispongono lungo uno spettro che dal livello individuale conduce a quello colletti-25 vo. La mente individuale è la sfera delle difese intrapsichiche e delle manovre interpersonali a cui ognuno 26 di noi fa ricorso, nella relazione con gli altri e col proprio ambiente, per difendere la propria autodescrivi-27 bilità e, inscindibilmente, la solidità del proprio essere autocosciente. Al livello sociale e collettivo, invece, 28 le strutture autoprotettive dell’individuo sono sorrette da interventi culturali che organizzano e “addome-29 sticano” intersoggettivamente la nostra soggettività e il nostro sentirci esistere.In this article we shall deal with the construction and defense of subjective identity as a topic at 11 the intersection of psychology and anthropology. In this perspective, defense mechanisms are seen as fall-12 ing along a spectrum that stretches from the individual level to the collective. The individual mind is the 13 sphere of the intrapsychic defenses and the interpersonal maneuvers to which each of us appeals, in the 14 relationship with other people and with one’s own environment, to defend one’s own self-describability 15 and, indissolubly, the solidity of one’s own self-conscious being. At a social and collective level, on the 16 other hand, the individual self-protective structures are supported by cultural interventions that organize 17 and intersubjectively “domesticate” our subjectivity and our feeling of being-there

    Premessa

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    Breve introduzione al volume. È composto da tre parti così da consentire al lettore di meglio orientarsi nel fitto intrico di concetti e idee generato dall’interazione fra la psichiatria e le scienze della mente e del cervello. La Parte prima comprende capitoli di impianto storico ed epistemologico, che si interrogano sulle prospettive e sui problemi del progetto di una neuropsichiatria cognitiva (o neuroscienza cognitiva clinica). La Parte seconda esamina alcuni casi specifici di interazione tra psichiatria e scienze cognitive, inclusi i contributi pionieristici sopra menzionati. Infine, nella Parte terza la teoria dell’attaccamento, in quanto tradizione psicodinamica di impianto etologico, cognitivo ed evoluzionistico, è presa come quadro di riferimento entro cui sono riesaminati temi psicoanalitici classici quali la regolazione delle emozioni, le difese, il trauma e la dissociazione

    Mindreading e introspezione

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    Insieme ai deliri da riconoscimento erroneo (a cui sarà dedicato il cap. 7), l’ipotesi secondo cui le difficoltà relative all’interazione sociale manifestate dai pazienti sofferenti di disturbi dello spettro autistico ad alto funzionamento sarebbero riconducibili alla compromissione di meccanismi neurocognitivi deputati alla comprensione delle menti altrui (Baron-Cohen, Leslie, Frith, 1985) e a ruota la definizione della schizofrenia come “autismo a tarda insorgenza” (Frith, 1992) figurano tra le principali fonti dell’idea di neuropsichiatria cognitiva. In questo capitolo esamineremo alcune delle tappe principali della storia ormai più che trentennale di questa tesi che assegna ai difetti di mentalizzazione un ruolo decisivo nell’eziopatogenesi di alcuni aspetti dell’autismo e della schizofrenia

    Psicopatologia e scienze della mente. Dalla psichiatria organicistica alla neuroscienza cognitiva clinica

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    Da sempre, la psichiatria (la scienza generale dei disturbi psichici) cerca di venire a capo della sua natura composita, partecipe sia delle scienze biologiche sia delle scienze umane, a cavallo fra l’interpersonale e il personale, fra il sociale e l’individuale. Scopo di questo volume a più voci è discutere se, ed eventualmente in quali modi, le odierne scienze della mente e del cervello possano fornire teorie, metodi e dati utili per liberare la psichiatria dalle antinomie che l’hanno afflitta fin dai suoi esordi

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis

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    We provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis

    Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts

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    We conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more sophisticated methods

    Author Index

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